Spot welding
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This document discusses mechanical properties of spot welded joints of ferrous alloy under static loads. It outlines objectives to study resistance spot welding of cold rolled mild steel sheets, perform experimental tests in a laboratory including tensile, hardness, and impact tests, numerically model the spot welding, and simulate the tests using Ansys software. The introduction provides background on resistance spot welding and its common applications. The methodology section describes specimen preparation, spot welding process, and planned experiments and numerical modeling/simulation.
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Spot welding /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
The document discusses a project to develop a controller to better control the strength of spot welds. Spot welding involves applying heat and pressure via electrodes to join metal sheets. Currently, weld strength is controlled mainly by current, but the project aims to also control force during welding for more consistency. The controller will integrate both current and force control. This may help address issues like electrode wear and expulsion which cause strength variations. The developed controller will be used to study welding dissimilar metals and different thicknesses.
resistance spot welding
Resistance spot welding is a process that joins metal parts using heat generated by resistance to current passing through the workpieces. It is commonly used in automotive and aircraft manufacturing. Key advantages are its speed, ability to join thin sheets, and suitability for automation. However, it requires specialized equipment and skilled operators, and is generally not suitable for thick materials. Electrodes must conduct current efficiently while withstanding heat and pressure. Copper alloys are commonly used but refractory materials may be required for some applications like welding stainless steel.
FRICTION STIR WELDING PROJECT
Friction Stir welding combine the action of frictional heating and mechanical deformation due to a rotating tool. The advantages of Friction Stir welding over arc welding is as follows:-
1) High quality weld can be achieved
2) Absence of solidification cracking
3) Lower apparent energy input
4) Less distortion and residual stress
Optimization of resistance spot welding parameters for welding of stainless ...
This document presents a study on optimizing resistance spot welding parameters for joining austenitic stainless steel AISI 301L sheets using the Taguchi method. Indentation, nugget diameter, tensile strength, and penetration were evaluated. Experiments were conducted using an L32 orthogonal array to analyze welding current, weld cycle, hold time, and cool time. Analysis of variance identified weld cycle, interaction of welding current and weld cycle, and interaction of welding current, weld cycle, and hold time as significant factors affecting indentation. Validation experiments at the optimized levels showed indentation decreased by over 50% while tensile strength, nugget diameter, and penetration met standards. The Taguchi method was effective for
Spot welding final year project of b.sc engineering in metallurgy and materi...
Spot welding final year project of b.sc engineering in metallurgy and materi...University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Final Year Project in Punjab University B.Sc Engineering in Metallurgy and Material. Spot Welding, Testing, SEM, Friction stir-welding
This document provides an introduction to friction stir welding (FSW), including:
- FSW was invented in 1991 as a solid state welding process that avoids problems of conventional welding.
- It works by plunging a rotating cylindrical tool with a profiled pin into the material to be joined, generating frictional heat below the melting point.
- The document outlines the basic FSW setup, materials used, stress-strain graph, advantages over fusion welding, and applications in aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. It also discusses future developments and concludes that FSW is an important alternative to fusion welding.
Fsw optimization for dissimilar aluminium alloys (Presentation)
This dissertation examines the parametric optimization of friction stir welding (FSW) when joining dissimilar aluminum alloys. The document outlines the methodology, which includes: selecting critical welding parameters; designing experiments using a fractional factorial design of experiments approach in Minitab; conducting FSW experiments; analyzing tensile strength and hardness results; and developing mathematical models. Regression analysis identified tool tip plunge depth, shoulder diameter, tilt angle, and tool shape as significant parameters. Interactions between parameters also influenced weld strength. The study aims to optimize FSW of dissimilar aluminum alloys for applications like shipbuilding and aerospace.
Friction stir-welding by shaikh mohd aslam
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that was invented in 1991. It involves a non-consumable rotating tool that is plunged into metal materials to join them. Frictional heat generated by the tool plasticizes the materials without melting them. As the tool traverses along the weld line, it forges the plasticized materials behind the tool to form a joint. Compared to fusion welding, friction stir welding produces joints with lower heat input and narrow heat affected zones. It can weld a variety of materials, including aluminum alloys, copper alloys, magnesium alloys, and plastics.
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Spot welding /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
The document discusses a project to develop a controller to better control the strength of spot welds. Spot welding involves applying heat and pressure via electrodes to join metal sheets. Currently, weld strength is controlled mainly by current, but the project aims to also control force during welding for more consistency. The controller will integrate both current and force control. This may help address issues like electrode wear and expulsion which cause strength variations. The developed controller will be used to study welding dissimilar metals and different thicknesses.
resistance spot welding
Resistance spot welding is a process that joins metal parts using heat generated by resistance to current passing through the workpieces. It is commonly used in automotive and aircraft manufacturing. Key advantages are its speed, ability to join thin sheets, and suitability for automation. However, it requires specialized equipment and skilled operators, and is generally not suitable for thick materials. Electrodes must conduct current efficiently while withstanding heat and pressure. Copper alloys are commonly used but refractory materials may be required for some applications like welding stainless steel.
FRICTION STIR WELDING PROJECT
Friction Stir welding combine the action of frictional heating and mechanical deformation due to a rotating tool. The advantages of Friction Stir welding over arc welding is as follows:-
1) High quality weld can be achieved
2) Absence of solidification cracking
3) Lower apparent energy input
4) Less distortion and residual stress
Optimization of resistance spot welding parameters for welding of stainless ...
This document presents a study on optimizing resistance spot welding parameters for joining austenitic stainless steel AISI 301L sheets using the Taguchi method. Indentation, nugget diameter, tensile strength, and penetration were evaluated. Experiments were conducted using an L32 orthogonal array to analyze welding current, weld cycle, hold time, and cool time. Analysis of variance identified weld cycle, interaction of welding current and weld cycle, and interaction of welding current, weld cycle, and hold time as significant factors affecting indentation. Validation experiments at the optimized levels showed indentation decreased by over 50% while tensile strength, nugget diameter, and penetration met standards. The Taguchi method was effective for
Spot welding final year project of b.sc engineering in metallurgy and materi...
Spot welding final year project of b.sc engineering in metallurgy and materi...University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Final Year Project in Punjab University B.Sc Engineering in Metallurgy and Material. Spot Welding, Testing, SEM, Friction stir-welding
This document provides an introduction to friction stir welding (FSW), including:
- FSW was invented in 1991 as a solid state welding process that avoids problems of conventional welding.
- It works by plunging a rotating cylindrical tool with a profiled pin into the material to be joined, generating frictional heat below the melting point.
- The document outlines the basic FSW setup, materials used, stress-strain graph, advantages over fusion welding, and applications in aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. It also discusses future developments and concludes that FSW is an important alternative to fusion welding.
Fsw optimization for dissimilar aluminium alloys (Presentation)
This dissertation examines the parametric optimization of friction stir welding (FSW) when joining dissimilar aluminum alloys. The document outlines the methodology, which includes: selecting critical welding parameters; designing experiments using a fractional factorial design of experiments approach in Minitab; conducting FSW experiments; analyzing tensile strength and hardness results; and developing mathematical models. Regression analysis identified tool tip plunge depth, shoulder diameter, tilt angle, and tool shape as significant parameters. Interactions between parameters also influenced weld strength. The study aims to optimize FSW of dissimilar aluminum alloys for applications like shipbuilding and aerospace.
Friction stir-welding by shaikh mohd aslam
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that was invented in 1991. It involves a non-consumable rotating tool that is plunged into metal materials to join them. Frictional heat generated by the tool plasticizes the materials without melting them. As the tool traverses along the weld line, it forges the plasticized materials behind the tool to form a joint. Compared to fusion welding, friction stir welding produces joints with lower heat input and narrow heat affected zones. It can weld a variety of materials, including aluminum alloys, copper alloys, magnesium alloys, and plastics.
Friction stir-welding by shaikh mohd aslam
The document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA 2024 and AA 6061. It provides background on friction stir welding, including that it was invented in 1991 and produces high strength welds below melting temperature. Key parameters for the presented study are identified as rotation speed 600-1000 rpm, traverse speed 15-40 mm/min, and tool pin profiles. Experimental procedures and setup are described. Important welding zones of nugget, thermo-mechanically affected zone, and heat affected zone are identified. Microstructure analysis and joint geometries are discussed. The document concludes friction stir welding is an advantageous alternative to fusion welding with benefits like low heat, high strength welds, and lack of fumes or consum
Friction stir-welding (2)
This document provides an overview of friction stir welding (FSW), including its principles, setup, materials used, advantages, and applications. Some key points:
- FSW was invented in 1991 as a solid state welding process that generates frictional heat between a rotating tool and materials to be joined, below their melting points.
- It overcomes issues with conventional welding like distortion and defects, and enables welding of materials not possible with fusion welding.
- The FSW setup involves a cylindrical, shouldered tool with a probe that is rotated and plunged into materials to be joined. This generates frictional heat to plasticize the materials without melting.
- FSW produces high strength welds in a wide
Rajdeep Banik_14PME021_ppt
The document outlines an experimental plan to optimize friction stir welding parameters for joining AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys. Key points:
- The study will weld AA6061 and AA7075 plates using different tool rotation speeds, welding speeds, tilt angles, and surface roughnesses.
- Samples will be tested for ultimate tensile strength, elongation, hardness, and microstructure. Regression and Taguchi-Grey analysis will be used to optimize parameters.
- The goal is to develop models to predict mechanical properties and optimize parameters to maximize strength of the welded joints. Confirmatory tests will then validate the optimized parameters.
Overview of friction stir welding
This document provides an overview of friction stir welding (FSW). It describes FSW as a solid-state welding process that uses friction and mechanical stirring to join materials without melting. Key points include: FSW uses a rotating tool to generate frictional heat and plastically deform the materials, leaving a solid phase bond; important parameters are tool rotation/travel speeds and geometry; FSW eliminates issues like porosity and shrinkage seen in fusion welding. Applications include aerospace, transportation, industrial structures, and shipbuilding.
Resistance spot welding
The document discusses resistance spot welding, which involves cleaning surfaces, applying a weld-through primer, and ensuring overlapping surfaces. It describes squeeze time as the time for the electrode to contact the work piece, weld time as when current passes and welding occurs, and hold time for the metal to cool. A peel test is used to check weld strength by pulling layers apart and verifying a hole is left in one layer. The document warns that spot welds placed too closely together can experience a shunt effect where electricity takes the path of least resistance between welds, weakening them.
Spot welding
Spot welding is a metal joining process where two metal surfaces are welded together by resistance heating when a large current is passed through them. The current causes the metal to heat up and melt together. It allows for quick and easy welding of multiple metal sheets simultaneously without filler metals or flames. However, spot welds have lower strength than other weld types and repairs can be difficult. It is commonly used in the automobile industry to join metal car body panels and parts.
Resistance welding of aluminium by abd al rahman ata
Spot welding aluminium requires higher currents than steel due to aluminium's high thermal conductivity and low resistance. The oxide film on aluminium's surface must be removed through mechanical or chemical pretreatment to reduce contact resistance. Proper surface pretreatment and high current applied for a short duration can produce welds meeting strength requirements. Weld quality depends on factors like current, force applied over time, and diameter. Larger welds are needed to compensate for strength loss in heat-treatable alloys.
Friction stir welding process parameters for
1) Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding process that joins materials without melting them. In FSW, a non-consumable tool is used to generate frictional heat and plasticize the materials being joined.
2) The document focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties and predicting the process parameters of friction stir welding for joining dissimilar aluminum alloys, specifically a 6xxx alloy and 7xxx alloy.
3) Key factors that determine weld quality are welding parameters like rotational speed and welding speed, as well as tool geometry. Proper selection of parameters and tool design can improve weld quality.
Resistance Spot Welding of CRCA Steel sheets using surface modified electrodes
Resistance spot welding has established itself across a wide range of industries as a cost-effective method
for welding. One of the problems of Resistance Spot Welding is the lifetime of welding electrode tips which affects the
quality of the welds formed. An innovative way to prevent the electrode wear is to plate the surface of the electrode
with suitable material. The material chosen in this study is Nickel and Chromium. Plating of these materials is
inexpensive and easily available. The increase in resistance due to plating the electrodes is measured. The metals are
plated on the surface with varying thicknesses separately and their effect on ultimate load, shear stress and nugget
diameter is observed by varying welding current and keeping the weld time and welding pressure constant. It is
investigated from the study that Ni plating with 35 microns thickness and Cr plating with 25 microns thickness
requires less current to weld spots of higher strengths compared to non plated electrodes. This is due to increase in
resistance of the weld system due to plating which requires less current as resistance of the weld system is increased.
Heat Generation Performance of a Homemade Friction Stir Welding Tool
(1) The document discusses heat generation during friction stir welding using a homemade friction stir welding tool. An infrared video camera was used to capture the heat generation between the tool and workpiece, showing temperatures ranging from 380-450°C.
(2) A numerical model was developed to simulate the heat generation during friction stir welding. The model found that parameters like normal force, welding speed, spindle speed, and friction coefficient can be adjusted to control the heat generation.
(3) The research concluded that a homemade friction stir welding tool was successfully designed and used for friction stir welding, with only minor defects observed. Heat generation maps from the numerical model matched well with experimental results.
Friction stir welding
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that uses a non-consumable tool to join two touching workpieces without melting. The tool has a shouldered pin that is rotated as it travels along the joint line. Friction between the pin and workpieces generates heat, causing the metals to soften without melting. Benefits include excellent mechanical properties, reduced defects compared to fusion welding, and ability to join difficult-to-weld metals and aluminum alloys. Applications include automotive, aerospace, rail, shipbuilding, and electronics.
Experimental study on ultrasonic welding of aluminum sheet to copper sheet
Abstract Ultrasonic welding is devoted to weld thin sheet metals of similar or dissimilar couples of non-ferrous alloys like copper, aluminum and magnesium without addition of filler material resulting in high quality weld; it can count on a low energy consumption and on a joining mechanism based on a solid state plastic deformation which creates a very homogeneous metallic structure between the base materials, free from pores & characterized by refined grains and confined inclusions’ Ultrasonic metal welding can join also painted or covered sheet metals. Thin sheets of aluminium have been joined to thin copper sheets by means of Ultrasonic spot Welding. Results are particularly effective in order to evaluate the relevance of various phenomena influencing the lap joint technique obtained on thin aluminium and copper by the application of Ultrasonic Metal Spot Welding (USMSW). The Present study considers the experiments carried out on the aluminum and copper sheets joints at room temperature. The aim is to evaluate the relevance of various factors influencing the lap joining technique, allowing a deep understanding of the phenomena and the possibility to keep them under control; in the meantime, the feasibility and relevance of the proposed hybrid joining technology is discussed.. Keywords: Ultrasonic Metal Spot Welding, Aluminum, Copper, Fusion
Effects and defects of the polypropylene plate for different parameters in fr...
Effects and defects of the polypropylene plate for different parameters in fr...eSAT Publishing House
1. The document analyzes the effects of different parameters on friction stir welding of polypropylene plates, including tool pin profile, rotational speed, and welding speed.
2. Microstructural images and hardness tests were used to evaluate the quality of the welds under different conditions.
3. The results showed that a threaded pin profile with rotational speed of 2250 rpm and welding speed of 40-50 mm/min produced welds with the fewest defects in the polypropylene material.Friction stir welding
Friction-stir welding is an advanced solid-state joining process (the metal is not melted) which involves the use of a third body tool to join two facing surfaces. Heat is generated between the tool and material which leads to a very soft region near the FSW tool. It then mechanically intermixes the two pieces of metal at the place of the joint, then the softened metal (due to the elevated temperature) can be joined using mechanical pressure (which is applied by the tool), much like joining clay, or dough. It is primarily used on aluminium, and most often on extruded aluminium (non-heat treatable alloys), and on structures which need superior weld strength without a post weld heat treatment.
It was invented and experimentally proven at The Welding Institute UK in December 1991.
Automotive Applications of Welding Technology – A Study
Welding is invariably used in the automotive industries for joining variety of structural
components and engine parts. The constant demand for new improved material requirement for
automotive applications necessitates the development of innovative joining techniques. In this paper, the
welding techniques commonly adapted in the automotive industries are discussed. Illustrative diagrams
and specific automotive applications are included in the paper. The novel technique of joining dissimilar
metals viz., magnetic pulse welding is also discussed. The latest update on medium frequency welding
method used by auto manufacturers is also presented with its technical and operational merits
Friction stir welding
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process (the metal is not melted) that uses a third body tool to join two facing surfaces.
Resistance welding
Resistance welding is a process that uses heat generated by an electric current passing through contacting workpieces to weld them together. Spot welding is commonly used in the automotive industry to join vehicle body parts. The main types of resistance welding are spot welding, seam welding, flash welding, projection welding, and upset welding.
Friction stir welding of high strength aluminium alloys
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on friction stir welding of high-strength aluminum alloys. It discusses friction stir welding techniques, properties of 7XXX and 2XXX aluminum alloys, applications of friction stir welding in aerospace and other industries, and challenges and opportunities for further research. Friction stir welding is described as a solid-state welding process that was invented in 1991 and provides advantages over conventional welding of aluminum, including fewer defects, no filler required, and improved mechanical properties of the welded joint. The presentation focuses on welding high-strength 7XXX and 2XXX aluminum alloys used in aerospace applications.
FSW of Aluminum Group 5
Friction Stir welding ( process , parameters , weld zones , microstructure , mechanical properties , Pros & cons , defects , Applications , apps in aerospace , Bobbing )
Friction stir welding (fsw)
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining technique invented in 1991 as an alternative to fusion welding. It involves a rotating cylindrical tool that is plunged into aluminum or other metal workpieces, generating frictional heat below the melting point and allowing material flow. Key parameters include tool design, rotation speed, travel speed, tilt, and plunge depth. Compared to fusion welding, FSW reduces defects, distortion, and hazards while improving mechanical properties. It has applications in shipbuilding, aerospace, transportation, and microfabrication.
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Friction stir-welding by shaikh mohd aslam
The document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA 2024 and AA 6061. It provides background on friction stir welding, including that it was invented in 1991 and produces high strength welds below melting temperature. Key parameters for the presented study are identified as rotation speed 600-1000 rpm, traverse speed 15-40 mm/min, and tool pin profiles. Experimental procedures and setup are described. Important welding zones of nugget, thermo-mechanically affected zone, and heat affected zone are identified. Microstructure analysis and joint geometries are discussed. The document concludes friction stir welding is an advantageous alternative to fusion welding with benefits like low heat, high strength welds, and lack of fumes or consum
Friction stir-welding (2)
This document provides an overview of friction stir welding (FSW), including its principles, setup, materials used, advantages, and applications. Some key points:
- FSW was invented in 1991 as a solid state welding process that generates frictional heat between a rotating tool and materials to be joined, below their melting points.
- It overcomes issues with conventional welding like distortion and defects, and enables welding of materials not possible with fusion welding.
- The FSW setup involves a cylindrical, shouldered tool with a probe that is rotated and plunged into materials to be joined. This generates frictional heat to plasticize the materials without melting.
- FSW produces high strength welds in a wide
Rajdeep Banik_14PME021_ppt
The document outlines an experimental plan to optimize friction stir welding parameters for joining AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys. Key points:
- The study will weld AA6061 and AA7075 plates using different tool rotation speeds, welding speeds, tilt angles, and surface roughnesses.
- Samples will be tested for ultimate tensile strength, elongation, hardness, and microstructure. Regression and Taguchi-Grey analysis will be used to optimize parameters.
- The goal is to develop models to predict mechanical properties and optimize parameters to maximize strength of the welded joints. Confirmatory tests will then validate the optimized parameters.
Overview of friction stir welding
This document provides an overview of friction stir welding (FSW). It describes FSW as a solid-state welding process that uses friction and mechanical stirring to join materials without melting. Key points include: FSW uses a rotating tool to generate frictional heat and plastically deform the materials, leaving a solid phase bond; important parameters are tool rotation/travel speeds and geometry; FSW eliminates issues like porosity and shrinkage seen in fusion welding. Applications include aerospace, transportation, industrial structures, and shipbuilding.
Resistance spot welding
The document discusses resistance spot welding, which involves cleaning surfaces, applying a weld-through primer, and ensuring overlapping surfaces. It describes squeeze time as the time for the electrode to contact the work piece, weld time as when current passes and welding occurs, and hold time for the metal to cool. A peel test is used to check weld strength by pulling layers apart and verifying a hole is left in one layer. The document warns that spot welds placed too closely together can experience a shunt effect where electricity takes the path of least resistance between welds, weakening them.
Spot welding
Spot welding is a metal joining process where two metal surfaces are welded together by resistance heating when a large current is passed through them. The current causes the metal to heat up and melt together. It allows for quick and easy welding of multiple metal sheets simultaneously without filler metals or flames. However, spot welds have lower strength than other weld types and repairs can be difficult. It is commonly used in the automobile industry to join metal car body panels and parts.
Resistance welding of aluminium by abd al rahman ata
Spot welding aluminium requires higher currents than steel due to aluminium's high thermal conductivity and low resistance. The oxide film on aluminium's surface must be removed through mechanical or chemical pretreatment to reduce contact resistance. Proper surface pretreatment and high current applied for a short duration can produce welds meeting strength requirements. Weld quality depends on factors like current, force applied over time, and diameter. Larger welds are needed to compensate for strength loss in heat-treatable alloys.
Friction stir welding process parameters for
1) Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding process that joins materials without melting them. In FSW, a non-consumable tool is used to generate frictional heat and plasticize the materials being joined.
2) The document focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties and predicting the process parameters of friction stir welding for joining dissimilar aluminum alloys, specifically a 6xxx alloy and 7xxx alloy.
3) Key factors that determine weld quality are welding parameters like rotational speed and welding speed, as well as tool geometry. Proper selection of parameters and tool design can improve weld quality.
Resistance Spot Welding of CRCA Steel sheets using surface modified electrodes
Resistance spot welding has established itself across a wide range of industries as a cost-effective method
for welding. One of the problems of Resistance Spot Welding is the lifetime of welding electrode tips which affects the
quality of the welds formed. An innovative way to prevent the electrode wear is to plate the surface of the electrode
with suitable material. The material chosen in this study is Nickel and Chromium. Plating of these materials is
inexpensive and easily available. The increase in resistance due to plating the electrodes is measured. The metals are
plated on the surface with varying thicknesses separately and their effect on ultimate load, shear stress and nugget
diameter is observed by varying welding current and keeping the weld time and welding pressure constant. It is
investigated from the study that Ni plating with 35 microns thickness and Cr plating with 25 microns thickness
requires less current to weld spots of higher strengths compared to non plated electrodes. This is due to increase in
resistance of the weld system due to plating which requires less current as resistance of the weld system is increased.
Heat Generation Performance of a Homemade Friction Stir Welding Tool
(1) The document discusses heat generation during friction stir welding using a homemade friction stir welding tool. An infrared video camera was used to capture the heat generation between the tool and workpiece, showing temperatures ranging from 380-450°C.
(2) A numerical model was developed to simulate the heat generation during friction stir welding. The model found that parameters like normal force, welding speed, spindle speed, and friction coefficient can be adjusted to control the heat generation.
(3) The research concluded that a homemade friction stir welding tool was successfully designed and used for friction stir welding, with only minor defects observed. Heat generation maps from the numerical model matched well with experimental results.
Friction stir welding
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that uses a non-consumable tool to join two touching workpieces without melting. The tool has a shouldered pin that is rotated as it travels along the joint line. Friction between the pin and workpieces generates heat, causing the metals to soften without melting. Benefits include excellent mechanical properties, reduced defects compared to fusion welding, and ability to join difficult-to-weld metals and aluminum alloys. Applications include automotive, aerospace, rail, shipbuilding, and electronics.
Experimental study on ultrasonic welding of aluminum sheet to copper sheet
Abstract Ultrasonic welding is devoted to weld thin sheet metals of similar or dissimilar couples of non-ferrous alloys like copper, aluminum and magnesium without addition of filler material resulting in high quality weld; it can count on a low energy consumption and on a joining mechanism based on a solid state plastic deformation which creates a very homogeneous metallic structure between the base materials, free from pores & characterized by refined grains and confined inclusions’ Ultrasonic metal welding can join also painted or covered sheet metals. Thin sheets of aluminium have been joined to thin copper sheets by means of Ultrasonic spot Welding. Results are particularly effective in order to evaluate the relevance of various phenomena influencing the lap joint technique obtained on thin aluminium and copper by the application of Ultrasonic Metal Spot Welding (USMSW). The Present study considers the experiments carried out on the aluminum and copper sheets joints at room temperature. The aim is to evaluate the relevance of various factors influencing the lap joining technique, allowing a deep understanding of the phenomena and the possibility to keep them under control; in the meantime, the feasibility and relevance of the proposed hybrid joining technology is discussed.. Keywords: Ultrasonic Metal Spot Welding, Aluminum, Copper, Fusion
Effects and defects of the polypropylene plate for different parameters in fr...
Effects and defects of the polypropylene plate for different parameters in fr...eSAT Publishing House
1. The document analyzes the effects of different parameters on friction stir welding of polypropylene plates, including tool pin profile, rotational speed, and welding speed.
2. Microstructural images and hardness tests were used to evaluate the quality of the welds under different conditions.
3. The results showed that a threaded pin profile with rotational speed of 2250 rpm and welding speed of 40-50 mm/min produced welds with the fewest defects in the polypropylene material.Friction stir welding
Friction-stir welding is an advanced solid-state joining process (the metal is not melted) which involves the use of a third body tool to join two facing surfaces. Heat is generated between the tool and material which leads to a very soft region near the FSW tool. It then mechanically intermixes the two pieces of metal at the place of the joint, then the softened metal (due to the elevated temperature) can be joined using mechanical pressure (which is applied by the tool), much like joining clay, or dough. It is primarily used on aluminium, and most often on extruded aluminium (non-heat treatable alloys), and on structures which need superior weld strength without a post weld heat treatment.
It was invented and experimentally proven at The Welding Institute UK in December 1991.
Automotive Applications of Welding Technology – A Study
Welding is invariably used in the automotive industries for joining variety of structural
components and engine parts. The constant demand for new improved material requirement for
automotive applications necessitates the development of innovative joining techniques. In this paper, the
welding techniques commonly adapted in the automotive industries are discussed. Illustrative diagrams
and specific automotive applications are included in the paper. The novel technique of joining dissimilar
metals viz., magnetic pulse welding is also discussed. The latest update on medium frequency welding
method used by auto manufacturers is also presented with its technical and operational merits
Friction stir welding
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process (the metal is not melted) that uses a third body tool to join two facing surfaces.
Resistance welding
Resistance welding is a process that uses heat generated by an electric current passing through contacting workpieces to weld them together. Spot welding is commonly used in the automotive industry to join vehicle body parts. The main types of resistance welding are spot welding, seam welding, flash welding, projection welding, and upset welding.
Friction stir welding of high strength aluminium alloys
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on friction stir welding of high-strength aluminum alloys. It discusses friction stir welding techniques, properties of 7XXX and 2XXX aluminum alloys, applications of friction stir welding in aerospace and other industries, and challenges and opportunities for further research. Friction stir welding is described as a solid-state welding process that was invented in 1991 and provides advantages over conventional welding of aluminum, including fewer defects, no filler required, and improved mechanical properties of the welded joint. The presentation focuses on welding high-strength 7XXX and 2XXX aluminum alloys used in aerospace applications.
FSW of Aluminum Group 5
Friction Stir welding ( process , parameters , weld zones , microstructure , mechanical properties , Pros & cons , defects , Applications , apps in aerospace , Bobbing )
Friction stir welding (fsw)
Friction stir welding is a solid state joining technique invented in 1991 as an alternative to fusion welding. It involves a rotating cylindrical tool that is plunged into aluminum or other metal workpieces, generating frictional heat below the melting point and allowing material flow. Key parameters include tool design, rotation speed, travel speed, tilt, and plunge depth. Compared to fusion welding, FSW reduces defects, distortion, and hazards while improving mechanical properties. It has applications in shipbuilding, aerospace, transportation, and microfabrication.
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This document provides a summary of Joseph Jakowitz's qualifications and experience as a Network Engineer. It outlines his extensive technical skills and certifications in networking, systems administration, and information security. His experience includes roles as a Network Engineer, Network Operations Lead, Field Service Engineer, and System Administrator for various companies while stationed in Japan and providing support to U.S. military clients. He has a proven track record of maintaining network uptime, implementing improvements, and ensuring compliance with Department of Defense regulations.
Resume for Metering or Instrumentation Engineer
Jaydeep Patel is a metering engineer currently working for GAZPROM-IRAQ-Badrafield on payroll of Petrofac Offshore Projects & Operations. He has over 10 years of experience in instrumentation and controls. His responsibilities include supervision and maintenance of crude oil and gas metering systems. Previously he worked for Daniel Measurement Solutions and Gujarat State Petronet Ltd in various engineering roles involving commissioning of metering equipment. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Instrumentation and Controls engineering.
Spot welding
This document discusses mechanical properties of spot welded joints of ferrous alloy under static loads. It outlines objectives to study resistance spot welding of cold rolled mild steel sheets, perform experimental tests in a laboratory including tensile, hardness, and impact tests, numerically model the spot welding, and simulate the tests using Ansys software. The results will then be compared.
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF ALUMINUM COMPONENTS US...
Resistance Spot welding (RSW) is one of the common welding processes used for sheet joining especially in the automobile and aerospace industry. It is used in a wide range of industries but notably for the assembly of sheet steel vehicle bodies. This is a type of resistance welding where the spot welds are made at regular intervals on overlapping sheets of metal. Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that are normally up to 3 mm in thickness. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld-bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion.The objective of the research is to determine the optimum combination of parameters responsible for better quality of joints. The complicated behavior of the process must be analyzed to set the optimum parameters to get the optimum weld quality. The paper also presents the FEA simulation of the RSW process.
Thermal stress and surface integrity Modeling in Micro-EDM on Titanium alloy
This document discusses thermal stress and surface integrity modeling in micro-EDM on titanium alloy. It presents the objectives, methodology, literature review and work done so far on the topic. The objectives are to model thermal stress distribution considering temperature dependent properties using FVM and to analyze the machined surface. The literature review covers previous work on thermal modeling and stress analysis in EDM. The methodology involves heat transfer modeling using FVM and stress estimation based on temperature distribution. Work done includes problem formulation, heat flux modeling and developing a 2D stress modeling code.
Fatigue test comparison b/w LM6 Al and MMC of LM6 Al
Study of material fatigue behavior between LM6 grade Aluminum and Metal matrix composite of LM6 Aluminum and fly ash.
ijaerv10n68spl_104
This document summarizes research on friction welding of 4140 steel. Friction welding was used to join cylindrical rods of 4140 steel, which is a chrome-moly steel commonly used in automotive applications. Various welding parameters were tested, including friction pressure, upset pressure, and rotational speed. Tensile tests showed that specimens welded with higher upset pressures and lower differences between upset and friction pressures had higher tensile strengths. Analysis of variance identified upset pressure and friction pressure as significant factors influencing weld strength. The research demonstrated friction welding 4140 steel is feasible and can achieve joint properties comparable to the base metal without requiring post-weld heat treatment.
J021053057
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Welding Analysis By Simulation Software
It is the PPT based on welding Analysis By Simulation Software.
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Joining technologies of and aluminium spaceframes in automotive in kfueit rah...
Joining technologies of and aluminium spaceframes in automotive in kfueit rahim yar khan
Best Regards,
Tanvir Malik
Mechanical Engineers.
Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT),
Abhu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab,
Pakistan.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatment
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
Good and evil of tribological engineering surfaces
Inaugural lecture for Tomasz Liskiewicz, Professor of Tribology and Surface Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Faculty of Science and Engineering
M044048087
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fy2410811087
This document summarizes a study on the effect of process parameters on the strength of resistance spot welded aluminum alloy A5052 sheets with cover plates. The researchers welded 1mm thick aluminum alloy sheets using resistance spot welding with cold-rolled steel cover plates. They investigated the effect of welding current, time, and electrode force on nugget diameter, tensile-shear strength, and failure mode. Increasing welding current and time increased nugget diameter and strength, while increasing electrode force decreased nugget diameter and strength. Hardness was lowest in the nugget region compared to the base metal. Interfacial failure occurred for smaller nuggets and nugget pullout failure for larger nuggets
ME445_Final_Project_presentation
This document outlines a study investigating the effects of surface texture on steel plates sliding on soft tissues. It describes the objectives to reduce tissue damage caused by friction from sliding surgical instruments. The approach involved milling different surface textures into steel plates using a milling machine, with textures varying in cube size and channel size. Friction tests were then conducted by sliding the textured plates under a weighted block and measuring the frictional force. The results showed that increasing the channel size of the surface textures reduced both the adhesive force and dynamic friction. The discussion proposes ways to improve the machining process and testing setup for further studies.
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a promising solid state joining process widely used generally for Al alloys,
especially in aerospace, marine and automobile applications. In present work, the microstructure and corrosion
behavior of friction stir welded AA6101 T6 Al alloy is studied. The friction stir welding was carried using
vertical milling machine with different tool rotational speeds and welding speeds. The microstructure at weld
nugget or stir zone (SN), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal
were observed using optical microscopy. The corrosion tests of base alloy and welded joints were carried out in
3.5% NaCl solution at temperature of 30º C. Corrosion rate and emf were determined using cyclic polarization
measurement.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUTION OF FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINTS OF
This document summarizes an experimental evaluation of friction stir welded joints between dissimilar aluminum alloy plates. Key points:
- Friction stir welding was used to join AA6063 and AA6082 aluminum alloy plates using tools with and without TiAlN coating.
- Hardness tests and tensile tests were conducted on the welded joints. The welded joints produced using the coated tools showed higher ultimate tensile strength and hardness values compared to the uncoated tools.
- An optimal tool rotation speed of 1400 rpm and welding speed of 28 mm/min produced the highest weld strength. 2000 rpm and 28 mm/min produced the highest hardness values.
Experimental and Fe Analysis of Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint Structure
Arc welded structures are widely used in automobiles, constructions & power plants. As the main cause of weldment failure is design defect & overload, hence it is necessary to analyze the maximum stresses in the weldment. In this project experimentation is carried out on symmetrical and unsymmetrical eccentric loaded welded joint to determine the breaking stress in the weldment. The FE analysis & analytical estimation of breaking stress is also carried out to verify the experimental results. The stress distribution along weld size & throat thickness is evaluated and also compared with reported findings under same loading condition. Further eccentric loaded welded joint is analyzed under eccentric load by varying the gap between parent plates.
Fatigue and fracture behavior of additively manufactured metals after heat tr...
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is any of various processes of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
Unlike subtractive manufacturing methods that start with a solid block of material and then cut away the excess to create a finished part, additive manufacturing builds up a part (or features onto parts) layer by layer from geometry described in a 3D design model.
For many decades, AM processes have been used for rapid prototyping. Over the last few years, additive manufacturing has gained incredible interest in all industry facets: from aerospace applications to simple one-off consumer home builds. This technology has immense versatility and flexibility, due to its ability to create complex geometries with customizable material properties.
Discover how the additive manufacturing processing of metals makes it possible to design and build lightweight parts in real time and understand potential of heat treatments in vacuum for 3D printed parts.
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...
Abstract: In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time (Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
ANN Model Based Calculation of Tensile of Friction Surfaced Tool Steel
Friction surface treatment is well established solid technology and is used for deposition, abrasion and corrosion protection coatings on rigid materials. This novel process has wide range of industrial applications, particularly in the field of reclamation and repair of damaged and worn engineering components. In this paper, present the prediction of tensile of friction surface treated tool steel using ANN for simulated results of friction surface treatment. This experiment was carried out to obtain tool steel coatings of low carbon steel parts by changing input process parameters such as friction pressure, rotational speed and welding speed. The simulation is performed by a 33 factor design that takes into account the maximum and minimum limits of the experimental work performed by the 23 factor design. Neural network structures, such as the Feed Forward Neural Network FFNN , were used to predict tensile tool steel sediments caused by friction. V. Pitchi Raju "ANN Model Based Calculation of Tensile of Friction Surfaced Tool Steel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29169.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29169/ann-model-based-calculation-of-tensile-of-friction-surfaced-tool-steel/v-pitchi-raju
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A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF ALUMINUM COMPONENTS US...
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Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUTION OF FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINTS OF
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUTION OF FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINTS OF
Experimental and Fe Analysis of Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint Structure
Experimental and Fe Analysis of Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint Structure
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Fatigue and fracture behavior of additively manufactured metals after heat tr...
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
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- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
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- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
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- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
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Spot welding
- 1. Mechanical properties of spot welded joints of ferrous alloy under static loads CREATED BY: MINHAZUR RAHMAN ID: 1003065
- 2. Objectives: Studying resistance spot welding for SPCC (Cold Rolled Mild Steel Sheet). Performing different experimental tests facilitated in laboratory. Numerical modeling of the spot welding. Running simulation for the tests using Ansys software. Compare the results obtained.
- 3. Introduction: Resistance spot welding is a welding process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. The most common applications of spot welding are in the automobile manufacturing industry, orthodontist’s clinic, making battery cells etc. Resistance spot welding offers much cleaner and faster weld than other conventional welding process. This process is most preferable for welding sheets in 0.5 to 3mm thickness range.
- 4. Methodology: Specimen preparation: First a couple of test specimen of SPCC (say 200mm×50mm) has to be prepared. The specimen surface has to be as smooth as possible. Spot welding: After preparing the test specimen, Resistance spot welding has to be carried out.
- 5. Experiments: Tensile test Hardness test Impact test Numerical Modeling & Simulation: After conducting the experiments the next step is to create a model of the welding specimen. Then simulations need to be run for the similar test conducted in the experimental section.
- 6. Conclusion: Resistance spot welding is one of the widely used welding processes. It is mostly used to build automobile, aircraft and lots of other machine bodies. Hence, further study on this topic will be of a great advantage in the field of industrial manufacturing. References: www.wikipedia.org/wiki/spot_welding www.howstuffworks.com/spot_welding