Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document describes a study that used artificial neural networks to predict weld width in shielded metal arc welding under the influence of an external magnetic field. Experiments were conducted welding mild steel plates with varying current, voltage, welding speed, and magnetic field strength. 18 datasets were used to train a multi-layer feedforward neural network, and the remaining 7 datasets were used to validate the model's predictions. The neural network was able to predict weld width with less than 8% error compared to measured values, demonstrating its effectiveness at modeling the complex non-linear relationship between welding parameters and weld width.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of longitudinal weld pool oscillation (LWPO) on the tensile properties of mild steel welds. Mild steel plates were welded with varying frequencies (0-400 Hz) and amplitudes (0-30μm) of LWPO. Test specimens were tested and properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation and impact strength were determined. The results showed that properties like yield strength and ultimate tensile strength improved significantly with LWPO compared to stationary welds. The maximum 21.37% increase in yield strength and 20.87% increase in ultimate tensile strength occurred at 400Hz and 5μm oscillation. Microstructural analysis found that
IRJET- Experimental Investigation for Effect of Vibration on Mechanical Prope...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of vibration on the mechanical properties of Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) 2205 during Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. Nine experimental welds were conducted using parameters of welding current, torch tilt angle, and vibration motor speed based on Taguchi's design of experiments. Tensile strength and hardness were evaluated for each weld. Results showed that applying vibration during welding increased tensile strength and hardness compared to welding without vibration. The optimal parameters were a welding current of 80 amps, torch tilt angle of 90 degrees, and vibration motor speed of 1500 RPM, which produced a weld with the highest tensile strength of 855 MPa. In conclusion,
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of AA5052& AA6061 Aluminium Alloy by using T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061 using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters. AA5052 and AA6061 plates were welded using various tool rotational speeds, transverse feeds, and tilt angles. Tensile testing showed the highest strength of 211MPa occurred with a rotational speed of 700rpm, transverse feed of 110mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees. Taguchi analysis identified tilt angle as the most important parameter, with increased tilt angle improving tensile strength and elongation. Overall, friction stir welding was able to successfully join the dissimilar aluminum alloys.
IRJET - Analysis of Rivet Joint for Application of SubstationIRJET Journal
This document analyzes rivet joints for application in substations. It discusses performing tensile tests on different materials (brass, aluminum, mild steel, stainless steel) using a UTM machine. A 3D model was created in Creo and meshed in HyperMesh. LS-DYNA was used to simulate the model and find von Mises stresses for different rivet diameters. The optimal diameter and material were selected based on stresses remaining within permissible limits. Analysis found mild steel EN 14 and a 6.05mm diameter to be best suited for this application.
Effect of the welding process parameter in mmaw for joining of dissimilar metalsIAEME Publication
This document discusses optimizing welding parameters for joining dissimilar metals using manual metal arc welding and an artificial neural fuzzy interface system. Experimental results were analyzed using regression analysis to develop mathematical models relating welding current, voltage, speed, and electrode angle to weld strength and metal deposition rate. An artificial neural network was trained on the experimental data and used to predict the optimal parameters to achieve the highest weld strength. Validation experiments showed the artificial neural fuzzy interface system successfully optimized the welding parameters.
Finite element modeling and bending stress analysis of non standard spur geareSAT Journals
Abstract Gears are toothed wheels, transmitting power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Having a higher degree of reliability, compactness, high velocity ratio and finally able to transmit motion at a very low velocity, gears are gaining importance as the most efficient means for transmitting power. A gearing system is susceptible to problems such as interference, backlash and undercut. The contact portions of tooth profiles that are not conjugate is called interference. Furthermore due to interference and in the absence of undercut, the involute tip or face of the driven gear tends to dig out the non-involute flank of the driver. The response of a spur gear and its wear is an engineering problem that has not been completely overcome yet. With the perspective of overcoming such defects and for increase the efficiency of gearing system, the use of a non-standard spur gear i.e., an asymmetric spur gear having different pressure angles for drive and coast side of the tooth comes into picture. This paper emphasis on the generation of an asymmetric spur gear tooth using modeling software and bending stress at the root of Asymmetric spur gear tooth is estimated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software and results were compared with the standard spur gear tooth. Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Bending stress, Finite element method, Pressure angle
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document describes a study that used artificial neural networks to predict weld width in shielded metal arc welding under the influence of an external magnetic field. Experiments were conducted welding mild steel plates with varying current, voltage, welding speed, and magnetic field strength. 18 datasets were used to train a multi-layer feedforward neural network, and the remaining 7 datasets were used to validate the model's predictions. The neural network was able to predict weld width with less than 8% error compared to measured values, demonstrating its effectiveness at modeling the complex non-linear relationship between welding parameters and weld width.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of longitudinal weld pool oscillation (LWPO) on the tensile properties of mild steel welds. Mild steel plates were welded with varying frequencies (0-400 Hz) and amplitudes (0-30μm) of LWPO. Test specimens were tested and properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation and impact strength were determined. The results showed that properties like yield strength and ultimate tensile strength improved significantly with LWPO compared to stationary welds. The maximum 21.37% increase in yield strength and 20.87% increase in ultimate tensile strength occurred at 400Hz and 5μm oscillation. Microstructural analysis found that
IRJET- Experimental Investigation for Effect of Vibration on Mechanical Prope...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of vibration on the mechanical properties of Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) 2205 during Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. Nine experimental welds were conducted using parameters of welding current, torch tilt angle, and vibration motor speed based on Taguchi's design of experiments. Tensile strength and hardness were evaluated for each weld. Results showed that applying vibration during welding increased tensile strength and hardness compared to welding without vibration. The optimal parameters were a welding current of 80 amps, torch tilt angle of 90 degrees, and vibration motor speed of 1500 RPM, which produced a weld with the highest tensile strength of 855 MPa. In conclusion,
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of AA5052& AA6061 Aluminium Alloy by using T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061 using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters. AA5052 and AA6061 plates were welded using various tool rotational speeds, transverse feeds, and tilt angles. Tensile testing showed the highest strength of 211MPa occurred with a rotational speed of 700rpm, transverse feed of 110mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees. Taguchi analysis identified tilt angle as the most important parameter, with increased tilt angle improving tensile strength and elongation. Overall, friction stir welding was able to successfully join the dissimilar aluminum alloys.
IRJET - Analysis of Rivet Joint for Application of SubstationIRJET Journal
This document analyzes rivet joints for application in substations. It discusses performing tensile tests on different materials (brass, aluminum, mild steel, stainless steel) using a UTM machine. A 3D model was created in Creo and meshed in HyperMesh. LS-DYNA was used to simulate the model and find von Mises stresses for different rivet diameters. The optimal diameter and material were selected based on stresses remaining within permissible limits. Analysis found mild steel EN 14 and a 6.05mm diameter to be best suited for this application.
Effect of the welding process parameter in mmaw for joining of dissimilar metalsIAEME Publication
This document discusses optimizing welding parameters for joining dissimilar metals using manual metal arc welding and an artificial neural fuzzy interface system. Experimental results were analyzed using regression analysis to develop mathematical models relating welding current, voltage, speed, and electrode angle to weld strength and metal deposition rate. An artificial neural network was trained on the experimental data and used to predict the optimal parameters to achieve the highest weld strength. Validation experiments showed the artificial neural fuzzy interface system successfully optimized the welding parameters.
Finite element modeling and bending stress analysis of non standard spur geareSAT Journals
Abstract Gears are toothed wheels, transmitting power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Having a higher degree of reliability, compactness, high velocity ratio and finally able to transmit motion at a very low velocity, gears are gaining importance as the most efficient means for transmitting power. A gearing system is susceptible to problems such as interference, backlash and undercut. The contact portions of tooth profiles that are not conjugate is called interference. Furthermore due to interference and in the absence of undercut, the involute tip or face of the driven gear tends to dig out the non-involute flank of the driver. The response of a spur gear and its wear is an engineering problem that has not been completely overcome yet. With the perspective of overcoming such defects and for increase the efficiency of gearing system, the use of a non-standard spur gear i.e., an asymmetric spur gear having different pressure angles for drive and coast side of the tooth comes into picture. This paper emphasis on the generation of an asymmetric spur gear tooth using modeling software and bending stress at the root of Asymmetric spur gear tooth is estimated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software and results were compared with the standard spur gear tooth. Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Bending stress, Finite element method, Pressure angle
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes research on friction welding of 4140 steel. Friction welding was used to join cylindrical rods of 4140 steel, which is a chrome-moly steel commonly used in automotive applications. Various welding parameters were tested, including friction pressure, upset pressure, and rotational speed. Tensile tests showed that specimens welded with higher upset pressures and lower differences between upset and friction pressures had higher tensile strengths. Analysis of variance identified upset pressure and friction pressure as significant factors influencing weld strength. The research demonstrated friction welding 4140 steel is feasible and can achieve joint properties comparable to the base metal without requiring post-weld heat treatment.
Optimization of Machining Parameter for Surface Roughness on Wedm of En36 All...iosrjce
Machining of hard metal is difficult by conventional method to get high accuracy. Modern or non
conventional machining method are widely use now a days. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is
also a non conventional machining process which is mostly used. In machining of conductive materials by using
precisely controlled sparks that occur between a very thin wire and a work piece in the presence of a dielectric
fluid. The thin wire considered as a cutting tool. The aim of present study is to examine the effect of various
WEDM parameters on the surface roughness of EN36 alloy steel and to find out the set of parameters to
optimize the surface roughness of EN36. This study based on WEDM parameters like pulse on time, pulse off
time, peak current and voltage on surface roughness. In the present work we take thin brass wire (0.25mm) as
cutting tool. With the help of Taguchi method the experimental orthogonal array was designed and three levels
corresponding to each of the variables was taken. It is observed that current has the maximum effect and other
parameters have comparatively less effect during machining.
IRJET- Investigation of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Machining of Mild...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters for machining mild steel specimens using Taguchi methods. The parameters investigated are pulse-on time, pulse-off time, peak current, and servo voltage. The responses measured are cutting rate, surface roughness, dimensional deviation, and wire wear ratio. Experiments will be conducted on a WEDM machine to determine the optimal process parameters that maximize cutting rate while minimizing surface roughness, dimensional deviation, and wire wear.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document analyzes the fatigue behavior of two high-strength steels, HR590 and HR590DP. Low-cycle fatigue testing was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of each steel and quantify their strain-life relationships. The precipitation strengthened HR590 showed more resistance to plastic deformation than the dual phase HR590DP. Future work is recommended to further study dislocation behavior, establish high-cycle fatigue properties, and test notched specimens and full components under dynamic loading.
Theoretical and Software Based Comparison of Cantilever Beam: MODAL ANALYSISAM Publications
Modal analysis is a process of describing a structure in terms of its natural characteristics which are the
natural frequency and mode shape it's a dynamic property [1]. The change of modal characteristic directly provides force
excitation of structure condition based on change in frequency and mode shape of vibration. This paper presents results
of a theoretical modal analysis of beam made with different materials such as aluminium and mild steel. The beams
were excited assign impact hammer excitation frequency response functions (FRFS) were obtained using lab
view.(Signal Express). The FRFS were processed using signal express to identify the natural frequency and mode safe
of aluminium and mild steel beam.
Study of mechanical properties in mild steel using metal inert gas weldingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research paper published ijsrms_process optimization using doe_edm_javed muja...vishwajeet potdar
This document summarizes research on optimizing surface roughness in electric discharge machining (EDM) using design of experiments (DOE). It first provides background on EDM and discusses how surface roughness influences part life in die-mold applications. The document then reviews previous research optimizing EDM performance measures like material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness using Taguchi methods and analyzing the effects of parameters like discharge current and pulse duration. The goal of the current research is to use DOE to determine suitable levels for significant EDM input parameters to optimize the process for achieving a desired surface roughness value under given operating conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Finite Element Simulation and Experiment of Chip Formation Process during Hig...IDES Editor
As an advanced manufacturing technology which
has been developed rapidly in recent years, high speed
machining is widely applied in many industries. The chip
formation during high speed machining is a complicated
material deformation and removing process. In research area
of high speed machining, the prediction of chip morphology is
a hot and difficult topic. A finite element method based on the
software ABAOUS which involves Johnson-Cook material
model and fracture criterion was used to simulate the serrated
chip morphology and cutting force during high speed
machining of AISI 1045 hardened steel. The serrated chip
morphology and cutting force were observed and measured by
high speed machining experiment of AISI 1045 hardened steel.
The effects of rake angle on cutting force, sawtooth degree
and space between sawteeth were discussed. The investigation
indicates that the simulation results are consistent with the
experiments and this finite element simulation method
presented can be used to predict the chip morphology and
cutting force accurately during high speed machining of
hardened steel.
The document summarizes research on the effect of process parameters on performance measures in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of AISI A2 tool steel. It describes how WEDM works and the working principle. An experiment was conducted using a L27 orthogonal array to examine the effects of pulse on time, pulse off time, voltage, wire feed, and wire tension on material removal rate, surface roughness, kerf, and gap current. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the experimental data and develop graphs of residuals. The results provide information on optimizing WEDM performance for AISI A2 tool steel.
Torsional Fatigue Performance of Induction Hardened 1045 and 10V45 SteelsFluxtrol Inc.
Microalloying of medium carbon bar steels is a common
practice for a number of traditional components; however, use
of vanadium microalloyed steels is expanding into
applications beyond their original designed use as controlled
cooled forged and hot rolled products and into heat treated
components. As a result, there is uncertainty regarding the
influence of vanadium on the properties of heat treated
components, specifically the effect of rapid heat treating such
as induction hardening. In the current study, the torsional
fatigue behavior of hot rolled and scan induction hardened
1045 and 10V45 bars are examined and evaluated at effective
case depths of 25, 32, and 44% of the radius. Torsional fatigue
tests were conducted at a stress ratio of 0.1 and shear stress
amplitudes of 550, 600, and 650 MPa. Cycles to failure are
compared to an empirical model, which accounts for case
depth as well as carbon content.
Sheet Metal Welding Conference Detroit MichiganGajendra Tawade
This document summarizes research on developing robust spot welding processes for joining advanced high-strength steels used in automotive manufacturing. Spot welding tests were conducted on DP600 steel and HSLA 350 steel combinations. Different pulse types were used to widen the welding lobes and improve process flexibility. A novel two-pulse cycle removed zinc coating with the first pulse and controlled nugget growth with the second pulse at lower current, significantly increasing the welding lobe width. The research aims to enable increased use of advanced high-strength steels for building lighter, safer, and more fuel efficient vehicles.
Measurement of residual stresses in weldmentsN.Prakasan
The document discusses various techniques for measuring residual stresses in weldments. There are two main categories of techniques - stress relaxation techniques and diffraction techniques. Stress relaxation techniques like sectioning, drilling and hole-drilling determine residual stress by measuring strain release when material is removed. Diffraction techniques like X-ray and neutron diffraction measure strain in crystal lattices to determine stress. Ultrasonic techniques also measure wave velocity changes through materials under stress. Each technique has advantages and limitations for measuring surface, subsurface or internal residual stresses in welded structures.
Development and characterization of thin film nichrome strain gauge sensor fo...iaemedu
This document describes the development and characterization of a thin film nickel-chromium strain gauge sensor for load applications. Researchers designed and fabricated the strain gauge on a beryllium copper cantilever beam substrate using sputter deposition. They characterized the gauge's resistance change in response to applied loads and determined its gauge factor. Testing showed the strain gauge sensor responded linearly to deflection and mass loads up to 550 mg. The researchers concluded thin film nichrome strain gauges can be used in micro-machined load sensors.
Development and characterization of thin film nichrome strain gauge sensor fo...iaemedu
This document summarizes the development and characterization of a thin film nickel-chromium strain gauge sensor for load applications. Key steps included:
1. Designing and sputter depositing nickel-chromium strain gauges on a beryllium copper cantilever beam substrate. An insulating polymer layer was applied between the substrate and gauges.
2. Connecting the strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration to measure load by deflecting the cantilever beam end and recording resistance changes.
3. Analyzing the sensor parameters by measuring the linear fractional resistance changes of the strain gauges under different loads and determining their gauge factors.
Colombia perdió 2-1 contra Brasil en un partido con un arbitraje mediocre que privó al fútbol de dos de sus mejores exponentes, James Rodríguez y Neymar. A pesar de la eliminación, la selección colombiana mostró un fútbol bonito y dejó una gran impresión, logrando la mejor participación de Colombia en la historia de los mundiales y haciendo que todo el país se enorgulleciera.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
1. The document lists the names of 9 students in a group presenting on the topic of anarchy.
2. It provides two definitions of anarchy - a society without a publicly enforced government, and a situation where there is no government after a civil war has destroyed the existing government.
3. An example is given of anarchy in Somalia in 1991 after the fall of the Siad Barre regime, where the formal judicial system was destroyed but regional governments later rebuilt administration.
This document summarizes research on friction welding of 4140 steel. Friction welding was used to join cylindrical rods of 4140 steel, which is a chrome-moly steel commonly used in automotive applications. Various welding parameters were tested, including friction pressure, upset pressure, and rotational speed. Tensile tests showed that specimens welded with higher upset pressures and lower differences between upset and friction pressures had higher tensile strengths. Analysis of variance identified upset pressure and friction pressure as significant factors influencing weld strength. The research demonstrated friction welding 4140 steel is feasible and can achieve joint properties comparable to the base metal without requiring post-weld heat treatment.
Optimization of Machining Parameter for Surface Roughness on Wedm of En36 All...iosrjce
Machining of hard metal is difficult by conventional method to get high accuracy. Modern or non
conventional machining method are widely use now a days. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is
also a non conventional machining process which is mostly used. In machining of conductive materials by using
precisely controlled sparks that occur between a very thin wire and a work piece in the presence of a dielectric
fluid. The thin wire considered as a cutting tool. The aim of present study is to examine the effect of various
WEDM parameters on the surface roughness of EN36 alloy steel and to find out the set of parameters to
optimize the surface roughness of EN36. This study based on WEDM parameters like pulse on time, pulse off
time, peak current and voltage on surface roughness. In the present work we take thin brass wire (0.25mm) as
cutting tool. With the help of Taguchi method the experimental orthogonal array was designed and three levels
corresponding to each of the variables was taken. It is observed that current has the maximum effect and other
parameters have comparatively less effect during machining.
IRJET- Investigation of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Machining of Mild...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters for machining mild steel specimens using Taguchi methods. The parameters investigated are pulse-on time, pulse-off time, peak current, and servo voltage. The responses measured are cutting rate, surface roughness, dimensional deviation, and wire wear ratio. Experiments will be conducted on a WEDM machine to determine the optimal process parameters that maximize cutting rate while minimizing surface roughness, dimensional deviation, and wire wear.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document analyzes the fatigue behavior of two high-strength steels, HR590 and HR590DP. Low-cycle fatigue testing was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of each steel and quantify their strain-life relationships. The precipitation strengthened HR590 showed more resistance to plastic deformation than the dual phase HR590DP. Future work is recommended to further study dislocation behavior, establish high-cycle fatigue properties, and test notched specimens and full components under dynamic loading.
Theoretical and Software Based Comparison of Cantilever Beam: MODAL ANALYSISAM Publications
Modal analysis is a process of describing a structure in terms of its natural characteristics which are the
natural frequency and mode shape it's a dynamic property [1]. The change of modal characteristic directly provides force
excitation of structure condition based on change in frequency and mode shape of vibration. This paper presents results
of a theoretical modal analysis of beam made with different materials such as aluminium and mild steel. The beams
were excited assign impact hammer excitation frequency response functions (FRFS) were obtained using lab
view.(Signal Express). The FRFS were processed using signal express to identify the natural frequency and mode safe
of aluminium and mild steel beam.
Study of mechanical properties in mild steel using metal inert gas weldingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research paper published ijsrms_process optimization using doe_edm_javed muja...vishwajeet potdar
This document summarizes research on optimizing surface roughness in electric discharge machining (EDM) using design of experiments (DOE). It first provides background on EDM and discusses how surface roughness influences part life in die-mold applications. The document then reviews previous research optimizing EDM performance measures like material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness using Taguchi methods and analyzing the effects of parameters like discharge current and pulse duration. The goal of the current research is to use DOE to determine suitable levels for significant EDM input parameters to optimize the process for achieving a desired surface roughness value under given operating conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Finite Element Simulation and Experiment of Chip Formation Process during Hig...IDES Editor
As an advanced manufacturing technology which
has been developed rapidly in recent years, high speed
machining is widely applied in many industries. The chip
formation during high speed machining is a complicated
material deformation and removing process. In research area
of high speed machining, the prediction of chip morphology is
a hot and difficult topic. A finite element method based on the
software ABAOUS which involves Johnson-Cook material
model and fracture criterion was used to simulate the serrated
chip morphology and cutting force during high speed
machining of AISI 1045 hardened steel. The serrated chip
morphology and cutting force were observed and measured by
high speed machining experiment of AISI 1045 hardened steel.
The effects of rake angle on cutting force, sawtooth degree
and space between sawteeth were discussed. The investigation
indicates that the simulation results are consistent with the
experiments and this finite element simulation method
presented can be used to predict the chip morphology and
cutting force accurately during high speed machining of
hardened steel.
The document summarizes research on the effect of process parameters on performance measures in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of AISI A2 tool steel. It describes how WEDM works and the working principle. An experiment was conducted using a L27 orthogonal array to examine the effects of pulse on time, pulse off time, voltage, wire feed, and wire tension on material removal rate, surface roughness, kerf, and gap current. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the experimental data and develop graphs of residuals. The results provide information on optimizing WEDM performance for AISI A2 tool steel.
Torsional Fatigue Performance of Induction Hardened 1045 and 10V45 SteelsFluxtrol Inc.
Microalloying of medium carbon bar steels is a common
practice for a number of traditional components; however, use
of vanadium microalloyed steels is expanding into
applications beyond their original designed use as controlled
cooled forged and hot rolled products and into heat treated
components. As a result, there is uncertainty regarding the
influence of vanadium on the properties of heat treated
components, specifically the effect of rapid heat treating such
as induction hardening. In the current study, the torsional
fatigue behavior of hot rolled and scan induction hardened
1045 and 10V45 bars are examined and evaluated at effective
case depths of 25, 32, and 44% of the radius. Torsional fatigue
tests were conducted at a stress ratio of 0.1 and shear stress
amplitudes of 550, 600, and 650 MPa. Cycles to failure are
compared to an empirical model, which accounts for case
depth as well as carbon content.
Sheet Metal Welding Conference Detroit MichiganGajendra Tawade
This document summarizes research on developing robust spot welding processes for joining advanced high-strength steels used in automotive manufacturing. Spot welding tests were conducted on DP600 steel and HSLA 350 steel combinations. Different pulse types were used to widen the welding lobes and improve process flexibility. A novel two-pulse cycle removed zinc coating with the first pulse and controlled nugget growth with the second pulse at lower current, significantly increasing the welding lobe width. The research aims to enable increased use of advanced high-strength steels for building lighter, safer, and more fuel efficient vehicles.
Measurement of residual stresses in weldmentsN.Prakasan
The document discusses various techniques for measuring residual stresses in weldments. There are two main categories of techniques - stress relaxation techniques and diffraction techniques. Stress relaxation techniques like sectioning, drilling and hole-drilling determine residual stress by measuring strain release when material is removed. Diffraction techniques like X-ray and neutron diffraction measure strain in crystal lattices to determine stress. Ultrasonic techniques also measure wave velocity changes through materials under stress. Each technique has advantages and limitations for measuring surface, subsurface or internal residual stresses in welded structures.
Development and characterization of thin film nichrome strain gauge sensor fo...iaemedu
This document describes the development and characterization of a thin film nickel-chromium strain gauge sensor for load applications. Researchers designed and fabricated the strain gauge on a beryllium copper cantilever beam substrate using sputter deposition. They characterized the gauge's resistance change in response to applied loads and determined its gauge factor. Testing showed the strain gauge sensor responded linearly to deflection and mass loads up to 550 mg. The researchers concluded thin film nichrome strain gauges can be used in micro-machined load sensors.
Development and characterization of thin film nichrome strain gauge sensor fo...iaemedu
This document summarizes the development and characterization of a thin film nickel-chromium strain gauge sensor for load applications. Key steps included:
1. Designing and sputter depositing nickel-chromium strain gauges on a beryllium copper cantilever beam substrate. An insulating polymer layer was applied between the substrate and gauges.
2. Connecting the strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration to measure load by deflecting the cantilever beam end and recording resistance changes.
3. Analyzing the sensor parameters by measuring the linear fractional resistance changes of the strain gauges under different loads and determining their gauge factors.
Colombia perdió 2-1 contra Brasil en un partido con un arbitraje mediocre que privó al fútbol de dos de sus mejores exponentes, James Rodríguez y Neymar. A pesar de la eliminación, la selección colombiana mostró un fútbol bonito y dejó una gran impresión, logrando la mejor participación de Colombia en la historia de los mundiales y haciendo que todo el país se enorgulleciera.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
1. The document lists the names of 9 students in a group presenting on the topic of anarchy.
2. It provides two definitions of anarchy - a society without a publicly enforced government, and a situation where there is no government after a civil war has destroyed the existing government.
3. An example is given of anarchy in Somalia in 1991 after the fall of the Siad Barre regime, where the formal judicial system was destroyed but regional governments later rebuilt administration.
The document discusses several narrative theories:
- Todorov's narrative theory describes a cycle of equilibrium being disrupted, disequilibrium, and attempts to restore equilibrium.
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OPTIMIZATION OF WELD BEAD GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS FOR BEAD ON PLATE SUBMERGED ...
J021053057
1. RESEARCH INVENTY: International Journal of Engineering and Science
ISBN: 2319-6483, ISSN: 2278-4721, Vol. 2, Issue 1
(January 2013), PP 53-57
www.researchinventy.com
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Analyze and Predict
the Tensile Strength of Shielded Metal Arc Welded Joints under
the Influence of External Magnetic Field
1
R.P. Singh, 2R.C. Gupta and 3S.C. Sarkar
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, I.E.T., G.L.A. University Mathura, (U.P.)
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, I.E.T., Lucknow, (U.P)
3
Mechanical Engineering Departments, Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarahat, (Uttarakhand)
Abstract - The present study is concerned with the e ffect of welding current, voltage, welding speed and
external magnetic field on tensile strength of shielded metal arc welded mild steel joints. Mild steel plates of 6
mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Speed of weld was
provided by cross slide of a lathe, external magnetic field was obtained by bar magnets. Tensile strength of the
joint fabricated by E-6013 electrodes as filler metals was evaluated and the results were reported. From this
investigation, it was found that the joints fabricated have increased tensile strength if either speed of weld or
external magnetic field was increased and this mechanical property decreased if either voltage or current was
increased. An artificial neural network technique was used to predict the tensile strength of weld for the given
welding parameters after training the network.
Keywords - Shielded metal arc welding, tensile properties, back propagation, artificial neural network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Welding is one of the most important and versatile means of fabricat ion availab le fo r industries. It is
used to join thousands of different commercial alloys in many different required shapes and sizes. In fact, many
products could not even be made without the use of welding, for examp le, guided missiles, nuclear power
plants, jet aircraft, pressure vessels, chemical processing equipment, transportation vehicle etc. Many of the
problems wh ich are inherent to welding can be avoided by proper consideration of the particular characte ristics
and requirements of the process. Correct design of the joint is critical. Select ion of the particular process
requires an understanding of the large number of available options, the variety of possible joint configurations,
and the numerous variables that must be specified for each operation. If the potential benefits of welding are to
be achieved and harmful side effects are to be avoided, proper consideration should be given to the selection of
the process and the design of the joint. The quality of a weld joint is strongly influenced by different process
parameters during the welding process. In order to achieve high quality welds a good selection of the process
variables should be utilized, which in turn results in optimizing the bead geometry. In this study an attempt is
made to investigate the effect of welding parameters on tensile strength of the welded joint. With this objective,
several test specimens were welded with varying weld ing speed, current, voltage and external magnetic field
[1]. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a metal jo ining technique in which the joint is produced by heating
the work piece with an electric arc set up between a flu x coated electrode and the work p iece. The advantages of
this method are that it is the simplest of the all arc welding processes. The equipment is often small in size and
can be easily shifted fro m one place to the other [2]. Cost of the equipment is also low. This process is used for
numerous applications because of the availability of a wide var iety of electrodes which makes it possible to
weld a number of metals and their alloys. The welding of the joints may be carried out in any position with
highest weld quality by this process. Both alternating and direct current power sources could be used
effectively. Power sources for this type of welding could be plugged into domestic single phase electric supply,
which makes it popular with fabrications of smaller sizes. However, non equilib riu m heating and cooling of the
weld pool can produce micro structural changes which may greatly affect mechanical properties of weld metal
[3]. M ild steel is perhaps the most popular steel used in the fabrication industry for constructing several daily
used items due to its good strength, hardness and moderate to low temperature notch toughness characteristics.
In these applications, it is important to form strong joints that allow efficient load transfer between the different
components and welding is, generally, the preferred join ing method [4]. Good weld design and selection of
appropriate and optimu m co mbinations of welding parameters are imperative for producing high quality weld
joints with the desired tensile strength. Understanding the correlation between the process parameters and
mechanical properties is a precondition for obtaining high productivity and reliability of the welded joints.
53
2. Application of Artificial Neural Network to Analyze and…
Although mild steel is widely used in the industry for many applications requiring good strength, hardness and
toughness, there is not much informat ion in the open literatu re about variations in its tensile, hardness and
impact properties with changing heat input or other performance-altering welding parameters. The purpose of
this work was to determine the effect o f travel speed, welding voltage, current and external magnet ic field on the
tensile strength of mild steel welded joints prepared using the SMAW process. This study will improve the
current understanding of the effect of heat input, speed of welding and external magnetic field on the tensile
strength of this versatile structural steel [5]. Back propagation artificial neural network having one input layer,
one output layer and two hidden layers was used to predict the tensile strength of weld. At first this network was
trained with the help of 18 sets of data having input welding parameters (current, voltage, speed of weld and
external magnetic field) and output mechanical property (tensile strength) of the weld, which were obtained with
the help of corresponding welding and different tests. After this the trained art ificial neural network could be
used to predict the tensile strength of weld for given sets of input welding parameters [6]. In this way the desired
mechanical properties of the weld could be obtained by applying needed input welding parameters.
II. EXPERIMENTATION
The mild steel plates of 6 mm thickness were cut into the required dimension (150 mm×50 mm) by
oxy-fuel cutting and grinding. The init ial joint configuration was obtained by securing the plates in position
using tack weld ing. Single ‘V’ butt joint configuration was used to fabricate the joints using shielded metal arc
weld ing process. All the necessary cares were taken to avoid the joint distortion and the joints were made with
applying clamp ing fixtures. The specimens for testing were sectioned to the require d size fro m the joint
comprising weld metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal reg ions and were polished using different
grades of emery papers. Final polishing was done using the diamond co mpound (1µm part icle size) in the disc
polishing mach ine. The specimens were etched with 5 ml hydrochloric acid, 1 g picric acid and 100 ml
methanol applied for 10–15 s. The welded joints were sliced using power hacksaw and then machined to the
required dimensions (100 mm x 10mm) for preparing tensile tests. The un-notched smooth tensile specimens
were prepared to evaluate transverse tensile properties of the joints such as yield strength and tensile strength.
The gripping of tensile specimens on universal testing machine was made easy by welding the both ends of
specimens with circular rods. Tensile test was conducted with a 40 ton electro -mechanical controlled universal
testing machine. Since the plate thickness was small, sub-size specimens were p repared [7].
1. Multi- meter 2. Battery Eliminator 3. Electric Board 4. Gauss Meter
5. Table 6. Measuring Prob 7. Transformer Welding Set
8. Clamp meter 9. Tail Stock 10. Sleeve 11. Link (Wood)
12. Solenoid 13. Tool post 14. Iron sheet 15. Workpiece
16. Electrode 17. Electrode Holder 18. Metal Strip Connected with head stock
19. Head stock 20. Connecting Wires
Fig. No. 1 Wel ding Set-up (Line Diagram)
54
3. Application of Artificial Neural Network to Analyze and…
Table 1: Data for Traini ng and Prediction
Serial Current (A) Voltage (V) Welding S peed Magnetic Field Tens. Strength.
Number (mm/min) (Gauss) (MPa)
Data for 1 90 24 40 0 266
Training 2 90 24 40 20 266
3 90 24 40 40 266
4 90 24 40 60 268
5 90 24 40 80 272
6 95 20 60 60 284
7 95 21 60 60 282
8 95 22 60 60 280
9 95 23 60 60 278
10 95 24 60 60 276
11 100 22 40 40 254
12 100 22 60 40 258
13 100 22 80 40 262
14 90 20 80 20 282
15 95 20 80 20 280
16 100 20 80 20 278
17 105 20 80 20 274
18 110 20 80 20 272
Data for 1 90 23 40 0 268
Prediction 2 95 22 60 40 278
3 95 21 80 60 284
4 100 24 40 40 252
5 105 21 60 40 272
6 105 22 60 20 270
7 110 21 60 20 270
Table 2: Measured and Predicted Val ues with percentage Error
S.N. Current (A) Voltage (V) Welding Speed Magnetic Tensile Strength Tensile Error in Tensile
(mm/min) Field (Gauss) (MPa) Strength Strength %
Measured (MPa)) age
Predicted
1 90 23 40 0 268 274.5 2.43
2 95 22 60 40 278 275.2 -1.01
3 95 21 80 60 284 276.1 -2.78
4 100 24 40 40 252 273.3 8.45
5 105 21 60 40 272 274.1 0.77
6 105 22 60 20 270 273.3 1.22
7 110 21 60 20 270 273.6 1.33
III. RES ULTS
A. Tensile property
Transverse tensile property of the jo ints was evaluated. The specimens were tested, and the results were
presented in table 1. The yield strength and tensile strength of unwelded base metal were measured as 359 and
524 M Pa, respectively. But the yield strength and tensile strength of mild steel (fabricated using E-6013, rutile
electrode filler metal) joints were reduced by about 50% in both the cases. The tensile strength of the welded
joints was unaffected if the magnetic field was changed from 0 to 20 gauss or fro m 20 to 40 gauss. If the field
was increased fro m 40 gauss to 60 gauss, the tensile strength increased fro m 266 M Pa to 268 M Pa. and if it
was increased fro m 60 gauss to 80 gauss, the tensile strength increased from 268 M Pa to 272 M Pa. If the speed
of welding was increased from 40 mm/ min to 60 mm/ min, the tensile strength increased from 254 M Pa to 258
M Pa and if it was increased fro m 60 mm/ min to 80 mm/ min, the tensile strength of the weld increased fro m 258
M Pa to 262 M Pa. The effect of voltage was adverse for tensile strength i.e. if voltag e was increased from 20 V
to 24 V, the tensile strength decreased continuously from 284 M Pa to 276 M Pa. The increment in current also
decreased the tensile strength for all the investigated values. If the current was increased fro m 90 A to 110 A the
tensile strength decreased from 282 M Pa to 272 M Pa. The variat ion of tensile properties with magnetic field,
voltage, weld ing speed and current were shown in figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
55
4. Application of Artificial Neural Network to Analyze and…
Fig. No. 2 Tensile Strength vs Mag netic Fiel d Fig. No. 3 Tensile Strength vs Voltage
Fig. No. 4 Tensile Strength vs Wel ding S peed Fig. No. 5 Tensile Strength vs Current
B. PREDICTION MADE BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL N ETWO RK
Fro m the table 2, it is clear that the prediction made by artificial neural network is almost the real
value. The maximu m positive and negative percentage errors in prediction tensile strength values are 8.45 and
2.78 respectively. The other predictions are in between the above ranges and henc e are very close to the
practical values, which indicate the super predicting capacity of the artificial neural network model.
I/P Hidden
Layer Hidden O/P
Layer Layer Layer
Current
Voltage
Tensile Strength
Travel speed
Magnetic field
Fig. No. 6, 4-5-5-1 ANN Diagram
56
5. Application of Artificial Neural Network to Analyze and…
IV. DIS CUSS ION
In this investigation, an attempt was made to find out the best set of values of current, voltage, speed of
weld ing and external magnetic field to produce the best quality of weld in respect of tensile strength. Shielded
metal arc welding is a universally used process for joining several metals. Generally in this process speed of
weld ing and feed rate of electrode both are controlled manually but in the present work the speed of welding
was controlled with the help of cross slide of a lathe machine hence only feed rate of electrode was controlled
manually wh ich ensures better weld quality [8]. In the present work external magnetic field was utilized to
distribute the electrode metal and heat produced to larger area of weld which improves several mechanical
properties of the weld. The welding process is a very complicated process in which no mathemat ical accurate
relationship among different parameters can be developed. In present work back propagation artificial neural
network was used efficiently in which random weights were assigned to co -relate different parameters which
were rectified during several iterations of training [9]. Finally the improved weights were used for prediction
which provided the results very near to the experimental values.
V. CONCLUS IONS
Based on the experimental work and the neural network modeling the following conclusions are drawn:
(1) A strong joint of mild steel is found to be produced in this work by using the SMAW technique.
(2) If amperage is increased, tensile strength of weld generally decreases.
(3) If voltage of the arc is increased, tensile strength of weld decreases.
(4) If travel speed is increased, tensile strength of weld generally increases.
(5) If magnetic field is increased, tensile strength of weld generally increases.
(6) Artificial neural networks based approaches can be used successfully for predicting the output parame ters
like tensile strength of weld as shown in table 2. However the error is rather high as in some cases in predicting
hardness and tensile strength it is more than 8 percent. Increasing the number of hidden layers and iterations can
minimize this error.
REFERENCES
[1] A. K. Hussain, Influence Of Welding Speed On T ensile Strength Of Welded Joint In Tig Welding Process, International Journal
Of Applied Engineering Research, Dindigul Volume 1, No 3, 2010.
[2] J. Hak Pak, Modeling Of Impact Toughness Of Weld Metals, Master Of Engineering Thesis, Pohang University Of Science And
Technology, Pohang, Korea, 2007.
[3] R.S. Parmar, Welding Engineering And Technology, (Ed. 1st Delhi :Khanna Publishers, 1997).
[4] American Welding Society, Welding Hand Book, (Vol. 2, Welding Processes, Eighth Edition, 1991).
[5] D. G. Karalis, V. J. Papazoglou, And D. I. Pantelis, Mechanical Response Of Thin Smaw Arc Welded Structures: Experimental And
Numerical Investigation, Theoretical And Applied Fracture Mechanics, 51 (2009), Pp. 87-94, Elsevier.
[6] V. Rao, C++ Neural Networks And Fuzzy Logic (First Indian Edition :Bpb Publications, 1996).
[7] R.P. Singh, R.C. Gupta And S. C. Sarkar, Prediction Of Weld Bead Geometry In Shielded Metal Arc Welding Under External
Magnetic Field Using Artificial Neural Networks, International Journal Of Manufacturing Technology And Research, Vol. 8
Number 1, Pp. 9-15, 2012.
[8] M. I. Khan, Welding Science And Technology (Pvt. Limited Publishers : New Age International, 2007).
[9] R.P. Singh, R.C. Gupta And S. C. Sarkar, Application Of Artificial Neural Network To Analyze And Predict The Mechanical
Properties Of Shielded Metal Arc Welded Joints Under The Influence Of Ext ernal Magnetic Field, International Journal Of
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