This document discusses the importance of sports vision and the role of optometrists in evaluating various visual skills needed for athletes. It outlines how optometrists can test visual acuity, depth perception, eye tracking, hand-eye coordination and more. The document also describes various vision training techniques and devices that can help improve these skills. Maintaining good ocular health and using protective eyewear can help prevent sports-related eye injuries.

1. SPORTS VISION
RAIN HEALTH CARE

2. INTRODUCTION
 Sports vision tests and training help athletes determine how well their eyes
perform.
 Vision plays an important role in case of sports person

3. ROLE OF OPTOMETRIST IN SPORTS VISION
 Correction of refractive errors
 Eye protection
 Visual training
 Assessment and management of functional vision inefficiencies Specialized
CL services- position of gaze factors, emergency, and Visual acuity
• Ophthalmic eye wear services
 Assessment of sports related visual abilities
 Training on enhanced visual abilities
 Prevention and management of sports eye injuries

4. IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS VISION
1. Dynamic Visual Acuity
2. Peripheral Vision
3. Depth Perception
4. Eye Tracking
5. Eye-Hand-Body Coordination
6. Visualization
7. Visual Concentration

5. DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY
 If you are playing a sport like Football, tennis or hockey, you
need to be able to clearly see objects while you and/or the
objects are moving fast.
 Without good dynamic visual acuity, you will have a difficult
time in sports like these.

6. PERIPHERAL VISION
 Peripheral vision becomes very important, particularly in sport.
... Peripheral vision is stressed in basketball because
awareness of motion to the side or above allows the eyes and
the athlete to react to more game events.

7. DEPTH PERCEPTION
 In racket sports, depth perception enables you to quickly and
accurately judge the distance between yourself, the ball, your
opponents, teammates, boundary lines and other objects.
 If you consistently over- or underestimate the distance to your
target, poor depth perception may be the reason.

8. EYE TRACKING
 It is important with any sport that involves a fast-moving ball.
 Example------ Baseball, Cricket, Football, Volleyball etc.

9. EYE-HAND-BODY COORDINATION
 Eye-hand-body coordination is how your hands, feet and body
and other muscles respond to the information gathered through
your eyes. It is an important part of most sports because it
affects both timing and body control.

10. VISUALIZATION
 Sports vision training involves the entire body,
especially visualization, which is an element of psychology.
 Visualization helps the sportsman or sportswoman attain their
maximum potential and improves their confidence. When you
can mentally see yourself accomplishing a task, it increases
your rate of success.

11. VISUAL CONCENTRATION
 Visual concentration is the ability to screen out these
distractions and stay focused on the object or the target.

12. REQUIRMENTS FOR SPORTS PERSONS
 General ocular health
 Visual acuity ------- 1. Static ( low demand, medium demand, high demand)
2. Dynamic (target or observer is moving)
 Contrast sensitivity
 Stereopsis
 Accommodation
 Eye movements ---------------
Saccades/ pursuits/ vergence / Vestibulo-ocular movements
 Visual motor responses
 Eye hand- eye leg coordination
 Central-peripheral awareness
 Visualization

13. GENERAL OCULAR HEALTH
 With the help of slit-lamp check the anterior & posterior part of the eye
properly.
 With the help of ophthalmoscope check the macula and optic disk.

14. VISUAL ACUITY {STATIC}
 Static visual acuity, the common measure of visual acuity by
the help of Snellen chart & log MAR chart

15. CONTRAST SENSITIVITY
 Contrast sensitivity can be used to measure the visual performance impact of
residual astigmatism in an athlete when acuity shows little effect.
The contrast sensitivity of athletes can be particularly important in
low contrast situations or when the athlete has difficulty discriminating
objects from the background.
 PELLI-ROVSON CHART
 AILEY LOVIE CHART
 CAMBRIDGE LOW CONTRAST GRATINGS-ARDEN
 REGANS CHART
 FACT CHART

16. VISUAL ACUITY {Dynamic}
 Dynamic visual acuity refers to how your eyes process information when you
are in motion and/or when objects around you are in motion. In baseball,
better hitters can see the ball better.
 ROTATION PEG BOARD-------
Visual resolution training
Dynamic visual acuity assessments
Eye hand coordination
Training for oculomotor pursuit movement

17. STEREOPSIS
 stereopsis performance in sports which require rapid and accuracy
visuomotor function.
 They observed, among others, that the mean distance contour stereo acuity
of archers was worse than of soccer, softball and speed-skating athletes.

18. ACCOMMODATION
 Eye focusing (also known as accommodation) refers to the strength,
flexibility, and accuracy of the eye focusing system.
 Accommodative skills allow the athlete to keep objects in focus as well as
quickly change focus during the game.
 Improving peripheral vision gives the athlete a wider view of the field.
 TEST------
NRA, PRA & NPA

19. EYE MOVEMENTS
1. Saccades
2. Pursuits
3. Vergence
4. Vestibulo-ocular movements

20. SACCADES
 Jerky movements of eyes
 Accurate spatial integration. Accurate reaction times, essential
for vision tracking and location.
 Accurate rapid eye-hand coordination, which is essential for optimal sports
vision.

21. PURSUIT
 To follow a slowly moving object travelling in a consistent
direction according to clockwise or anti-clockwise.
 Conjugate movements of eyes in pursuits is lesser than 45
degrees/second.
 KING-DEVICK TEST SHEETS-----Eye tracking and oculomotor skills

22. VERGENCE
 Through the prism bar fusional vergence.
 Test using BI and BO prisms

23. VESTIBULO-OCULAR MOVEMENTS
 vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) aims at stabilizing vision by generating eye
movements precisely compensating for head rotation.

24. VISUAL MOTOR RESPONSE
 There are many situations in sport that require the athletes to make specific and
appropriate motor responses to a certain visual stimuli.
 Sports vision assessment- Eye hand, eye-foot and overall eye body
coordination.

25. EYE HAND COORDINATION
 Role of sports vision and eye hand coordination training in performance of table
tennis players.
 Successful performance in interceptive tasks depends upon the acquisition
of visual information about the approaching object.
 EX--- WAYNE SACCADIC FIXATOR

26. EYE BODY COORDINATION
 How your hands , feet, body and other muscles responds to the information
gathered through your eyes.
 Sports vision training works on improving the visual abilities of an athlete that
are necessary to excel in their sport.
 These visual skills include: ... Eye-Hand or Eye-Body Coordination: the ability to
use our eyes to effectively direct the movements of our hands/body.
 EX- 1. BALANCE BOARD TESTING USING THE WAYNE SACCADIC FIXATOR
2. THE BASSINANTICIPATION TIMER

27. THE BASSINANTICIPATION TIMER

28. CENTRAL-PERIPHERAL AWARNESS
 Sports vision training works on improving the visual abilities of an athlete that
are most necessary for excellence in their sport. Some of these abilities
include eye-hand coordination, dynamic visual acuity, tracking, focusing, visual
reaction time, and peripheral vision.
 WPAT---
 Test peripheral awareness and reaction time in eight field locations.
 Display the actual reaction time in hundredths of a second for each target
light position.
 Train peripheral awareness by forcing the user to centrally fixate while
simultaneously responding to a peripheral target light.
 Adjust stimulus speed automatically to match the user's proficiency.

29. VISUALIZATION
 Sports vision training involves the entire body, especially visualization,
which is an element of psychology. Visualization helps the sportsman or
sportswoman attain their maximum potential and improves their confidence.
When you can mentally see yourself accomplishing a task, it increases your
rate of success.

30. NEEDS FOR SUCCESSFUL PLAYER
1. Clear, stable vision.
2. Peripheral awareness
3. Image size accuracy; and perceptual accuracy.
4. Quick accurate depth perception
5. Measure distances demand visual stability under dynamic conditions.
6. Focus flexibility.
7. Smooth and rapid accommodative and vergence facility.

31. VISION ENHANCEMENT OF SPORTS
PERSONS
1. Refractive correction
2. Sports vision task analysis
3. Visual skill—
Visual acuity/ Dynamic visual acuity/ accommodation/ binocular
vision/ vergence
4. Other skills of sports person--------- Eye-hand coordination/ Eye-body
coordination/ Peripheral vision.
Illumination of light also help in the sports vision.

32. SPORTS INJURIES
 loss of vision
 intense pain
 blood in your eye
 pus or fluid coming from your eye
 cut on your eye, eyelid, or area around your eye
 object in your eye
 an eye that is swollen shut.

33. HOW TO KEEP AWAY FROM SPORTS
INJURY
 USING POLYCARBONATE LENS.
 PROTECTIVE SPORTS EYEWEAR
 TINTED GLASS

34. SPORTS VISION TRAINING
 Sports vision training works on improving the visual abilities of an athlete
that are most necessary for excellence in their sport. Some of these abilities
include eye-hand coordination, dynamic visual acuity, tracking, focusing,
visual reaction time, and peripheral vision.
 If depth perception is only a problem in one eye, your optometrist may
recommend eye patching. The dominant eye will be patched to help
strengthen and increase depth perception in your weaker eye.

35. SPORTS VISION AIDS
 Contact lens
 Sports eyewear for teens and young athletes
 Sunglass lens
 Tinted glasses
 Swimming glass

36. THERAPIES FOR SPORTS VISION
 Eye hand coordination- WAYNE SACCADIC FIXATOR
 Eye-body coordination- THE BASSINANTICIPATION TIMER
 Dynamic visual acuity- ROTATIONAL PEG BOARD
 MARSDEN BALL
 Stereopsis
 Accommodative exercise

37. THANK YOU
 REFERENCE --https://www.google.com/