This presentation include what are the pre-assessment required for fitting Contact lens in children and process of insertion and removal with a small knowledge about different lens that we can use for pediatric Contact lens
This presentation include what are the pre-assessment required for fitting Contact lens in children and process of insertion and removal with a small knowledge about different lens that we can use for pediatric Contact lens
Care and maintenance of soft contact lensesAmrit Pokharel
The presentation I have made and uploaded provides you with an in-depth insight into the care and maintenance aspects of soft contact lens wear and use.
The author does not assume responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
No copyright infringement, or plagiarism intended.
Amrit Pokharel
Different Types and Brands In Contact Lens Solutionlenspick
Contact Lens solution is used to fight against germs, clean lenses and to remove irritating protein deposits on the lens material. They are helpful to protect the health of the eyes. Here is a PPT that shows you different branded types of contact lens solution.
Usage of contact lenses has increased markedly in the last few years .. for cosmetic or medical reason with some serious complications, here we focused on acanthamoeba as a great danger to contact lens wearer.
Presentation given at SPE section meeting held at Hennepin Technical College March 29, 2016. Covers why injection molding training is so important, best practices for injection molding training and case studies from Paulson injection molding customers and scientific molding training
My presentation on resin transfer molding. Not much description included. For reference i would recommend
" Composite manufacturing by Sanjay Mazumdar".
Blow Molding Process on Manufacturing Technology .
Tackles about the definition of Blow molding process, its various types , advantages and disadvantages and the application of it on a manufacturing set-up.
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. For Ease Of Manufacturing
The contact lens material should be,
Be homogeneous
Have consistent mechanical properties
Be stress-free and dimensionally stable
Be durable and resist local heating
Be easy to polish
Have predictable hydration characteristics
5. Lathing
Advantages
• Established technology
• Simple
• Wide range of
parameters
• Suits most materials
• Relatively economic to
start production
Disadvantages
• Complex designs
difficult
• Labor intensive
• High cost per lens
• Variable surface finish
• Relatively slow
• Volume production
difficult
6. Cast molding
Monomers are mixed and poured into a mold
Tightly controlled temperatures
Lens material is heated or cured to produce a mobile phase
Liquid monomer is injected into
front mold ( ‘female mold’)
Back mold is clamped (‘male
mold’)
UV light- polymerization
7. Molding
Advantages
• Low cost per lens
• Rapid
• Volume production easy
• Good surface quality
• Good reproducibility
• Complex designs
possible
Disadvantages
• Expensive to start
production
• Expense limits
parameter range
• Not all materials suitable
• Essentially for stock
lenses only
8. Spin-casting
Developed by Otto Wichterle
Concave mold- monomer
solution, cross linking agent and initiator
An open backed mold is spun as a small centrifuge
Shaping of the lens during spinning
Mold defines the front surface of the lens
Rotational velocity, surface tension and gravity combine to
define the back surface.
Lens obtained in swollen state
9.
10. Advantages
Accurate reproducibility
Precision molds
Controlled spin speed
Generates free formed fluid surface
Consistent, homogenous and thoroughly cross-linked polymer
Surface and interstitial imperfections are least
11. Reverse process III
Combination of Spin cast & Lathe cut
Spin-casting the front surface and body
Lathing the back surface
Eg : Otima 38 , Soft lens 38
