The document describes the development of an ASIC for spectral counting and imaging of x-rays. The ASIC has been designed for readout of cadmium telluride radiation sensors with up to 64 pixels. Each channel contains components to perform charge measurement and discrimination. Prototypes using the ASIC have been tested for applications such as material separation using dual-energy imaging and micro-computed tomography. The presentation discusses the ASIC design specifications and requirements for spectral photon counting in applications including industrial scanning and medical imaging.
Application of dect in emergency radiology including the application in diagnosis of renal calculi, bone marrow edema, gout , abdominopelvic imaging,detection of pulmonary embolism and in cardiac imaging.
Physicians have used palpation to detect differences in tissue stiffness as an aid to diagnosis based on the fact that the mechanical properties of tissues are often dramatically affected by the presence of disease processes such as cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Elastography depends on the same differences in mechanical properties between healthy and abnormal tissues using imaging to detect these differences at depths not reachable by manual palpation and presents data in color-coded display, can be performed with ultrasound, using manual pressure or low frequency sonic waves, or by MR Elastography imaging.
Overview of Integrated Detector Electronics products including Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ROICs and low noise amplifiers for radiation detection.
Application of dect in emergency radiology including the application in diagnosis of renal calculi, bone marrow edema, gout , abdominopelvic imaging,detection of pulmonary embolism and in cardiac imaging.
Physicians have used palpation to detect differences in tissue stiffness as an aid to diagnosis based on the fact that the mechanical properties of tissues are often dramatically affected by the presence of disease processes such as cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Elastography depends on the same differences in mechanical properties between healthy and abnormal tissues using imaging to detect these differences at depths not reachable by manual palpation and presents data in color-coded display, can be performed with ultrasound, using manual pressure or low frequency sonic waves, or by MR Elastography imaging.
Overview of Integrated Detector Electronics products including Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ROICs and low noise amplifiers for radiation detection.
A multispectral image is one that captures image data from two or more ranges of frequencies along the spectrum, such as visible light and infrared energy.
In multispectral images, the same spatial region is captured multiple times using different imaging modalities.
Dual energy CT in radiotherapy: Current applications and future outlookWookjin Choi
Dual energy CT in radiotherapy: Current applications and future outlook
Wouter van Elmpt, Guillaume Landry, Marco Das, Frank Verhaegen
Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching b. München, Germany; Department of Radiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; and Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
IDEAS company presentation given at the IEEE NSS/MIC 2022. The topic of this presentation was recent products from IDEAS in radiation detection and imaging.
Ion Beam Analytical Technique PIXE for Pollution Study at Dhaka Van de Graaff...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This is a company products presentation by IDEAS - Integrated Detector Electronics AS, Norway. Presentation given at the IEEE NSS/MIC 2018.
The company designs integrated circuits, radiation detectors and imaging systems.
Silicon Drift Detectors for Energy Dispersive X- Ray Fluorescence ( SDDEXRF)Saleh Qutaishat
Summary:
A Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) was presented. The detector
structure and its working principle were explained. The detector
is cooled by a Peltier cooling element giving it a great advantage
over liquid Nitrogen cooled detectors.
The detection system has a high energy resolution due to the low
output capacitance of the SDD and the integration of the FET on
the detector. Energy resolution of the system is 125 eV FWHM
at 5.9 KeV Fe Kα.
Due to its short time shaping signal SDD has a high count rate of
500,000 counts per second.
SDDs are famous in being used in Synchrotron energy dispersive
X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy and in portable XRF
analysis devices.
Analysis Of Carbon Nanotubes And Quantum Dots In A Photovoltaic Device Slide ...M. Faisal Halim
Francis' presentation to Louis Stokes Association for Minority Participation. Since I co-authored this work I think I have the right to a copy. I was the graduate student Francis was working with.
Programming Optical Circuits for Specific Applications and Reducing Productio...Abacus Technologies
Silicon photonics is an evolving technology which transfers data among computer chips by using optical rays which can carry far more data in less time than electrical conductors. The concept involves combining laser and silicon technology on a single chip, a silicon photonic chip.
It is a hugely promising developing area of technology that saw impressive growth last year, with more than 3.5 million silicon photonic transceivers for data centers having being shipped, yielding revenues of around $364 million. From now until 2026, Global Market Insights expects the silicon photonics market to grow at over 30% year-on-year to a value of over $3 billion.
Programming Optical Circuits for Specific Applications and Reducing Productio...Abacus Technologies
Silicon photonics is an evolving technology which transfers data among computer chips by using optical rays which can carry far more data in less time than electrical conductors. The concept involves combining laser and silicon technology on a single chip, a silicon photonic chip.
It is a hugely promising developing area of technology that saw impressive growth last year, with more than 3.5 million silicon photonic transceivers for data centers having being shipped, yielding revenues of around $364 million. From now until 2026, Global Market Insights expects the silicon photonics market to grow at over 30% year-on-year to a value of over $3 billion.
NIRCA a digitizer and controller for focal plane arraysGunnar Maehlum
An application specific integrated circuit for focal plane array readout and control is described. The circuit is designed for cryogenic operation and is single event latch-up immune.
Ideas ASIC products with possibilities for use in neutron detectionGunnar Maehlum
Application of Integrated Detector Electronics (IDEAS) ASICs to neutron detection as defined by the needs of the European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden.
We have developed an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) suitable for the readout of up to 64 silicon photomultipliers (SiPM).
The ASIC can be used with SiPMs and scintillators for energy spectroscopy and timing of ionizing radiation. The ASIC provides important functionality for SiPMs: The preamplifier input potential can be programmed to set the bias voltage for the SiPMs connected to the input. The input dynamic range is relatively large (0 to 55 pC). The ASIC triggers, if any of the input signals exceeds a threshold. The trigger can be used to sample the signal amplitude and record the trigger time. The ASIC delivers both amplitude and time from all channels via an analog multiplexer. The ASIC has a programmable register which configures digital-to-analog converters for the preamplifier input potentials, the trigger thresholds, the internal bias setting and other functionality. Many ASICs can be combined for the readout of multiple arrays of SiPMs. The preamplifier input is designed for capacitive load of up to 300 pF and a dark current of up to 10 uA.
Multi-channel Detector Readout Integrated Circuits with ADCs for X-ray and Ga...Gunnar Maehlum
We are developing detector readout integrated circuits (ROICs) for X-ray and Gamma-ray spectroscopy. The ROICs are applications specific (ASICs) for satellite instrumentation in space. The ICs described in this article belong to the VATA family with integrated analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for fully digital readout of x-ray and gamma-ray detectors. The VATAs are ideal for the readout of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), cadmium telluride (CdTe), silicon pads and strips, and large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with scintillators.
From gamma ray imaging in space to medical diagnosticsGunnar Maehlum
Talk given at the transatlantic science week, innovation frontiers, University of California, Berkeley, October 2011.
The talk describes how space technology can be used in Medicine.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
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And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
From Siloed Products to Connected Ecosystem: Building a Sustainable and Scala...
Spectral x-ray photon counting
1. ASIC Development for Energy Resolved
Spectral Counting and Imaging of X-rays
S. Azman, W. Dang, C. Gheorghe, M. Gjetanger, T.M. Johansen,
D. Meier, S. Mikkelsen, G. Mæhlum, J. Talebi, T. Ødegaard
Gamma Medica – Ideas (Norway) AS
CERN, 4.-6. April 2011
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 1
3. Radiation Detector Design and Development for Science
Science: e.g. space, physics
Requirements,
Preliminary
JAXA, BepiColombo Specifications ASIC wafer
Design
Simulation
Implementation,
Rule checks, simulation
ATHENA Manufacture, Foundry
Radiation sensor
Assembly
Integration
Tests,
Verification and
Validation
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 3
4. Abstract – ASIC for Spectral X-ray Photon Counting
We describe an integrated circuit (IC) for spectral counting and imaging of
polychromatic x-rays.
The circuit has been designed for the readout of cadmium telluride (CdTe) radiation
sensors with up to 64 pixel electrodes. Each readout channel contains a charge
sensitive amplifier, up to 6 discriminators and 6 counters which increment when the
amplitude exceeds a given threshold. The energy dynamic range is about 120 keV.
Subsequently we designed and assembled camera prototypes from 1D-linear arrays of
CdTe read out by 32 ASICs. We have tested the cameras with imaging phantoms and
polychromatic x-rays in a micro-computed tomography (microCT) setup. We studied
the use of the cameras for material separation, especially with gadolinium and iodine
based contrast agents, for medical imaging. The presentation will focus on the ASIC
design specifications which were originally set for industrial scanning, but also discuss
the requirements for x-ray microCT and medical imaging.
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 4
11. Spectral X-ray Photon Counting – Applications
Security
e.g. explosives
Food safety
e.g. foreign objects
Separtion & sorting
e.g. metals, waste....
NDT
Medical
e.g. contrast agents
Physics research
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 11
12. Spectral X-ray Counting Detector
X-ray Line Camera
Modules: CdTe + ASICs
Wang et al. (2009), Proc. IEEE NSS
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 12
13. Radiation Sensor - CdTe Crystal with Electrodes
-500V
3 mm
0.4 mm Anode Pitch
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 13
15. Photographs of X-ray Line Detector
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 15
16. Photographs of X-ray Line Detector
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 16
17. X-Ray Line Camera - Hardware Details
External COUNT signal
synchronized with conveyor belt
or CT system
1500 frames/seconds maximum
(0.67 ms frames)
Short dead time between frames
(40us)
Interface to PC through National
Instruments I/O card
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 17
18. Example Material Identification – Luggage Phantom
Grey scale image based on Color coded based on the ratio of
attenuation at one energy attenuation at two energies, [80,100]
keV and [35,50] keV
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 18
19. Food Safety - Pieces of Glass in Raisins
Grey scale image based on Dual-energy
attenuation at one energy information, enhanced to ’see’
only glass and eliminate raisins
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 19
20. Material Separation – Hard Disk Drive
Grey scale image based on Regions color coded based on
attenuation at one energy attenuation ratio between high
and low energy
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 20
21. Count Rate and Spectra
Mono-energetic x-rays
Customer data
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 21
25. CT Phantom Images and Energy Thresholds Trimming
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 25
26. Summary
We have built a X-ray Line Camera capable of Spectral X-ray Photon
Counting. The design is based on CdTe custom made ASICs.
The prototype cameras allow one to study the potentials
of spectral x-ray photon counting.
It is important to understand and improve:
• Spectral response vs. count rate
– Charge sharing in CdTe
– Rate capability of CdTe pixels and ASIC, especially for CT
• Threshold uniformity and trimming
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 26
27. References
[1] S. Mikkelsen et al. (2008), ”An ASIC for Multi-Energy X-ray Counting”, Proc. IEEE NSS 2008.
[2] X. Wang et al. (2009), ”A Digital Line-Camera for Energy Resolved X-ray Photon Counting”,
Proc. IEEE MIC 2009.
[3] X. Wang et al. (2011), “Material Separation in X-ray CT with Energy Resolved Photon
Counting Detectors", Medical Physics (0094-2405), 3/1/2011. Vol.38,Iss.3;p.1534-1546.
[4] X.Wang et al. (2011), “MicroCT with energy-resolved photon-counting detectors2011“, Phys.
Med. Biol. 56 2791–2816.
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 27
28. Acknowledgments
We like to thank our customers and collaborators.
and
X. Wang, E. Frey, K. Taguchi, B.M.W. Tsui at Johns Hopkins
University
D. Wagenaar at Gamma Medica, Northridge
B. Sundal at Corentium, Norway
Thank you
dirk.meier@gm-ideas.com 2011-April, CERN, SpecX-Ray Workshop 28