principle of ct scanner
generations
scanning motion
EMI unit
xray beam
x ray tube
advantages
disadvantages
in this you PPT got clear idea about generation of ct
if you have any doubt text me
insta ID - ___sadham_____
brief but informative knowledge about how CT works and what are its components ... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
it includes generations and advancement in CT. In generations fifth generation CT is described in detail.
UFC detector, stellar detectors and gemstone detector is also described
straton x-ray tube, MRC, LIMAX and aquillion one xray tube
different techniques used in CT
dual energy CT is also described
this slide sharer contents are basic principle of CT fluoroscopy , software and hardware parts of equipment and image aqua cation and radiation dose comparison and videos related to equipment .
principle of ct scanner
generations
scanning motion
EMI unit
xray beam
x ray tube
advantages
disadvantages
in this you PPT got clear idea about generation of ct
if you have any doubt text me
insta ID - ___sadham_____
brief but informative knowledge about how CT works and what are its components ... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
it includes generations and advancement in CT. In generations fifth generation CT is described in detail.
UFC detector, stellar detectors and gemstone detector is also described
straton x-ray tube, MRC, LIMAX and aquillion one xray tube
different techniques used in CT
dual energy CT is also described
this slide sharer contents are basic principle of CT fluoroscopy , software and hardware parts of equipment and image aqua cation and radiation dose comparison and videos related to equipment .
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
its about the CT scan and generations in the form of PPT explaining each of first generation , second generation, third generation, fourth generation, fith generation and sith generation
Computer tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section rentenography.
It is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.
The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphein (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam.
Computed Tomography and Spiral Computed Tomography JAMES JACKY
1. Computed Tomography / Spiral Computed Tomography
2. Clinical and Principle Operation of Computed Tomography
3. Law and Regulation in Malaysia
4. Radiation Dose
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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2. Computed Tomography
A single transmission measurement through the patient made by a
single detector at a given moment in time is called a
A. Projection
B. ray
C. view
D. beam
E. voxel
3. Computed Tomography
A series of rays that pass through the patient at the same
orientation is called a
A. Projection
B. ray
C. view
D. beam
E. pixel
4. Computed Tomography
A beam geometry, in which all of the rays in a projection are
parallel to each other, is named as
A. Parallel
B. divergent
C. orthogonal
D. tangential
E. anti-parallel
5. Computed Tomography
In fan beam geometry, the rays at a given projection angle
A. diverge
B. converge
C. split
D. tilt
E. spread
6. Computed Tomography
If It is the intensity produced by x-ray source and Io is the intensity
detected by the CT detector, then, relation between It and Io is,
7. Computed Tomography
Which beam geometry was used in first generation CT
SCANNER?
A. Pencil
B. Fan
C. Narrow Fan
D. Wide Fan
E. Helical
8. Computed Tomography
Which one describes the advantage of first generation CT scanner?
A. efficient scattered rejection
B. proper usage of x-ray beam
C. huge change in x ray flux
D. higher quantum noise
E. patient friendly
9. Computed Tomography
Which beam geometry was used in second generation CT scanner?
A. Pencil
B. Fan
C. Narrow Fan
D. Wide Fan
E. Helical
10. Computed Tomography
Which group describes the third generation CT?
A. Rotate / Translate Pencil Beam
B. Rotate / Translate Narrow Fan Beam
C. Rotate / Rotate Wide Fan Beam
D. Rotate / Stationary
E. Helical
11. Computed Tomography
Ring Artifact is a result of ?
A. Pencil Beam
B. Narrow Fan Beam
C. Gain of detectors remains equal
D. Gain of detectors does not cancel out
E. Heel effect
13. Fifth Generation CT : Stationary / Stationary
Cine CT
Electron Cone Beam Tomography (ECBT)
does not use a conventional x-ray tube
large arc of tungsten encircles the patient and lies directly
opposite to the detector ring.
15. Fifth Generation CT : Stationary / Stationary
X-rays are produced from the focal track as a high-energy
electron beam strikes the tungsten.
No moving parts to this scanner gantry
Primarily to cardiologists.
They are capable of 50-msec scan times and can produce fast-
frame-rate CT movies of the beating heart.
19. Sixth Generation CT : Helical
By avoiding the time required to translate the patient table, the
total scan time required to image the patient can be much shorter
(~ 30 seconds for the entire abdomen).
Consequently, helical scanning allows the use of less contrast
agent and increases patient throughput. In
20. Sixth Generation CT : Helical
The table movement in the z direction during the acquisition
will naturally generate inconsistent sets of data, causing every
image reconstructed directly from a volume data set to be
degraded by artifacts.
However, special reconstruction principles generates a planar set
of data for each table position – produce artifact-free images
21. Second Generation CT : Rotate Translate Narrow Fan Beam
Do you know which special
reconstruction technique is used
in Spiral CT?
interpolation techniques
22. Sixth Generation CT : Helical
Software applications enable the clinical use of spiral CT
even for regions which are subject to involuntary
movements.
The speed of the table motion relative to the rotation of
the CT gantry is a very important consideration and the
pitch is the parameter that describes this relationship.
23. Sixth Generation CT : Helical
Pitch = table feed per rotation/collimation
The larger the table feed, the faster (i.e. with fewer
rotations) a body region can be scanned.
However, if the table feed is too large, image quality will
be impaired.
24. Sixth Generation CT : Helical
Advantages of spiral CT in clinical use
1. Complete coverage of organs in a single respiratory position.
2. Short scan times (resulting in fewer motion artifacts and a
lower contrast medium requirement)
3. Additional diagnostic information due to improved resolution
(thinner slices) and 3D visualization in routine operation
25. Slip Ring Technology
1990s, the design of 3rd and
4th generation.
A slip ring is a circular
contact with sliding brushes
that allows the gantry to
rotate continually, untied by
wires.
30. Seventh Generation CT : Multiple Detector Array
1. An approach to make better use of the x-rays.
2. Collimator spacing is wider and therefore more of the x-rays
are used in producing image data.
3. Slice thickness is determined by the detector size.
4. four contiguous 5-mm detector arrays and 20-mm c. spacing