Laser beam welding was developed from research on masers and lasers in the 1950s and 1960s. It uses a concentrated laser beam to join metal parts. The high energy density of the laser beam allows for precise, automated welding with high speeds and quality. Laser beam welding is used widely in industries like electronics, automotive, and food processing due to advantages like control, speed, and reproducibility.

1. SPE 4602 TEKNOLOGI
PEMBUATAN
LASER BEAM WELDING
PENSYARAH : DR AMIRMUDIN BIN UDIN
PELAJAR : LOI FOO CHEONG

2. History of Laser Beam Welding
 1917 Postulate of stimulated emission by Einstein
 1950 Physical basics and realisation of a maser (Microwave Amplification
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) by Townes, Prokhorov, Basov
 1954 Construction of the first maser
 1960 Construction of the first ruby laser (Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
 1961 Manufacturing of the first HeNe lasers and Nd: glass lasers
 1962 development of the first semiconductor lasers
 1964 Nobel price for Towens, Prokhorov and Basov for their works in
the field of masers construction of the first Nd:YAG solid state lasers
and CO gas lasers
 1966 Established laser emission on organic dyes since increased
application of CO and solid state laser
 1970 Technologies in industry
 1975 First applications of laser beam cutting in sheet fabrication industry
 1983 Introduction into the market of 1-kW-CO lasers
 1984 First applications of laser beam welding in industrial serial production

3. Laser Beam Welding (EBW)
 Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a welding process
which produces coalescence of metals with the heat
obtained from a concentrated beam composed primarily
of high- velocity electrons impinging upon the surface to
be joined.
 Heat is generated in the work piece as it is bombarded
by a dense stream of high- velocity electrons. Virtually all
of the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into
heat upon impact.

4. Schematic Layout of Laser Beam Welding

5. Characteristics of Laser Beams Welding
 A high energy concentration in the focal point of the
electron beam.
 Welding in vacuum leads to a special purity of the welded
seam and to the minimization of weld defects.
 Automated welding in vacuum with electrically well
controllable welding parameters guarantees a high
reproducibility of the weld quality.
 The high power density of the electron beam allows
working with very high welding speeds.
 The high welding speeds and the favorable total efficiency
allow high productivity with relatively low energy

6. Penetration Depths & Welding Speed

7. The Application Industry for Laser Beam
Source : H Schultz (2000). Laser Beam Welding. Abington
Publishing

8. Industrial Application

9. Temperature During Laser Beam Welding

10. Weldding Defect
 Undercuts/Overlaps
 Grain Growth
 A wide ∆T will exist between base metal and HAZ. Preheating and
cooling methods will affect the brittleness of the metal in this region
 Blowholes
 Are cavities caused by gas entrapment during the solidification of the
weld puddle. Prevented by proper weld technique (even temperature
and speed)

11. Weldding Defect
 Inclusions
 Impurities or foreign substances which are forced into the weld puddle during
the welding process. Has the same effect as a crack. Prevented by proper
technique/cleanliness.
 Segregation
 Condition where some regions of the metal are enriched with an alloy
ingredient and others aren’t. Can be prevented by proper heat treatment and
cooling.
 Porosity
 The formation of tiny pinholes generated by atmospheric contamination.
Prevented by keeping a protective shield over the molten weld puddle.

12. Advantages of Laser Beam Welding

13. Disdvantages of Laser Beam Welding

14. Conclusion
 Laser beam welding opens up many opportunities for
designing and economically joining machine parts. Various
branches of industry, which use laser beam welding
include electronics, automotive, and food processing.