Welding is a process that joins materials by heating them to melt or soften them and allowing them to coalesce. It is used to join metal components in industries like automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding and more. There are several types of welding processes including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, and newer techniques like laser beam and electron beam welding. Arc welding uses an electric arc to generate heat and melt the metals, and is one of the most common welding methods. Gas welding uses a flame from oxygen and fuel gases to heat and join metals. Brazing and soldering are similar lower-temperature processes that join materials without fully melting them.
this ppt pdf beneficial for 1st year engineering student who studying workshop technology. in this pdf types of joining, gas welding, arc welding, spot welding, tig welding, mig welding, soldering brazing and different welding defect has been discussed.
this ppt pdf beneficial for 1st year engineering student who studying workshop technology. in this pdf types of joining, gas welding, arc welding, spot welding, tig welding, mig welding, soldering brazing and different welding defect has been discussed.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the TIG welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but tig welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the TIG welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but tig welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
the slide shows the advance welding technic like as Tig And Mig Welding Process.
it help people to understand the advance manufacturing process for welding.
it made by Sk Samsuddin.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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2. Welding is a materials joining process which produces
coalescence of materials by heating them to suitable
temperatures with or without the application of pressure or by
the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of
filler material.
Welding is used for making permanent joints.
It is used in the manufacture of automobile bodies, aircraft frames, railway
wagons, machine frames, structural works, tanks, furniture, boilers, general
repair work and ship building.
WELDING
3. Plastic Welding or Pressure Welding
The piece of metal to be joined are heated to a
plastic state and forced together by external pressure
(Ex) Resistance welding
Fusion Welding or Non-Pressure Welding
The material at the joint is heated to a molten state and
allowed to solidify
(Ex) Gas welding, Arc welding
TYPES
4. (i). Arc welding
Carbon arc
Metal arc
Metal inert gas
Tungsten inert gas
Plasma arc
Submerged arc
Electro-slag
(ii). Gas Welding
Oxy-acetylene
Air-acetylene
Oxy-hydrogen
(iii). Resistance Welding
Butt
Spot
Seam
Projection
Percussion
CLASSIFICATION OF WELDING
PROCESSES:
(iv)Thermit Welding
(v)Solid State Welding
Friction
Ultrasonic
Diffusion
Explosive
(vi)Newer Welding
Electron-beam
Laser
(vii)Related Process
Oxy-acetylene cutting
Arc cutting
Hard facing
Brazing
Soldering
5. Equipments:
A welding generator (D.C.) or Transformer (A.C.)
Two cables- one for work and one for electrode
Electrode holder
Electrode
Protective shield
Gloves
Wire brush
Chipping hammer
Goggles
ARC WELDING
8. ARC WELDING
Uses an electric arc to coalesce
metals
Arc welding is the most common
method of welding metals
Electricity travels from electrode
to base metal to ground
10. Advantages
Most efficient way to join metals
Lowest-cost joining method
Affords lighter weight through better
utilization of materials
Joins all commercial metals
Provides design flexibility
Limitations
Manually applied, therefore high
labor cost.
Need high energy causing danger
Not convenient for disassembly.
Defects are hard to detect at joints.
ARC WELDING
11. Alternating Current (from Transformer)
More efficiency
Power consumption less
Cost of equipment is less
Higher voltage – hence not safe
Not suitable for welding non ferrous metals
Not preferred for welding thin sections
Any terminal can be connected to the work or electrode
COMPARISON OF A.C. AND D.C. ARC
WELDING
12. Direct Current (from Generator)
Less efficiency
Power consumption more
Cost of equipment is more
Low voltage – safer operation
suitable for both ferrous non ferrous metals
preferred for welding thin sections
Positive terminal connected to the work
Negative terminal connected to the electrode
COMPARISON OF A.C. AND D.C. ARC
WELDING
13. Sound weld is obtained by selecting proper size of flame, filler material and
method of moving torch
The temperature generated during the process is 33000c
When the metal is fused, oxygen from the atmosphere and the torch combines
with molten metal and forms oxides, results defective weld
Fluxes are added to the welded metal to remove oxides
Common fluxes used are made of sodium, potassium. Lithium and borax.
Flux can be applied as paste, powder,liquid.solid coating or gas.
GAS WELDING
14. 1. Gas Cylinders
Pressure
Oxygen – 125 kg/cm2
Acetylene – 16 kg/cm2
2. Regulators
Working pressure of oxygen 1 kg/cm2
Working pressure of acetylene 0.15 kg/cm2
Working pressure varies depends upon the thickness of the
work pieces welded.
3. Pressure Gauges
4. Hoses
5. Welding torch
6. Check valve
7. Non return valve
GAS WELDING EQUIPMENT...
16. Oxygen is turned on, flame immediately changes into a long white inner area
(Feather) surrounded by a transparent blue envelope is called Carburizing
flame (30000c)
Addition of little more oxygen give a bright whitish cone surrounded by the
transparent blue envelope is called Neutral flame (It has a balance of fuel gas
and oxygen) (32000c)
Used for welding steels, aluminium, copper and cast iron
If more oxygen is added, the cone becomes darker and more pointed, while
the envelope becomes shorter and more fierce is called Oxidizing flame
Has the highest temperature about 34000c
Used for welding brass and brazing operation
TYPES OF FLAMES…
17. THREE BASIC TYPES OF OXYACETYLENE FLAMES USED IN OXYFUEL-
GAS WELDING AND CUTTING OPERATIONS: (A) NEUTRAL FLAME; (B)
OXIDIZING FLAME; (C) CARBURIZING, OR REDUCING FLAME.
18. Three basic types of oxyacetylene flames used in oxyfuel-gas welding and
cutting operations:
(a) neutral flame; (b) oxidizing flame; (c) carburizing, or reducing flame.
19. Ferrous metal is heated in to red hot condition and a jet of pure oxygen is
projected onto the surface, which rapidly oxidizes
Oxides having lower melting point than the metal, melt and are blown
away by the force of the jet, to make a cut
Fast and efficient method of cutting steel to a high degree of accuracy
Torch is different from welding
Cutting torch has preheat orifice and one central orifice for oxygen jet
PIERCING and GOUGING are two important operations
Piercing, used to cut a hole at the centre of the plate or away from the
edge of the plate
Gouging, to cut a groove into the steel surface
GAS CUTTING
22. Brazing
It is a low temperature joining process. It is performed at
temperatures above 840º F and it generally affords strengths comparable to
those of the metal which it joins. It is low temperature in that it is done
below the melting point of the base metal. It is achieved by diffusion without
fusion (melting) of the base
BRAZING AND SOLDERING
Brazing can be classified as
Torch brazing
Dip brazing
Furnace brazing
Induction brazing
24. Advantages
Dissimilar metals which canot be welded can be joined by brazing
Very thin metals can be joined
Metals with different thickness can be joined easily
In brazing thermal stresses are not produced in the work piece. Hence there is no
distortion
Using this process, carbides tips are brazed on the steel tool holders
Disadvantages
Brazed joints have lesser strength compared to welding
Joint preparation cost is more
Can be used for thin sheet metal sections
ADVANTAGES
& DISADVANTAGES
25. SOLDERING
It is a low temperature joining process.
It is performed at temperatures below
840ºF for joining.
Soldering is used for,
Sealing, as in automotive radiators or tin
cans
Electrical Connections
Joining thermally sensitive components
Joining dissimilar metals
