Laser beam welding is an advanced welding method that uses a laser beam to generate heat and join two components. The laser beam is a coherent, monochromatic beam of light that enables precise welding of small areas. It works by focusing the laser beam onto the joining surfaces to melt and fuse the materials. Key benefits are that it can weld a variety of metals and non-metals with high precision and without using an electrode. However, initial costs are high and it has limited applications for thicker materials.

1. LASER BEAM
WELDING
Prepared By:-
Patel Shrikunj C.
(126540319070)
6th
Semester
1St
Shit

2. Laser Beam Welding
 Laser Beam Welding.
Laser Beam Welding (LBW) is advance welding method which used heat
generated by laser to join fabricated two components. Laser beam is a
beam of light, coherent and strictly monochromatic intense power of
the beam (with a small cross-sectional area) enables welding to be
performed over small area. Laser is the acronym for Light Amplificated
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Fig a) Welding operation by LBW.

3.  WorkingPrinciple Of LBW.
o Laser welding of polymers uses almost exclusively
overlap geometries. That means the laser beam
penetrates the upper material and is absorbed by the
lower material thus heating up the lower layer
directly.
o This layer transports the heat indirectly via heat
expansion and conduction to the upper layer so that
both materials are simultaneously heated up and
melted. Applying external pressure leads to strength
of the welded material which almost equals that of
the base material.
o The benefit of transmission is that the weld is inside
the component and thus the surface is not harmed
and no micro particles are generated.

4.  Detail Procedure / Operation Detail.
o A pumping unit is providing the energy to the laser
medium in this process, which energized its atoms so
that they can enter into high potential zones. To
acquire stability these atoms return back by emitting
light. Their absorbed energy is converted into light
and they return back into low energy zones. Such
radiation is called stimulated emission. These light
ways strikes with other excited atoms causing
continuous amplification of light. The medium is so
surrounded by reflective surfaces hence increase in
this resulting.
o The total energy so produced is then passed through
a small hole of the glass and in the form of laser
beam. This narrow ray is focused by a optical focusing
lens and allowed to fall on the component as a laser
point. Hence heat is generated and welding of
componentsis done.
o Pressure is applied to increase strength of joint and to
also increase adhesiveness between two
components.

5.  Technical Drawings Of LBW.
Fig b) Sapphire Pressure Ball Optical Head Showing an Extrusion Based Spring Design and Cutaway Type 2 Body
Block

6.  Technical Graph Of LBW Complexity.
This graph is based on type materials of components used for welding.
Material is based on color complexity of the molecular structure.
Complexity of the component to be weld is one of the main factor
affecting weld join during welding operation. According to property of
absorbitivity black color absorbs or entraps heat the most, while white
color is vice versa of it. Due to which welding time in black contrasted
component it take less welding time as well as heat can easy spread
and in case of white component it is reverse it heat take more time to
spread with results in more welding time. So degree of complexity will
increase as contrast of component will decrease.

7.  Advantages Of LBW
 Welding can be done on metals and non-metals.
 Almost all metals can be welded.
 Electrode is not used hence the effects of high current and
defects caused by electrode are not observed.
 The areas which are not easily approachable can also be
welded by LBW.
 Welding can be done in micron by this process and small
parts can also be welded.
 The heat is produced for short duration and on small area
gives good quality weld without much altering the
structure of the metal
 Disadvantages of LBW.
 Initialcost is high.
 It takes time to heat electrode.
 It haslimited use up to 1.5mm thickness.
 Vaporization and porosity is developed in welding metals
having properties similarto magnesium.
 Process is comparativelyslow to other welding processes.

8.  Application Of LBW:-
 To join metals having high melting pointand hard.
 For welding copper, nickel, aluminum, stainless steel,
tungsten, zirconium, tantalumetc.
 To join tiny electronic parts and to produce integrated
circuit (IC).
 To weld parts used in space and aircraft industries.
 Laser beam equipmentscan also be used in cutting.