The document discusses theories about the formation and size of the universe from both scientific and Islamic perspectives. It summarizes several scientific theories such as the Big Bang theory, steady state theory, and continuous creation theory. It also discusses evidence from the Quran about the creation of the heavens, earth, smoke-like clouds, and expansion of the universe that align with modern scientific theories. The document describes the different types of galaxies like elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies as well as the formation of stars from nebulae.

1. Earth and Space Science Resumes
Can the universe be measured? Cannot be measured, meaning that the space boundary is
unknown. Until now, science has not been able to answer these questions. Some limitations make
us unable to know with certainty the size of the universe. In the Qur'an Allah SWT says:
َ‫ُون‬‫ع‬ِ‫س‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫د‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ َ‫و‬
"And the heavens we built with (Our) power, and indeed We ruled."
Talking about the theory of the universe, there are several theories that the authors observe,
namely: Immanuel Scientific Theory. Immanuel's theory states that at first, a cloud appeared very
thick and cold, consisting of gas and dust, whose particles moved randomly. Due to the difference
in pressure around the cloud, the dust particles also move slowly in the cloud and start rotating in
one direction around themselves.
(State of Theory Steady State Theory). The Fixed State Theory states that each galaxy formed
grows to grow old and eventually die. So, this theory assumes that the universe is infinite in size
and also infinitely early (without beginning or end).
The Big Bang Theory or the theory of explosion. The thump theory states that there is a
considerable mass in the universe and has a very high specific gravity, because of a nuclear
reaction, the weight finally explodes violently. The atomic mass then scattered and expanded very
quickly and away from the center of the explosion or the core of the blast. After millions of years,
the scattered masses formed groups with a specific gravity relatively smaller than the original
weight.
Big Bang theory. George Lemarie developed the Big Bang Theory. According to this theory, the
universe has initially been a primeval atom that contained matter in a very dense state. Once this
atom exploded, and all its material was blasted into the world. Two opposing forces arise, one
called the gravitational force, and the other is called the cosmic energy.
Continuous Creation Theory (Theory of Constant Situation). Continuous Creation Theory put
forward by Fred Hoyle, Bendi, and Gold. This theory states that when the universe was created, it
did not exist. This universe has always existed and will continue to exist, or in other words, the
world never began and will never end. Every time a particle is born, and something disappears.
The particles then condense into spiral fogs with the stars and the bodies of the universe.
The particles that are born are more significant than those that disappear, which causes the amount
of matter to increase and result in the expansion of the universe. This development will reach a
critical threshold in the next 10 billion years. Within 10 billion years, new fogs will be produced.
According to this theory, 90% of the material in the universe is hydrogen and hydrogen, then
helium and other substances are formed.
Expansion Theory. This theory is based on the existence of a cycle of the universe, namely mass
expansion and contraction mass. It is estimated that this cycle lasted for a period of 30,000 million
years. During the development of galaxies and their stars formed. The expansion is supported by

2. the forces originating from the hydrogen core reaction, which will eventually form various other
sophisticated elements. Expansion theory reinforces the assumption that the particles that exist
today come from particles that existed in ancient times
Opinions about the universe? The author here will discuss through sources in the Qur'an; Allah
SWT. Passed the Koran to humans 14 centuries ago. Some new facts can be revealed by technology
in the 21st century, which Allah SWT has said. In the Koran 14 centuries ago. In the Koran, there
is a lot of evidence that provides necessary information about things such as the creation of the
universe. The fact that in the Al-Quran is by the latest discoveries of modern science is the most
important thing because this conformity confirms that the Al-Quran is the Firm of Allah SWT. In
Al-Quran surah Fush-shilat (41:11):
‫لها‬ ‫فقال‬ ‫دخان‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫السماء‬ ‫الى‬ ‫استوى‬ ‫ثم‬
means: "Then He turned to the creation of the heavens and the heaven when it was smoke, and
He said, unto him and the earth, "Come both according to my commandment with pleasure or
compulsion." both of them answered: "We come with pleasure."
The word "smoke-in" according to the commentators, is a collection of gases and fine particles
both in solid and liquid form at high or low temperatures in a mixture that is more or less stable.
One theory regarding the creation of the universe (Big bang theory) states that the world was
created from a cosmic explosion about 10-20 billion years ago, resulting in an expansion
(development) of the universe. Before the cosmic blast, all material and energy spaces were
collected in the form of dots.
In the Qur'an explained about the formation of this nature (QS Al-Anbiya: 30)
‫يؤمنون‬ ‫أفال‬ ,‫حى‬ ‫شىء‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ٱلمآء‬ ‫من‬ ‫وجعلنا‬ ,‫كانتا‬ ‫وٱألرض‬ ‫ٱلسموت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫كفروا‬ ‫ٱلذين‬ ‫ير‬ ‫أولم‬
Means:"And do those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were of one piece (hunk
full), then We separate between the two. And from water, We make everything alive. Then why
don't they also believe? "
Based on Bachtiar Surin's translation and interpretation (1978: 692), he interpreted that the sun is
a blazing celestial body that has been spinning around its axis for millions of years. In the process
of rotation with a high speed, then throws the pieces that eventually become the earth and some
other celestial bodies from the sun's bunk.
Each hunk circulates according to the midline of the sun's circle, getting farther and farther away
until each occupies a circular line. And so on will continue to circulate regularly until a time limit
that is only known by Allah SWT.
The theory of tremendous explosions also says that there is a continual expansion of the universe
at the speed of a supernatural, which is likened to the expanding surface of a balloon being blown,
which implies that the galaxy will be destroyed again. This gesture has already been explained in
Surah Al-Anbiya '(21: 104):
َّ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫َأ‬‫د‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ك‬ ,ِ‫ب‬ُ‫ت‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ِِّ‫ل‬ ِ‫ِّج‬ِ‫س‬‫ال‬ ِِّ‫ي‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ,‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ,ُ‫ه‬ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ُ‫ن‬ ٍ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ َ‫ل‬

3. Meaning: "(that is) on the day We roll the heavens as rolling sheets of paper. As We have begun
the first creation. So we will repeat it. That is a promise that we will keep; Surely, we will do it ".
With the interpretation details as follows (1) The first stage of the creation of the earth two-time
series (2) The second stage of perfecting the earth two-time series (3) The third stage of the creation
of the space and planets two-time series So the formation of this universe occurs in 6-time series
or six times.
Members of the Galactic universe and Stars; Galaxies are collections of heavenly bodies found
in the universe that number millions and even billions. According to Fowler, about 12,000 million
years ago, thousands of galaxies in the universe were not like galaxies today.
Some of these galaxies are well known, such as the Andromeda galaxy, the Magellan galaxy, the
Ursa Major galaxy, the Far galaxy, the Black Eye galaxy, and the galaxy known as our galaxy
(Our Galaxy), the Milky Way galaxy of the Milky Way Galaxy (The Milky Way Galaxy) Milky
Way System).
A star is a celestial body that can emit light and heat on its own. Stars differ in size and nature.
Some stars are smaller than the earth, and others are thousands of times larger. One example of a
star in the sun. The stars are formed from a huge cloud of dust and gas called nebulae. The
formation of stars begins with the accumulation of dust and gas, due to the strong force, thus
pushing dust and gas into a giant ball. In each place, the force pushes towards the center of the ball
so that the pressure at the center gets bigger.
Due to high pressure, the temperature increases so that the center of the ball gets hot. The shrinking
of the ball due to the constant pulling force causes the hot ball to shrink. Dust and gas that continues
to press towards the center causes an increase in temperature and pressure in the center of the ball.
After some time, the gas becomes hot, burning, and new stars form.
Wisdom & Different Views of the Formation of the Universe? According to the writer of the
discourse that the writer concludes that the discussion about the development of thinking about the
formation of the universe, which is expressed through the opinions/thoughts of various national
civilizations, theories put forward from several scientists as well as from Islamic views based on
the Koran, it can be concluded that the development about thinking about the formation of the
universe has long been a part of human thought, as well as the opinions of various national
civilizations, so many theories that emerge about the formation of this universe. But we need to
realize that long before experts put forward the theory of the Big Bang, the verses of the Koran
have clearly told how the universe was formed in 6 periods. Allah says:
‫ستة‬ ‫في‬ ‫بينهما‬ ‫وما‬ ‫واألرض‬ ‫السماوات‬ ‫خلقنا‬ ‫ولقد‬
"And verily We created the heavens and the earth and what is between them in six days, and we
no weariness".
The shape of the galaxy? Galaxies can be classified in main taiga types: elliptical, spiral, and
irregular. Some forms of galaxies as spiral; spiral galaxies consist of a disk of stars rotating,
interstellar matter, as well as a central bulge that is composed of old stars. The galaxy is an

4. irregular galaxy that has no irregular shape, does not resemble spiral galaxies or elliptical galaxies.
According to the Hubble classification system, there are two types of irregular galaxies:
Irr I: galaxies have asymmetrical profiles and do not have central bulges or spir structures al is
clear: on the contrary, they have many groups of individuals from young stars Irr II: galaxies have
a smoother, asymmetrical appearance and are not certain whether they are individual stars or
groups of stars.
Elliptical shape galaxies. An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy that has a basic ellipsoid shape
and has a subtle brightness. Most elliptical galaxies are composed of low-star stars that are old,
with a thin interstellar medium and minimal star formation activity, and tend to be surrounded by
large numbers of globular clusters. Elliptic galaxies are believed to form about 10-15% of the
galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, and this type of galaxy is not the dominant type in the universe as a
whole.