-Einstein’s General Relativity (1916) frames modern cosmology. -Big-Bang energetic beginning: interactive relationships of matter particles created our universe. -Explains origin of 92 elements in the Periodic Table - We are made of stardust. - Symbiotic relations between cells led to the Cambrian explosion of complex and human life. -BIG HISTORY: 13.8 BILLION YEARS “Each of us is as old as the universe and experiences our greater self in the larger story of the universe.” Thomas Berry. 

1. HOW RELATIONSHIPS MADE THE UNIVERSE AND HUMANS
Big History, From Hydrogen to Humans
Paul H. Carr, PhD
Relationships of energy and matter particles created our universe.
Symbiotic relations between cells led to the explosion of complex life.
For Happiness What Maters? Relationships, Energy, Matter
Our Milky Way Galaxy
(1920)
Recent map of 43,000 galaxies

2. HOW RELATIONSHIPS MADE THE UNIVERE & HUMANS
• Einstein’s General Relativity (1916) frames modern cosmology.
• Big-Bang energetic beginning: interactive relationships of matter
particles created our universe.
-Explains origin of 92 elements in the Periodic Table
- We are made of stardust.
• Symbiotic relations between cells led to the Cambrian explosion
of complex and human life.
• BIG HISTORY: 13.8 BILLION YEARS
• “Each of us is as old as the universe and experiences our greater
self in the larger story of the universe.” Thomas Berry.

3. The Creation Sequence in Genesis 1: 500 BC
Consistent with our modern scientific cosmology and the
evolution of life.
1 In the beginning God created the heaven (13.8 Billion years ago) and the
earth (4.5 billion years ago).
12 And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and
the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that
“it was good.”
.
20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that
hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of
heaven.
26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, (Millions of years ago) after our
likeness: and let them have dominion (stewardship) over the fish of the sea, and
over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over
every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

4. THE BINDING FORCES OF THE UNIVERSE
IN THE ORDER OF THEIR DISCOVERY
Gravity ( Newton 1600s) Holds stars, planets, and
galaxies together
Electricity and Magnetism (Maxwell 1800s) Holds
atoms and molecules together (Chemistry).
Nuclear (20th century) Hold nuclei together
and forms the periodic table of the elements.
Our Sun is a nuclear fusion reactor.

5. I loved reading ATOMS IN ACTION
when I was 14 years old.
The HYDROGEN ATOM
Is held together by electrical
attraction.
5
MIT Professor
HYDROGN FUSES INTO HELIUM IN THE STARS

6. 6
The electrical force between the positive nucleus and
the negative electrons hold the electrons in orbit.
This is much smaller than the nuclear forces between
protons and neutrons and also gravity.
The electrical forces between the two positive protons is repulsive.
Neutrons (with no electrical charge) needed so the the stronger
nuclear force can hold the nucleus together.

7. "I want to know God's thoughts, the rest are details”
In the beginning was the word (logos) and the word was God”
John 1:1”
“I want to know how God created this world. I'm not interested
in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that element.
I want to know His thoughts, the rest are details.”
Einstein often used "God" as a
stand-in for "the laws of the
universe". Or rather, his conception
of God is the Spinozan God, a deity
who created the laws of the universe
and then set it in motion, never
touching it again. In this conception,
the laws of physics are the "thoughts
of God".
E = mc2
Energy E=
mass, m,
times
Light
velocity,
c2
(1905)
EINSEIN’S THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY FRAMES MODERN COSMOLOGY
"I want to know God's thoughts, the rest are details”
In the beginning was the word (logos) and the word was God”
John 1:1”
“I want to know how God created this world. I'm not interested
in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that element.
I want to know His thoughts, the rest are details.”
Einstein often used "God" as a
stand-in for "the laws of the
universe". Or rather, his conception
of God is the Spinozan God, a deity
who created the laws of the universe
and then set it in motion, never
touching it again. In this conception,
the laws of physics are the "thoughts
of God".
E = mc2
Energy E=
mass, m,
times
Light
velocity,
c2
(1905)
EINSEIN’S THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY FRAMES MODERN COSMOLOGY

8. Lemaitre, inspired by
Hubble’s discovery of the expanding
universe & Einstein’s theory of General
Relativity, published his Hot Big Bang
theory in 1927.

9. Astronomer Harlow
Shapley discovered our
place in our Milky Way
Galaxy in 1920. Headed
Harvard U Observatory
One of the founders of
the Institute of Religion
in a Age of Science,
www.iras.org
1946 after WWII
OUR MILKY WAY GALAXY

10. Naturalism — as Religion, within Religions, or without Religion?
www.iras.org
June 27 – July 4, 2020
Star Island, 8 miles off Portsmouth, NH
• A few Shapley-Booth fellowships for room and board will be awarded
to applicants with individual paper proposals deemed strongest.
• Plenary Speakers. Dartmouth Prof. Marcelo Gleiser (physics and
astronomy; Templeton Prize Winner in Science & Spirituality 2019),
• Prof. Ursula Goodenough (biologist, president of the Religious
Naturalist Association),
• Prof. Willem B. Drees, Netherlands. Former Editor of Zygon, Rel and Sci

11. In 1964, radio astronomers Penzias and Wilson concluded that there
was noise coming from all directions of the cosmos. Cosmologist Prof
Dicke at Princeton U pointed out that it was the fossil remnant
radiation noise from the hot big bang that happened 13.8 billion
years ago. Penzias & Wilson were awarded Nobel Prize in 1978.
DISCOVERY OF THE WHISPERING COSMOS

12. Hot Big Bang of energy expanding with elementary particles
starting to condense, like water droplets from hot steam.
Image: Christine Daniloff, MIT, ESA/Hubble and NASA (2019)

13. Emergence of “Cool” Cosmos from “Hot”
13.8 Billion years ago.
Earth
13
Hydrogen,
Helium and
radiation
Stars &
galaxies

14. BEAUTY OF THE UNIVERSE
From cooler temperatures 0.3 M yrs after “the Beginning,”
to Galaxies, 2 B years later.
Hubble Optical Deep Field
Image of Galaxies 12 Billion
Light Years away, about
2 Billion years after “the
beginning.” (1996)
Image of the universe 0.3 Million
years after “the beginning.” This
image of temperature fluctuations
was measured by the Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe. The
cooler regions “seeded” the stars
and the galaxies. 14

15. The non-unifority in the cosmic microwave background radiation (cool blue spot
on the right) gets amplified by gravity into the galaxy shown on the left.

16. 2MASS Redshift Survey took 10 years to complete, and it has now yielded the finest 3D map
of the universe ever made, cataloguing more than 43,000 galaxies within 380 million light-
years from Earth.
Blue is near earth and red is far.
The clustering in the cosmic black body radiation corresponds to the clustering of the galaxies.

17. IGNITING CREATIVITY
Chapter by Brian Swimme (cosmologist) in
Order of the Sacred Earth (2018) (Matthew Fox)
“The universe gives birth to itself by assembling
communities with the capacity to awaken the
creativity of their members.
If a hydrogen atom finds itself in an interaction
(relational) community called a star, it discovers it
has the power to transform itself into the elements
that give birth to life.”

18. The cooperative FUSION of hydrogen nuclei into helium in our sun’s community
releases large amounts of heat and light.

19. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ATOMS
19U– Uranium is a source of nuclear energy.

20. The onion-like layers of a massive,
evolved star just before core collapse.
(Not to scale.) Elements up to Iron (Fe)
are formed from hydrogen by fusion.
The Cats Eye Nebula formed by the death of a star
The heaviest elements in the periodic
table such as Uranium and Lead are
formed by fusion in the higher
temperatures of such super novae.
HOW WE CAME FROM THE STARS

21. A billowing tower of gas and dust rises from the stellar nursery
known as the Eagle Nebula. New stars like our sun are formed by
the gravitational attraction of the dust. This small piece of the
Eagle Nebula is 57 trillion miles long.
.”
New stars being formed from the dust of an old one.

22. Our Solar System
Asteroid (rock) Belt between Earth & Mars

23. Formation
of our solar
system from
the
gravitational
attraction of
the dust in
a supernova

24. “Big Bang” or “Hot-to-Cool” COSMOLOGY
“HYDROGEN given enough time changes into HUMANS.”
Eric Chaisson, Author, Astronomy Today.
EXPLAINS:
1.The Expanding Space-Time of our universe.
2.The Relative Abundance of the Elements:
---Fusion, first minutes, Hydrogen, Helium Ratio, 75%:25%,
---The elements up to Iron 57 are made by nuclear fusion in stars
---Elements up to Uranium from stellar explosions, supernova.
---Or solar system came from supernova stardust (4.5 B years ago)
3. The Whispering Cosmos
---The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
---The “cool” (- 270 C ) fossil remnant of the hot Big Bang.

25. HOW RELATIONSHIPS MADE COMPLEX LIFE & HUMANS
• Einstein’s General Relativity (1916) frames modern cosmology.
• Big-Bang energetic beginning: interactive relationships of matter
particles and energy created our universe.
-Explains origin of 92 elements in the Periodic Table
- We are made of stardust.
• Symbiotic relations between cells led to the Cambrian explosion
of complex and human life.
• BIG HISTORY 13.8 BILLION YEARS
• “Each of us is as old as the universe and experiences our greater
self in the larger story of the universe.” Thomas Berry.

26. The Hebrew word ‫(אדמה‬adamah) is the feminine form of ‫אדם‬meaning "ground" (see
Genesis 2:7). “And the Lord God formed Adam form the dust of the ground and
breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Genesis 2. 500 BC”
Gravitational
attraction
created our
solar system
from the
dust of a
supernova.

27. Life on Earth gets off to an early start...
Nature (1996) 384:55-9. “Evidence for
life on Earth before 3,800 million
years ago”, Eiler JM, Mojzsis SJ,
Arrhenius G.
“It was unknown when life first
appeared on Earth…Here we … provide
evidence for the emergence of life on
Earth by at least 3,800 Myr before
present.”
Today
1,000 Mya
3,000 Mya
4,000 Mya
2,000 Mya

28. Figure from “Cosmic Dawn” by Eric Chaisson
EMERGENCE OF LIFE ON EARTH
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
Prokaryote Cells Eukaryote Cells
28

29. Cambrian Explosion of complex life made possible by
increasing oxygen levels and cooperating specialized cells.
- CO2 was converted to O2 by photosynthesis.
- Enabling animals that get energy by oxidizing sugars.

30. 542 M years Beginning of Multicellular Life.
“The Fossil Record of the Cambrian Explosion”
Keith Miller, PSCF, June 2014
8

31. The discovery of fire
enabled primates to cook
food,
resulting in smaller jaws,
that made room for larger
brains.

32. 6-7 MYA
Our smaller jaws made room for larger brains,
which require 20% of our energy. Increase enabled
by the invention of fire for cooking & advanced
stone tools for hunting & butchering.
American Scientist Mar-Apr 2016.

33. MITOCHONDRIAL EVE
Artist’s Concept
200,000 years ago, East Africa
Passed down from mother to offspring,
all mitochondrial (mtDNA) in every living
person (homo sapiens) is directly
descended from hers.

34. Oxygen: chemistry with a higher energy budget in Eukaryote Cell
Chloroplasts use light to
split CO2, carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere into
Oxygen O.
Mitochondria process
oxygen (controlling its
corrosive powers by
using it to burn sugar,
producing energy)
DNA in Cell Nucleus

35. Homo Sapiens spreads...
Over the last 100,000 yrs Homo sapiens has spread from ‘the cradle of life’ in
Africa
http://wwwrses.anu.edu.au/environment/eePages/eeDating/HumanEvol_info.html
40,000
60,000
100,000
100,000
40,000

36. LIFE’S MILESTONES
First single celled life 4,000,000,000 years ago
Cambrian Explosion of cooperative cellular life 400, 000,000
Mammals replace dinosaurs 40,000,000
First Primates and Humans 4, 000,000
Neanderthal human hunter-gathers 400,000
Cave Paintings, Neanderthals extinct 40,000
Homo Sapiens’ agricultural revolution, writing 4,000
Western scientific revolution, printing 400
Electronics, Satellite Communication 40
Internet, Facebook 4
THE HUMAN IMPACT IS MUCH FASTER THAN NATURAL PROCESSES

37. The creative evolutionary process is continuing.
In searching for truth & beauty, we participate.

38. Earthrise on the Moon
WHY
CARBON-
FREE
ENERGY?
SAVE OUR
EARTH!
It’s the only
one with
chocolate

39. CO2
39
Plants use the sun’s energy to convert atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O). Where does the carbon (C) go?

41. 41
U-235 is
Radioactive,
Fissionable
92 protons
143 neutrons
Uranium U- 238 is stable.
92 protons
146 neutrons

42. 42
Fission of Uranium 235 into two
medium sized nuclei (fragments) +
energy + more neutrons.Chain reaction.

43. 43
NUCLEAR REACTOR GENERATES ELECTRICITY
without emitting carbon doxide, CO2.
U-
235

44. Fissionable
Uranium and
Thorium, the
size of a
marble,
can provide
the energy
needs for a
lifetime, saving
our planet

45. 45

46. FOR HAPPINESS, WHAT MATTERS? RELATIONSHIPS, ENERGY, MATTER.
Nov 1. HOW RELATIONSHIPS MADE THE UNIVERSE & LIFE.
Big-Bang energetic beginning: relationships of matter particles created our physical cosmos.
Symbiotic relations between cells led to the Cambrian explosion of complex and human life.
We are made of stardust.
“Each of us is as old as the universe and experiences our greater self in the larger story of the
universe.” Thomas Berry.
Nov 8. FOM HUMAN RELATIONSIIPS TO CIVILIZATION VIA ETHICS
- Big bang energy first then matter. Spirit is analogous to energy. We can’t see either, but we
can observe their interactions and affects.
-Human cooperative relationships, guided by morals and ethics, enabled civilization.
-How did the forbidden apple, giving Adam and Eve “knowledge of good and evil,” evolve
into the moral and ethical laws that enabled civilization?
-God allows freedom and lures His creation towards His creative aim of greater beauty.
Nov 15. THE RELATIONAL-ETHICAL CHALLENGE OF ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
“Humanity should be served by wealth and not ruled by it.” Pope Francis
- Constraining economics with ethics
-Pursuit of Individual Profit vs. The Common Good in Society
-How can we maximize Economic Growth and overcome Income Inequality?
Nov 22. GLOBAL RELATIONS: CLIMATE CHANGE, WILL HUNGRY PEOPLE BE HAPPY?.

47. Cosmologist Brian Swimme (L) Theologian/Geologian
Thomas Berry (R)
• “Each of us is as old as the universe and experiences our greater self in the larger story of
the universe.” Thomas Berry.

48. DVD
Journey of the
Universe: An Epic
Story of Cosmic,
Earth and Human
Transformation
Featuring
Cosmologist
Brian Swimme, PhD

49. BEAUTY in Science & Spirit
• Chapter 3:
• “From the 'Music of the
Spheres' to the Big
Bang's Whisper.”

50. In 2013, the Nuclear Energy Institute released a study
showing the positive impact of Seabrook Station, NH,
on the economy and environment.
• Seabrook Station directly employs 650 people that earn more
than double the average salary of workers.
• Seabrook Station generates approximately 40 percent of New
Hampshire's total electricity, and its emission-free operation
helps avoid the emission of nearly 4 million tons of carbon
dioxide annually, which is the equivalent of taking almost
700,000 cars off the road
• Seabrook Station has an informative visitor’s center with
adjacent nature walks.