This is a powerpoint presentation about big bang theory.

1. PHYSICAL
Carlo James Q. Sablan
SHS Science Teacher
Welcome to

2. “Every new beginning
comes from some other
beginning’s end.”
Quotation

3. ⁕ Suppose you are a
billionaire. How many
years will it take you to
spend 1 billion pesos if you
spend 1 peso per second?
How big is a billion?

4. 1. XESIAAGL
2. GLHIT SEAYR
3. CEVROWAIM
4. KDAR ETARTM
5. ILMYK YWA
Unscramble me!

5. Unscramble me!
1. GALAXIES

6. 2. LIGHT
YEARS
Unscramble me!

7. Unscramble me!
3. MICROWAVE

8. 4. DARK MATTER
Unscramble me!

9. 5. MILKY WAY
Unscramble me!

11. ⁕ Describe the structure and composition of the
Universe;
⁕ State the different hypotheses that preceded the
Big Bang Theory of the Origin of the Universe;
⁕ Explain the Big Bang Theory and pieces of
evidence supporting it.
Learning Objectives:

12. Activity:
⁕ How old is the universe?
⁕ What is the most abundant element in the universe?
⁕ What are the building blocks of the universe?
⁕ What are the building blocks of galaxies?
⁕ What is the most accepted theory for the origin of
the universe?
Think-Pair-Share

13. Structure, Composition, and
Age
⁕ The universe, as we currently know it, comprises all space
and time, and all matter and energy in it. It is approximately
13.7 billion years old. Cosmology is the study of how the
universe began, how it continues to exist, and how it will end.
⁕ It is made of 4.6% baryonic matter (“ordinary” matter
consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets,
stars, galaxies), 24% cold dark matter (matter that has gravity
but does not emit light), and 71.4% dark energy (a source of
anti-gravity).

14. Structure, Composition, and
Age
⁕ Basically, the universe is composed of galaxies and
spaces.
⁕ Stars, the building block of galaxies, are born out of
clouds of gas and dust in galaxies. Hydrogen (73%)
and helium (25%) are the two most abundant
elements in the universe.

16. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
⁕ The Kuba people of Central Africa tell the story of a
creator god Mbombo (or Bumba) who, alone in a dark
and water-covered Earth, felt an intense stomach pain
and then vomited the stars, sun, and moon.
⁕ In India, there is the narrative that gods sacrificed
Purusha, the primal man whose head, feet, eyes, and
mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon respectively.
Non-Scientific Thought

17. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
⁕ The monotheistic religions of
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
claim that a supreme being created
the universe, including man and
other living organisms. The
Biblical theory tells that everything
on earth was created by God
exactly as it is.

19. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
⁕ This was proposed in 1948 by Hermann Bondi, Tommy
Gould, and Fred Hoyle.
⁕ It maintains that new matter is created as the universe
expands thereby maintaining its density.
⁕ The universe has no beginning and no end. This requires
that matter be continually created in order to keep the
universe's density from decreasing.
Steady State Hypothesis

20. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
Steady State Hypothesis

21. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
⁕ Billions of years ago – approximately 13.7 billion years - there was
nothing: no matter, no energy, and no space. Scientists used to call
this time zero. After 10-43 second, a singularity appeared, which was
very hot, very small, and very dense. Then, at 10-32 second, this
singularity started to inflate, spreading particles (quarks) in all
directions. The universe cooled down as this took place.
⁕ These quarks ultimately formed subatomic particles, hadrons
(protons and neutrons) and leptons (electrons), at less than 10
seconds after the Big Bang.
Big Bang Theory

22. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
⁕ However, because the temperature was still insanely hot (5.5 billion
degrees Celsius), the subatomic particles were not able to fuse. They
filled the cosmos like a soup, which could not hold visible light so it
was impossible to see.
⁕ Overtime, as the universe continue to expand, the temperature
became sufficiently lower that allowed electrons to meet up with the
protons and neutrons to form stable or neutral atoms. This allowed
light to finally shine through about 380, 000 years after the Big Bang.
This light is called the afterglow of the Big Bang.
Big Bang Theory

23. Origin of the Expanding
Universe
⁕ These elements, which were gases, were pulled towards each other
by gravity and started the formation of matter, such as the stars,
planets, moons, and other heavenly bodies.
⁕ Big Bang Theory was proposed in 1972 by Roman Catholic priest
and Belgian physicist Georges Lemaitre.
⁕ The Big Bang follows this sequence of event: (1) Big Bang
Singularity, (2) Inflation, (3) Recombination, and (4) Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis.
Big Bang Theory

24. ⁕ When scientists first propose a hypothesis to explain a phenomenon,
they expect to find certain evidence to support it and turn their
hypothesis into a theory. There are several main pieces of evidence
that support the Big Bang theory.
Big Bang Theory
Pieces of Evidence of Big Bang

25. Pieces of Evidence of Big Bang
 Observation of galaxies flying away from us in all
directions (Hubble’s Observations)
 Remnant of the Big Bang known as the Cosmic
Microwave Background Radiation
 Observed abundance of light elements in space

26. HUBBLE’S OBSERVATION
Pieces of Evidence of Big Bang
In 1929, Edwin Hubble found
that galaxies are flying away
from us in every direction. The
farther they are, the faster they
are moving. This is an evidence
for the expansion of the universe.

27. Expansion of the Universe
The expansion of the universe can be viewed as
stretching the space-time fabric of the universe.
Light waves get stretched out or compressed as they move.
DOPPLER SHIFT

29. COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION
Pieces of Evidence of Big Bang
In the 1960s, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were experimenting
with a 6-meter radio telescope, and discovered a background radio
emission that was coming from every direction in the sky. Theories
predicted that after a Big Bang, there would have been a tremendous
release of radiation. And now, billions of years later, this radiation
would be moving so fast away from us that the wavelength of this
radiation would have been shifted from visible light to the microwave
background radiation we see today.

32. ABUNDANCE OF LIGHT ELEMENTS
Pieces of Evidence of Big Bang
In the earliest moments after the Big Bang, there was nothing more
than hydrogen compressed into a tiny volume, with crazy high heat
and pressure. The entire Universe was acting like the core of a star,
fusing hydrogen into helium and other elements. This is known as
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. As astronomers look out into the Universe
and measure the ratios of hydrogen, helium and other trace elements,
they exactly match what you would expect to find if the entire
Universe was once a really big star.

33. Star Formation
Eventually the universe
cooled and atoms
formed. With the help of
gravity, these atoms
(mostly hydrogen)
clumped together to
form stars.

34. Who am I?

35. Subatomic
Particles

36. Distance between Stars
Fortunately for us, the average distance
between stars is about 3 light years or 20
trillion miles. If stars were 10 times closer
(~2 trillion miles), a nearby star could pull
the earth into an eccentric orbit and kill life
here. If the stars were much farther apart,
then there would not be enough heavy
elements to make life. Heavy elements
(like carbon and oxygen) are the ashes of
dead stars and living things need these
elements.
Fortunately for us, the average distance
between stars is about 3 light years or 20
trillion miles. If stars were 10 times closer
(~2 trillion miles), a nearby star could pull
the earth into an eccentric orbit and kill life
here. If the stars were much farther apart,
then there would not be enough heavy
elements to make life. Heavy elements
(like carbon and oxygen) are the ashes of
dead stars and living things need these
elements.

37. Assignment:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNDGgL73ihY
Directions: Watch a video of a simple summary of the
lesson about a detailed discussion of the BBT and other
cosmological theories through the link below.

38. Give what is asked in each item. Write your
answer with correct spelling on your paper.
Quiz: Identification

39. 1. Who proposed the Big Bang Theory?
2. What is the unit of distance used in outer space?
3. It is utilized to express very large or very small
numbers.
4. What is the most abundant element in the
universe?
5. If an object moves toward us, what shift in
electromagnetic spectrum will it experience?

40. 6. What refers to the very small, very hot, and very
dense point that expanded to form the universe?
7. What does CMBR stand for?
8. What area in the visible spectrum has the shortest
wavelength?
9. What is the force of attraction between two
objects called?
10. What requires that matter be continually created
in order to make universe's density constant?

41. 1. Georges Lemaitre
2. Light Years
3. Scientific Notation
4. Hydrogen
5. Blue Shift
Answers
6. Singularity
7. Cosmic Microwave
Background Radiation
8. Violet
9. Gravity
10. Steady State Hypothesis

42. THANK