Waste comes from any discarded material from homes, businesses, farms, and industries. There are three main types of waste - solid waste (trash), liquid waste (wastewater), and gaseous waste (air pollutants). Waste is generated from many sources like agriculture, fisheries, households, and different types of industries. Improper disposal of any type of waste, especially biomedical, hazardous, radioactive and industrial waste can seriously harm human health and the environment. Careful handling and treatment of all forms of waste is needed to protect communities.

2. What is waste?
• -Any material that is discarded and is
no longer useful or any remains at the
end of a process

3. Kinds of Wastes-
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, containers, bottles,
cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries
and other sources
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4. Sources of Wastes
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5. Sources of Wastes
Agriculture
Fisheries
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6. • Sludge refers to the residual, semi-solid material left from
industrial wastewater, or sewage treatment processes.
• a hillock of waste matter from coal mining, etc: slag heap
• are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable
fraction from the uneconomic fraction(tailing)
• A slurry is a thin sloppy mud or cement

7. Water - Impurities
Air - CO, CO2, SO2,
dust, etc.,
Land - Waste from Agriculture
, sewage, etc.,
Food - Adulterants
Disposed plastics

8. • The pneumonic plaque that broke out in
November 1994 in India is a typical
example of solid waste mismanagement.

9. Non-degradable or persistent in nature;
Biologically modified;
Highly toxic and even lethal at low
concentration;
Create danger to the living community,
immediately or over a period of time &
are hazardous

10. Domestic waste
Wastes Food wastes, paper, cardboard,
generated due plastics, textiles, leather
to domestic , wood, glass, metals, ashes, .
activities bottles ,cotton, rags or
any kitchen waste

11. Examples:
• Chemicals, paints , sand
These are waste from
paper or any industrial by-
various industries (small products
or large scale)
.Sulphur dioxide ,nitrogen dioxide
These waste are
emissions cause health
considered useless during
a manufacturing process hazards

12. Different industries and waste products
Source
Mining Waste generated Some mining process . Large
during mining & volumes of chemicals and
excavation liquids. Leaching of metals
operations. These are add metal content into rivers
toxic & hazardous ground water etc
cement
-- Produce coarse and Dust emitted is a health
fine particles hazard
Construction Waste generation Wood, steel, concrete, dirt,
and Demolition due to demolition of pipes, rubble, bricks etc.
buildings.
Oil refineries waste generated Sulphur compounds &hydro
from petrochemical carbons
plant & refineries
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13. • Extensive use of chemicals for
industrial and agricultural purposes .
• Detergents, Fertilizers, Toxic metals in
industrial waste and Soil based
technology are the main source.
• Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium, lead, Ars
enic and Barium are some of the toxic
pollutants

14. The three general types are
Municipal or urban wastes
Industrial wastes
Hazardous wastes

15. Municipal waste
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, containers and others)
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16. Field residue Process residue
• Materials left in an • Materials left after the
agricultural field after the crops are being
crops are harvested processed into some
useful products.
• Examples
• Wheat,barley stalks from • Examples
corn etc • Bagasse : left over after
the cane is crushed
, molasses, seeds

17. Bio medical waste

18. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE • treatment
• diagnosis ( process of
attempting to determine
or identify a possible
disease or disorder) or
• immunization( process
whereby a person is
made immune or
resistant to an infectious
disease, typically by the
administration of a
vaccine)

19. Bio-medical wastes include
• Needles , syringes
, pathological wastes ( blood
, body fluids ,body parts etc)
• Waste form surgery or autopsy
(An autopsy—also known as a
postmortem examination)
• Discarded medical instruments

20. Why great care should be taken while disposing bio-
medical waste?
• If the bio-medical wastes are not
properly managed and disposed
off, they can lead to further
spread of the diseases.
• The disease risk from these
wastes increases also the risks
of chemical pollution increases.

21. PRECAUTIONS:
•
• All the disposable items • Bio-medical Waste
other than waste must be kept in
sharps(device used to segregated storage in
puncture the skin), saline coloured plastic bags
bottles, I-V (intra venous) with mouths securely
fluid bottles(used for the tied and
infusion of liquid • transfer it to the
substances directly into central intermediate
a vein). etc. shall be storage room located
punctured before being in a convenient
sent for treatment. position of the health
• care unit.

23. • It is a waste generated by the nuclear energy
industry and include substances which are used
in cooling & storing nuclear fuels
• The radiations from radioactive substances –
prolonged exposure results in damage to the living
organisms and they contaminate air, water and
land.

25. Nuclear fuel process

26. Nuclear fuel
What is it? Radio active elements
• (Nuclear fuel is a material
that can be 'consumed' by
nuclear fission( nucleus of
an atom splits into smaller
parts) or fusion to
derive nuclear energy. The
most common
are uranium-235 (235U) Plutonium 239
and plutonium-239)

28. How is it harmful ?
• It is harmful as it percolates
down through the soil into
groundwater reservoirs or is
carried into streams and
rivers
• Radiation emissions are
extremely harmful/injurious

29. Why there is a need to
handle radio-active waste
carefully?
• Nuclear wastes
must be handled
properly as these
radiations when
emitted remain may
prove to be
dangerous for
thousands of years.