This document provides guidance on best practices for land application of manure. It discusses determining appropriate application rates based on soil and manure testing to meet crop nutrient demands. Timing applications before or during crop growth is recommended for maximum benefit. Spreading techniques like injection and mixing with soil minimize odors and runoff. Notification of neighbors and avoiding applications in poor weather can reduce nuisance from odors. Overall the goal is recycling manure nutrients while protecting crops, soil and water quality.

1. Akumengwa Neba N
MPH student
University of Buea
HS12A001
1
LAND
APPLICATION (MANURE)

2. Outline
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 Application Rates
 Spreading Considerations
 Timing Considerations
 Odour Management

3. Why apply manure on land?
3
 Method of recycling a natural, organic
byproduct.
 Fertilizer for crop production in
sustainable agriculture
. Decrease costs of crop production.

4. What happens when manure is not
properly managed?
4
 Damage to crops.
 Risk of pollution.
 Little benefit from fertilizer property.
 Much of a good thing becomes a
problems

5. Value of manure to the soil..
5
 Apart from nutrient to plants,
Improve soil tilth
Structure
Aeration and water holding properties

6. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops i
6
 sufficient land base for manure
spreading
 Test soil and manure for nutrient levels
 Determine release rates for nutrients in
manure
 Calculate crop nutrient demands
 Prevent loss of nutrients through surface

7. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops ii
7
 Reduce the loss of nitrogen to the
atmosphere
 Minimize soil compaction and problems
with soil structure
 Prevent leaching of nitrates into
groundwater
 Prevent waterways pollution by manure

8. Application Rates i
8
 Determine by overall nutrient
management plan
don’t try to provide all nutrients for a
crop with manure
o may not release nutrients at the right
balance and time.
o inadequate composition to meet crop

9. Application Rates ii
9
 Test the macro-nutrient content of
manure.
(nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium)
 Test the soil to determine nutrient
levels
 Know the nutrient needs of the crop
being grown
 Provide 75% of the required nitrogen
with manure

10. Application Rates iii
10
 While the nitrogen requirement determines
the amount of manure to apply,
 Applying manure every year. may lead to
excessive levels of phosphorus and other
elements
 Long-term benefits increase if manure is
spread over larger areas.
( The need for adequate land)

11. Application Rates iv
11
 Unless both soil and manure tests
proves no risk of reaching excessive
nutrient levels
 The ability of soil to soak up liquid
determines the rate of liquid manure
application
 Tillage before application may help if

12. Spreading Considerations i
12
• Mix manure and soil as soon as possible after
spreading to
 minimize odour
pollution from runoff
maximum fertilizer benefits
• 24 hours is recommended for surface applied
manure be

13. Spreading Considerations ii
13
 liquid manure injected directly into soils is
recommended and best done
before preparing the seed bed
 during the cropping season.
 Nutrients are readily available to growing
plants.
 Don’t apply manure under wet soil
condition in order to avoid soil compaction

14. Spreading Considerations iii
14
 Prevent manure from getting into any
watercourse.
 Don’t spread manure within,
30 meters (100 ft) of a watercourse on slopes
less than 5%
60 meters (200 ft) of a watercourse on slopes
greater than 5%

15. Timing Considerations
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 Best to apply manure before, or early in, the
growth stage of any crop
 forms of nitrogen are available immediately to
plants
 nutrients in organic form may be released
throughout the growing season
• If manure is spread late in the growing period or
after the growing season
 reduced benefit to the crop
 increased risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater
or surface runoff contaminating watercourses

16. Odour management i
16
• Manure spreading causes nuisance
odour
• The following management practices
minimizes the possibility of complaints
 clean and well maintained transport
equipment will ensure that manure is not
deposited on public roads.
 do not overload equipment.
 if a spill occurs, clean the road
promptly.:

17. Odour management ii
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avoid transporting manure on public roads
during
o high traffic such as rush hours
o before and after work,
o during lunch break
check the weather conditions before
spreading.
best weather for spreading
o sunny days with windy, cloudy nights.

18. Odour management iii
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• Rain removes odours from the air
• Worst conditions are,
 damp, humid weather with light
winds
• Spread in the morning when air is
warming and rising, rather than late
in the afternoon
• Consider the implications of
spreading on holidays and
weekends when neighbours are

19. Odour management iv
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 Notifying neighbours prior to spreading
on adjacent properties is a “good
neighbour” policy
 The first 12 to 48 hours after spreading
are the worst period for odours.
 Odours could last up to 10 days, with
very heavy application rates
 Spread and till with soil method or
injecting into soil reduce the release of
odours

20. Odour management v
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 With injection, odours are less detectable at 70
meters
(230 ft) than they are at 400 meters (1,300 ft)
from surface
applied manure
• To prevent fly propagation.
apply composted manure to pastures and hay
fields

21. Odour management vi
21
 Keep the discharge height of the slurry
as low as possible to reduce odours
during land application.
• Choose discharge methods that are
most effective for odour control.
 Dribble bars or booms
- Bottom discharge tanker
- Top discharge tanker

22. Bibliography..
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 Agriculture Canada and Ontario.Ministry
of Agriculture and Food. Best
Management Practices. Livestock and
poultry waste management. Toronto:
OMAF:1994.

23. THANKS FOR YOUR
KIND
ATTENTION
23