This document defines communication and describes the process. Communication involves transmitting a message from a sender through an encoding, channel, and decoding by the receiver. It discusses downward, upward, and horizontal communication flows within an organization. The key elements of the communication process are the source, encoding, channel, decoding, understanding, response, and feedback. Barriers like semantic differences, psychological factors, emotions, and differences in language can interfere with effective communication.

1. Topic:
Source of communication
Presented by:
Sohail Danish
12024119-120

2. Table of contents: Communication.
 Definition of communication.
 Flow of communication.
 Downward communication.
 Upward communication.
 Horizontal communication.
 Source.
 Encoding message.
 Channel.
 Decoding.
 Feedback.
 Barriers of communication.

3.  Communication is the process whereby speech, signs or actions transmit
information from one person to another.
 Communication involves transmitting information from one party to another.
 communication to be successful, the sender and receiver must have some signs,
words or signals in common with each other so the sent message can be
understood.

4.  Communication is a 2-way interaction between two parties to transmit
information and mutual understanding between themselves

5.  Downward communication
 Upward communication
 Horizontal communication

6. Downward communication :
 Downward communication flows from people at higher levels to those at
lower levels .

7. Upward communication:
 Upward communication travels from subordinates to superiors.

8. Horizontal communication:
 Crosswise communication includes the horizontal flow of information, among
people on the same or similar organizational levels, and the diagonal flow,
among persons at different levels who have no direct reporting relationships.

9. (Source)
Sender’s
message
Encoding Channel Decoding
Understanding
by receiver
Response
transmission
EncodingchannelDecodingReceiving
response

11.  First element in the process is source of communication i.e from where the
communication originates.
 Source can be- a person or even a machine.
 The source(sender) initiates the communication as he has some need, thought,
idea or information, that he wishes to transmit to other person or machine.

12.  The next step in process is encoding the information that has to be
transmitted.
 Encoding of the thoughts produces a message which can be either verbal or
non-verbal.
 Verbal messages are in the form of words and language.
 Non-verbal would be in the form of body gestures like smile, wave of hand
etc..

13.  The next element in the process of communication is the channel through
which the communication is transmitted.
 The channels could be-face to face conversation, written memos , reports ,
telephonic exchanges, meetings etc….
 Other channels can be letters, magazines, tv shows, radio etc.
 For communication to be effective the channel used should be appropriate.

14.  Decoding and understanding the message constitute the last two elements in
the process of communication from sender to receiver.
 The receiver first receives the message and decodes it ,interprets and
translates it into thoughts, understanding and desired response.
 A successful communication occurs when the receiver decodes the message and
attaches the meaning to it which the sender wished to transmit.

15.  Response and feedback complete the two-way process of communication.
 Only through feedback the sender comes to know whether the message has
been received correctly or not.

16.  The basic aim of communication is transmission of meaning or understanding.
 Yet , most of the communications fail to convey the meaning or develop an
understanding of the communication .
 The failure in communication arises because of certain blockages or barriers
between sender and the receiver .
 In order to make a communication effective, it must be ensured that these
barriers are removed.

17. A)Semantic Barriers-
Most of the difficulties in communication arise because the same word or
symbol means different things to different individuals.
 Same words are interpret in different ways.
B) Psychological barriers-
 The meaning of the message depends upon the emotional or psychological
status of both the parties.

18. C) Emotions –
How the receiver feels at the time of receipt of communication message will
influence how he or she interprets it.
 The same message received when you are angry is likely to be interpreted
differently when you are in a neutral disposition.
D) Language
for communication language must be same.