This document discusses the concept of communication and its elements. It defines communication as the exchange of information between individuals through symbols. The key elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, barriers/noise, context, and communication system. It also discusses the various means of communication including verbal, non-verbal, written, radio, television, telephone, and internet. Finally, it discusses the implications of communication for human beings, including how it facilitates spreading of knowledge and formation of relationships.

1. Assosa Universitsy
College Of Computing And Informatics
Department Of Information Science
Human Information and Communication
Behavior Individual Assignment:-1
Course code:-INSC 2083
No Name ID no
1, Fekadu Mola Ru0948/11
Submission Date : - 13/05/2013 E.c
Submitted To : - Instructor Mulu Z .

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1, Discuss briefly about the concept of communication by reviewing different documents?
Introduction
 The term communication is derived from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share"
 In general, communication refers to the reciprocal exchange of information, ideas, facts, opinions,
beliefs, feelings & attitudes through verbal or nonverbal means between two people or within a
group of people.
Definition of communication
 Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols & signs of behavior.
- Webster’s Dictionary
 Communication is interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech, writing or
signs.
- Robert Andersion[1]
 Communication is the act of transmitting verbal and non-verbal information and like
understanding between librarians and library users.
 Communication is defined as the act of expressing our views to others through the use of
signs, expressions, symbols, spoken words, or any activity to reach a common
understanding. We can communicate with a person or a group of persons.
 It is also defined as exchanging information through writing, speaking, or any other
medium. It is the successful transfer of views and feelings. Let's consider the below
examples.
 Some people communicate by speaking.
 The spoken words can be in various languages. Some people who cannot speak
communicate using the sign and symbols with the help of their hands and
expressions.
 Communication depends on mutual understanding between people. It means we can
communicate if the other person or a group can understand the same language
 Communication is the process of using messages to generate meaning
 Communication requires a sender, a message, a form and channel, and a recipient.
 Communication can be described as information transmission governed by three levels of
semiotic rules.[2]

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Meaning of Communication
 Communication is a process :-
 1) an ongoing activity;
 2) an exchange or a set of behaviors;
 3) transactional; and
 4) might involve personal history that contributes to
interpretation of meaning
 A process through which individuals mutually exchange their ideas, values, thoughts,
feeling & actions with one or more people.
 The transfer of information from the sender to the receiver so that it is understood in
the right context.
 The process of initiating, transmitting & receiving information.
 The means of making the transfer of information productive & goal oriented.
 The process of sharing information, ideas & attitudes between individual[3]
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
 Communication is a process.
 Communication occurs between two or more people.
 Communication can be expressed through words, actions, or both at the same time.
 Communication is systemic.
 Communication is irreversible.
 Communication is proactive.
 Communication is symbolic. And communication is individually construed[4]
 Communication can be described as information transmission governed by three levels of
semiotic rules for making meaning:
 Syntactic (formal properties of signs and symbols such as letters or numbers)
 Pragmatic (concerned with the relations between signs/expressions and their users)
 Semantic (relationships between signs and symbols and what their meaning)

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2, Discuss about the elements and the means of human communication?
The communication process for all types of communication can be categorized into eight
elements which are listed below:
1, Source/Encoder
2, Message
3, Channel
4, Receiver/Decoder
5, Feedback
6, Barrier
7, the Situation or Context, and
8, the System[5]
1, Sender/Encoder
 The sender can present his/her views in the form of verbal or non-verbal communication
to the recipient in the understandable form. The sender encodes the message in the form of
written text, speech, digital data, gestures, pictures, etc.
 A message from the sender is sent to a receiver or multiple receivers. A sender can also
seek feedback from the receiver to confirm that the message has been understood without
any misunderstanding or confusion.
 Sometimes, different techniques are also used by the receivers, which ensure the correct
interpretation of the message

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2, Message
 The message is the content of communication & may contain verbal, nonverbal or
symbolic language.
 Perception & personal factors of the sender & receiver may sometimes distort this element
& the intended outcome of communication may not be achieved. For ex, the same message
may be communicated or perceived differently by two individuals.
3, Channel of Communication
 The encoded message as a sequence of signals is transmitted through the channel or
medium.
 Some natural forces, such as noise sources, human activities, can cause interference in the
signal, which can degrade the quality of signals reaching the receiver.
 Today, we can easily convey our message to others using different means of
communication, such as text messages, telephone conversations, video conferences,
emails, face-to-face conversations, letters, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, and
social media Internet. Each channel has its advantages and disadvantages.
For example,
 To send a message or notice through the Internet to small villages is not the correct way
for effective communication due to low network signals in small villages.
 Broadcasting news through letters might be effective for one or two individuals. But to a
large population, it will be expensive. In such cases, television broadcast will be an
effective method of communication.
 Technical information can be better understood in the written form rather than speaking. In such
cases, books, newspapers, etc. are preferred. Hence, the selection of the correct channel
determines effective communication.
Classification of channels of communication:
 Visual channel: Facial expression, body language, posture, gestures, pictures & written
words, electronic mails, mass media, etc.
 Auditory channel: Spoken words, sounds, telephone or mobile communications,
delivering audio content (radio, voicemail), etc.
 Tactile channel: Touch sensations, therapeutic touch, etc.
 Combined channel: Audiovisual media, consoling a person with touch & spoken
words.

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4, Receiver/ Decoder
 A receiver also known as decoder.
 The encoded message is assembled on the receiver side, which is known as decoding. The
received message is the correct interpretation of the original signal.
 The decoding of the message depends on how the receiver feels at the time of the received
message. Sometimes, barriers or obstacles in communication can also affect it.
 The understanding between the sender and the receiver also helps correct the message with
reduced or minimum misunderstandings.
For example,
 If the sender knows the receiver, he/she will send the message according to the receiver's
understanding, which helps in the correct decoding of the received message
5, Feedback
 It is a return message sent by the receiver to the sender
 It is the final part where the receiver gives the feedback to the sender for the received
message. The receiver can use any communication, such as verbal, non-verbal,
visualization, or written, to provide feedback on the correct understanding of the message.
It is useful to correct the confusion between the sender and the receiver.
 The feedback for face-to-face communication will be immediate, while in the case of
written communication (online mode), it can be delayed depending on the receiver.
 Effective communication or successful communication is verified through the feedback
because it is the only way to check whether the receiver has correctly understood the
message
6, Barrier /Noise
 Every communication process is bound to be disturbed by one or another kind of noise. It
interferes with the transportation and interpretation of information from the sender to the
receiver.
 Can be physical or psychological
 Impacts the effectively of communication
 The factors that affect the flow of communication.
 Barriers are any obstacles or difficulties that come in the way of communication.
 Is any barrier to communication which results to loss of meaning during the transmission
 Barriers to communication occur if the sender and receiver are not on the same
“wavelength.” This is as true in human communication as it is in radio transmission.[6]

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 Barriers to communication can be: physical emotional linguistic (or language-based)
psychological gender culture.
7, The Situation or Context
 Refers to the interrelated conditions of communication which affect how people
understand the message.
 The situation or context reminds us to understand and analyzed the different elements
(which constitute the communication) in relation to the context or situation that a specific
communication event takes place.
8, The System
 Communication is working in its own system.
 The system, such as relationship, which is created and maintained at some level by the
communicators, enables to appreciate the different elements that involves in the
communication process.[7]
Means of Communication
 Communication is defined as the act of expressing our views to others through the use of
signs, expressions, symbols, spoken words, or any activity to reach a common
understanding. We can communicate with a person or a group of persons.
 The communication is categorized into verbal, non-verbal, visualization, and written.
 The means of communication are the method that makes our communication process
faster. We can also share the information with many people at a time through different
means of communication. It saves time, labor, and efforts to exchange our ideas and
information with others.
 There are eight means of communication through which we can quickly transfer the
information and ideas to others.
1, Radio 4. Letters
2. Television 5. Telephone and mobile devices
3. Newspaper 6. Courier Services
7. Electronic Methods :- 8. Formal methods :- Meetings
 Internet Presentations
 Fax Machines Reports
 Telex
 Email
 Video Conference[8]

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3, Discuss about the implications of communication for human beings?
 Communication is a process of sending and receiving information among people.
 Humans communicate with others not only by face to-face communication, but also by
giving information via the Internet and printed products such as books and newspapers.
 Many people believe that the significance of communication is like the importance of
breathing. Indeed, communication facilitates the spread of knowledge and forms
relationships between people.
 Communication helps to spread knowledge and information among people. For example,
authors write books to impart knowledge to the World, and teachers share their experience
with their students. Also, friends or co-workers discuss their ideas with each other, and
companies exchange information with their subsidiaries and customers.
 Besides, the advent of the Internet not only allows people to have better access to
knowledge and information in all ends, but also makes it easier and faster to contact with
people around the World.
 Sharing knowledge and information process cannot function without communication. As a
result, companies cannot operate, and humanity will be drowned in the abyss of ignorance.
 Communication is the foundation of all human relationship. At first, strangers start talking
and getting to know each other, and then the relationships are formed when they have more
interaction and communication.
 Communicating helps people to express their ideas and feelings, and it, at the same time,
helps us to understand emotion and thoughts of the others. As a result, we will develop
affection or hatred toward other people, and positive or negative relationships will be
created.
 It is no doubt that Communication plays a vital role in human life. It not only helps to
facilitate the process of sharing information and knowledge, but also helps people to
develop relationships with others. Therefore, the importance of communication cannot be
underestimated. Every day, we communicate with a lot of people including our families,
our friends, our colleagues, or even strangers. We should learn how to communicate
effectively to make our lives better[9], [10]

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[1] “COMMUNICATION,” [Online]. Available: www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com.
[2] “Kajabi ’ s Longest Trial Yet Try Free for 30 Days Keys of Communication Non-human
Communication Videos Join Our Youtube Channel : Join Now,” p. 4256464, 2018.
[3] C. Contexts, C. Principles, C. Competence, and C. Communicators, “What is
COMMUNICATION ? The process of using messages to,” 2013.
[4] American Journal of Sociology, “済無No Title No Title,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53,
no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2019.
[5] R. H. Sampieri, “No 主観的健康感を中心とした在宅高齢者における 健康関連指標
に関する共分散構造分析Title,” p. 634.
[6] S. Vargas and D. Alexander, “Presented By Presented By,” no. 858, pp. 1–78, 2011.
[7] “Fast file downloader for sale Try Kajabi Free for Keys of Communication Non-human
Communication Videos Join Our Youtube Channel : Join Now Help Others , Please
Share,” p. 4256464, 2018.
[8] “Means of Communication Videos Join Our Youtube Channel : Join Now Help Others ,
Please Share,” p. 4256464, 2018.
[9] Hope Speak, “Why is communication important to human life?,” Hope Speak, 2014,
[Online]. Available: https://www.hopespeak.com/blog/why-is-communication-important-
to-human-life-2/.
[10] H. Speak, “Why is communication important to human life?,” Hope Speak, p. 2018, 2014,
[Online]. Available: http://routecommunication.com/why-is-communication-important-to-
human-life.html%0Ahttps://www.hopespeak.com/blog/why-is-communication-important-
to-human-life-2/.