This document discusses various methods of solid waste management. It defines solid waste and lists its various types. The main methods of solid waste management discussed are dumping, controlled landfilling, shredding and pulverization, composting, incineration, pyrolysis, and dumping into the sea. Controlled landfilling is described as the most commonly used method in India, where waste is compacted and covered with soil layers. Composting and incineration are also outlined as important processes. The disadvantages of dumping waste into the sea are noted.

1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY
JAY K GARACHH
(170213106004)
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
BHAVNAGAR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING
GUIDED BY
PROF.P.H.PANDYA

3.  Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk) is
any unwanted or useless materials.
OR
 Any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted
and “Auseless or profile less activity using or expanding or
consuming thoughtlessly or carefully.”

4.  Solid waste
 Liquid waste
 Gaseous waste
 Animal by product(ABPs)
 Biodegradable waste
 Chemical waste
 Commercial waste/Business waste
 Biomedical waste
 Bulky waste

5. It is defined as,
“ non liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from
municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain complex &
sometimes hazardous substances”
Solid waste also include,
 Garbage
 Rubbish
 Demolition products
 Sewage treatment residue
 Dead animals
 Manure and other discarded material.
 Per capita solid waste out put 0.25-2.5 Kg/day

6.  Agriculture
 Fisheries
 Household
 Commerce and industry

7.  Public hygiene and health.
 Reuse, recovery and recycle
 Energy generation
 Sustainable development
 Aesthetics

8. 1. Dumping
2. Controlled Tipping or Sanitary Land filling
3. Shredding and Pulverization
4. Composting
5. Incineration
6. Pyrolysis
7. Dumping into sea

9.  Very crude and insanitary method of
solid waste.
 Dumping is done in some selected areas
(far from residential areas).
 Refuse which are suitable for open
dumping are 1) Street sweepings,2)
Ashes & 3) Some rubbish.
 The dumped garbage can become a
potential breeding ground for flies and
rates and the health of the community in
the vicinity of it will be in danger.

10.  Satisfactory method
 In this method, Solid waste is carried and dumped into the low
lying areas in designed and environmentally sound manner.
 Refuse is dumped and compacted in layers of about 0.5m
thick and after the days work when the depth of filling
becomes about 1.5m, it is covered by a good earth layer of
about 15cm thick.
 With the passage of time, the filled up refuse will get
stabilized due to decomposition of organic matter
&subsequent conversion into stable compounds.
 This method is essentially a biological method, since the
waste is stabilized by aerobic as well as anaerobic bacterial
process.

12.  This method is
widely adopted in
India, about 90%
of Indian refuse is
disposed in this
manner as this
method is very
suitable to the
heavier type of
Indian refuse and
also to the rural
communities,
hostels, camps, etc.

13.  The size and volume reduction of MSW is accomplished by the
physical process of shredding and pulverisation.
 Shredding refers to the actions of cutting and tearing; where as
pulverisation refers to the actions of crushing and grinding.
 By using this methods the volume of MSW can be reduced up to
40%.
 It also helps in changing the physical character of the waste,
which becomes practically odourless and unattractive to the
insects.
 The pulverised refuse then disposed of by land filling or
discharged in the sewer.
 This method is quite costly and hence it is not commonly used in
India

15.  Method of combined disposal of refuse and night soil and sludge
and allowed to undergo decomposition and stabilization by the
action of bacteria.
 And this stabilized mass is brown in colour and known as
‘humus’.
 The final product will be good manure(fertilizer).
 There are 3 methods composting.
1. Composting by trenching,
2. Open window composting,
3. Mechanical composting.
 Vermi composting.

16.  This consists burning the refuse in the
incinerator plant.
 This method is commonly used in
disposing of garbage from hospital
and industrial plants.
 Before incineration, non-
combustible and inert materials like
earth, broken glass, chinaware, metal
etc., are separated so as to reduce the
load on hearth.
 The by product this method is ash
and clinker ,which can be easily
disposed by land filling.

17.  Also known as “Thermal Volume
Reduction” and “Destructive
Distillation”.
 Upon heating in closed containers in
oxygen free atmosphere, most of the
organic substances of solid waste can
be split through combination of
thermal cracking and condensation
reactions into gaseous, liquid and solid
fractions. This process is known as
Pyrolysis.
 In contrast to the combustion process
which is highly exothermic, the
pyrolysis is highly endothermic. That
is why, this process is also known as
“destructive distillation”.

18.  The pyrolysis of organic waste, produces the following
products at different temperatures.
1. A gas fraction :
It contains primarily hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide and various other gases.
2. A liquid fraction :
It consists a tar/ or oil, steam containing acetic acid, acetone
and methanol.
3. A solid fraction :
It consists almost pure carbon with other inert materials that
have entered the process.

19.  Solid waste can also be disposed of
by barging out into the sea, after
carrying it at reasonable distance
(say 15 to 20 km) into the sea.
 The sea depth at such point of
disposal should not be less than 30
m or so, and the direction of the
currents should be such as not to
bring it back towards the shore.
 Generally, Radioactive substances
are packed in containers and taken
deep into the sea and then dumped.
These containers reach the bottom of
the sea. In due course they lose their
radioactivity.

20.  This method is quite cheap and simple, but possess the
following disadvantages :-
1. Bulky and lighter matter may float, spread out and tend to
return to the shores during high tides.
2. During monsoons, it is not possible to send barges out into the
sea.
3. Inspite of best care, some portion of refuse may return the
shores and spoil them.
4. The method is suitable only in case of costal cities.

21. QUESTIONS PLEASE...!!!!!