Solid modeling represents 3D objects on a computer by providing surfaces and filling in spaces to make objects appear solid. It allows for accurate mass property calculations, hidden surface removal, and shaded renderings. Solid models are the preferred format for CAD as they provide an unambiguous representation that can be used for simulation, analysis of properties like volume and inertia, and manufacturing. There are three main types - wireframe, surface, and solid - with solid models being the most complete representation. Solid modeling has applications in engineering, entertainment, medicine, and more.