World History II SOL Review

1. Songhai –
wealth from
Gold-Salt
Trade
Taj Mahal
Islamic influence
Trade silk, spices,
gems, & textiles in
European trading
posts
Emperor
controlled
by shogun –
military
leader
Isolated
from
outside
influence
Expands
Capital renamed
Istanbul
United by Islam
Coffee, ceramics,
numeral system
Aztecs
Inca
England
France – both
modern &
wealthy
Russia – poor,
mostly farmers
Emperor controls
trade with
enclaves
Goods: Paper, silk,
compass
Trans-Sahara Trade
Silk Road

2. Rebirth of classical
knowledge
Begins in Italian city-states
Spreads to Northern Europe
Humanism – focus on
human values and
accomplishments,
learning
Mona Lisa
by Leonardo da
Vinci
Renaissance man
Sistine Chapel
By Michelangelo –
realist painter &
sculptor
Shakespeare
English playwright,
poet of Northern
Renaissance
Machiavelli – The Prince

3. Italians dominate
Corruption and sale of
indulgences
Huge wealth &
influence of merchants
Martin Luther
Salvation by faith alone
All humans equal before
God
Posts 95 Theses
(problems) on church
door
Begins Protestant
movement

4. Henry VIII of England
– Pope in Rome
English church
property as his
Elizabeth I
Anglican Church
Dissenters
Spanish Armada
Colonies
John
Calvin Predestination
What will happen
to you
Protestant movement

5. Princes
remains Catholic
30 Years War
Edict of Nantes
Calvinists in France
Makes 30 Years War political
John Wycliffe Jan Huss
Council of Trent
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Inquisition
individualism secularism
Religious toleration
Printing press
Higher literacy, spreads new ideas

6. Vasco da Gama Portugal Sails around Africa to create trade route to India
Columbus Spain Reaches the New World, decimates indigenous
Americans
Magellan Spain His crew 1st
to sail around the world, he dies in
Philippines
Hernan Cortes Spain Conquistador, conquered the Aztecs in Central Mexico
Francisco Pizarro Spain Conquistador, conquered the Inca in Peru
Francis Drake England Privateer, sailed around the world, defeated Spanish
Armada

7. Western Hemisphere – Native Americans
Corn, potatoes, tobacco
Europeans
Horses, cattle, diseases that kill
many Indians
lifestyles completely
leads to slavery
Plantation
economy and environment
Europe
Prince Henry of Portugal
pioneers exploration
Demand for gold
Competition for colonies
Africa
European trading ports
Slaves & gold exported
Christianity spreads
America
Rigid class system
Colonies imitate
mother country
Christianity
Sugar &
rum
Manufacturedgoods
Slaves
Economic practice, colonies benefit mother
country
banking system & money for markets

8. Centralize Power – take
all of it for themselves
Rule by Divine Right –
God’s will
Louis XIV
France
Builds palace
of Versailles
Spends to
expand royal
power
Peter the
Great
Russia Westernizes
Russia
Builds St.
Petersburg
Takes nobles
power
Ignores Parliament, raises taxes
Puritan military leader

9. Ignores Parliament, raises taxes
Puritan military leader
Cromwell dies and Charles II
restores the monarchy to England
Fights with Parliament
Factions modern
political parties
Peaceful, bloodless revolution
William Mary
share power equally
with Parliament
Grants rights
and freedoms to Englishmen
Royal power
Eventual democracy & America’s gov

10. Applies reason to human & natural world,
stimulates religious tolerance and new government
Leviathan Humans exist in nature
Government protects us
John Locke Government must protect
our life, liberty, & property
Montesquieu
Social Contract
The Spirit of Laws
Government is a contract
between people and ruler

11. Voltaire
Miguel Cervantes
Thomas
Jefferson
Eugene
Delacroix
Mozart
Religious toleration,
separation of church &
state
Declaration of
Independence
Baroque
composer
Concertos,
fugues
Symphonies,
operas
Romantic
painter
Don Quixote

12. Isaac Newton
Discovered
laws of gravity
Copernicus – developed heliocentric theory
Kepler – Discovered planetary motion
Galileo
Used telescope to support
heliocentric theory
William Harvey
Discovered
blood
circulation
Reason and observation lead to scientific method

14. Mexico City 
Havana 

15.  Sao Paulo
Lima 
Buenos
Aires 

20. Directly ruled by
foreign power
(America – 13 colonies)
Country protected by
another 1 (Hawaii)
Region where 1 country gets
trading rights (China)
Nationalism – competition
for power & wealth
Industrial Revolution –
demand for natural
resources and markets
European conflicts brought
to colonies
Dutch & British set up
trading ports in India
Christian missionaries
convert natives to
Christianity
Built in Egypt to cut
travel time to India, England controls it
Held in 1884,
European Powers divide up Africa for
themselves
Matthew Perry
1854 America
East India Company

21. Built in Egypt to cut
travel time to India, England controls it
Held in 1884,
European Powers divide up Africa for
themselves
Matthew Perry
1854 America
East India Company
Spheres of Influence
Great Britain
Indian National Congress
& pushes for independence
Foreigners
Boxer
Boxers – attack US merchants

22. ilitarism lliances mperialism ationalism
Europe divided into
competing groups
Central – Germany
Allies – England,
France, Russia
Competitionfor
colonies,resources,
andmarkets
Balkan Peninsula
– powder keg of
ethnic tension
Many diplomatic
failures
Assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand
of Austria starts the
war
Russian Revolution forces
Russia to leave the war & sign
treaty
Zimmerman Note makes
America join on Allied side
Armistice signed
& Treaty of
Versailles ends
the war

23. Woodrow Wilson
America’s president
Wanted to stay out
of WWI
Created 14 Points
plan for peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany’s leader
Loses empire
after the war to
the Allies
Forces Germany to
accept guilt for war
Puts limit on
Germany’s military
Independence
for helping
Europeans
fight in WWI
Alliance
future wars
America
weakness
League of Nations
Ottoman Empire &
Middle east
England
France

24. Japan
Landless peasants
Tsar Nicholas
WWI
Bolsheviks
Vladimir Lenin
Communist
Soviet
Union
New Economic Policy
Stalin
5 Year Plans
Secret police
farms
Great Purge

25. German reparations
High protective tariffs
Americans using credit
1929 Stock
Market Crash
unemployment
banks
prices
inflation
political

26. Adolf Hitler
Anti-semitism
National Socialism
– Nazi Party
Invades & Occupies
neighboring
countries
Joseph Stalin
Leads Soviet Union
Communist
Signs non-
aggression
pact with
Hitler
not to
fight
Benito
Mussolini
Leads
Fascist Party
Wants to return Italy
to glory of Rome
Invades Ethiopia in
show of force
Hideki Tojo & Hirohito
Militarism
Industrializes Japan
Invade Korea, Manchuria,
China for raw materials

27. Hideki Tojo & Hirohito
Militarism
Industrializes Japan
Invade Korea, Manchuria,
China for raw materials
Giving in to avoid war at
the Munich Conference
Poland
France Nazis
Britain
air England over Nazis
Germany Soviet Union
non-aggression pact
Japan America
D-Day
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
America’s
president at the start of WWII
President when FDR
dies, orders a-bomb dropped
England’s prime
minister who stands up to Nazis
Supreme Allied
commander of all allied forces
US general in charge
of the battle in Asia/Pacific

28. 1930s-1940s
Jews, non-
Aryans, disabled
Adolf Hitler’s
Final Solution

29. Universal Declaration of Human
Rights – UN statement of basic
rights all humans deserve
Japan now a
powerful,
wealthy ally
US occupies under
Gen. MacArthur
Superpowers the Soviet Union

32. Israeli Prime
Minister led Israel in Yom
Kippur War
Egypt’s
president, nationalized Suez
Canal, built Aswan Dam &
allied with Soviets
led violent
struggle against English
rule in Kenya
First black
president of South Africa,
fought against apartheid

33. Group
led by Gandhi that fought
for independence
prohibited
discrimination (caste
system)
England divided
India by religion with
Muslims in Pakistan
today the
world’s largest democracy
federal
system gives most power
to states in India
has
eased financial problems
After WWI used to control
territories in Mideast
Mandate power in Syria &
Lebanon
Mandate power in Jordan &
Palestine
Created after WWII out of
Palestine
Differences
create conflicts in
Palestine, Israel, etc
Gives power of self-
determination to African
colonies
imperial rule
by Europeans & economic
exploitation
Fights for
independence from France
peaceful
transitions to independence
violent fight for
independence
long struggle
against apartheid
(Segregation)

34. 1. High Literacy rate
2. Low fertility rate
(babies per mother)
3. Slow or no population
growth
4. Freemarket economies
5. Large middle class
6. Political freedom
1. High Birth rates = rapid growth
2. Low literacy rates
3. Little access to health care
4. Poverty
5. Poor health
Ethnic & religious conflict Climate change
illiteracy
Pollution rapid growth Terrorism

35. Refugees countries
Guest workers temporary
Global peace
keeping organization
lends money
to developing nations at a cost
free trade agreement
between US, Canada, & Mexico
Global
organization promoting free trade
- common currency and
easier borders in Europe
• Munich Olympics
• 9/11 attacks
• Car bombings
• Suicide bombers
• Airline hijackers
Surveillance
Review of privacy rights
Security at ports and airports
Identification badges and photos

36. India &
South Asia
Billion
Vedas
China,
India, Asia
Millions
4 Noble
Truths
Israel,
America
Millions
Torah –
written
record of
Hebrew
beliefs
Middle East
& Africa
Billions
Koran
(Qur’an)
North &
South
America,
Europe
Billions
New
Testament

37. India &
Pakistan
Karma –
knowledge
that all
thoughts &
actions have
consequences
Reincarnation
– rebirth
based on
karma
China &
freedom of
religion
Enlightenment
– spiritual
happiness
8 Fold Path –
steps you take
to reach
Enlightenment
Arab – Israeli
conflict – Yom
Kippur War
over Israel
10
Commandments
Guide moral &
religious
conduct
Arab-Israeli
conflict –
Middle East
5 Pillars –
basic acts of
faith for all
Muslims
Mecca &
Medina – holy
sites Muslims
should
pilgrimage to
Catholics &
Protestants
in N. Ireland
Jesus as son
of God
Councils
agree on
Church
doctrine