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European culture
This document provides a summary of major historical periods and events in European history, beginning with ancient Greek city-states and ending in the late 20th century. It covers the rise and fall of the Roman Empire between 476-1453 AD, the Middle Ages from 1000-1500, the Renaissance in the 1300s-1600s, the Enlightenment in the 1600-1700s, and the First Industrial Revolution. Key developments discussed include the influence of Greek philosophy and democracy, the military and engineering achievements of Rome, the rise of feudalism and the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages, the scientific and intellectual developments of the Renaissance, and the philosophical theories that emerged during the Enlightenment period.
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European culture
- 1. Swingby Corporation European &Japanese Culture By Ed Kuiters
- 2. Swingby ● Greek city-states ●Roman Empire ● 476 Middle Ages ● 1300 Renaissance & Protestant Reformation ● 1800 the Industrial Revolution & Colonialism ● 1917 World War I ● 1945 World War II ● 1947 - 1989 Cold War ● 1950 European Union Prezi https://goo.gl/rwbY14 History
- 3. Swingby ● Political theory ●Democracy ● Philosophy ● Art (theatre, poetry) ● Science (geometry, pi) ● City states, constant war and distrust ● Empire, Alexander the Great defeated Persians (331 BC) As far as the Indus river, but his army refused to follow him further east. Alexander was threatened by several plots and conspiracies. Some of his Macedonian didn't like the honor and generosity he bestowed on the Persians. Some of his Greek followers didn't like the influence of the Macedonians, who they thought of as half-civilized. And of course many Persians wanted to overthrow him and regain their lost power. When he died it became obvious that the "empire" was nothing but Alexander's personal possession: there was no legal or political framework holding it together without his outsized personality. Ancient Greeks
- 4. Swingby ● Included theGreek Empire (Byzantine empire or Eastern Roman empire) ● Military ● Engineering (sewage, water management, colosseum) ● Latin/ Greek language ● Adoption of Christianity ● Relative stability, relaxed control and economic prosperity made Roman Empire thrive. How? https://goo.gl/RZV3Z1 ● Too large to defend, split in Eastern and Western Empire ● Eastern empire was more affluent, which led to internal tensions that made the empire vulnerable from outside attacks like the Barbarians. Weakness led to outside attacks => money to mobilize army => taxes => local oppositions => tax evasions and internal struggle => weakness => outside attacks. ● Western empire fell in 476 (Germans/ Barbarians) ● Eastern empire fell in 1453 (Ottomans) Roman Empire
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- 7. Swingby Early, High, andLate Middle Ages. ● Early Middle Ages: population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples. Catholic Church. ● High Middle Ages (start 1000): population growth because of technological and agricultural innovations and warm climate => crop yields increased. Manors; the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles Feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason ● The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war Middle Ages
- 8. Swingby TED: https://goo.gl/yk03WJ ● TheBlack Death peaked in Europe between 1347 and 1350. It killed 1/3 of the population. It reduced world population from 450 million to between 350 and 375 million. ● Why? Astrological forces? Earthquakes?, Sent by God? Poisoning of wells by Jews? (lost fewer lives to the Plague due to their hygienic practices). ● Labor shortage, protectionism, war, malnutrition, poverty, disease and hunger, inflation. Deserted farmlands turn back to forests ● Labor shortage leads to wage increases and an end of feudalism in Western Europe => loss of power of the land owners ● Church could not protect us => loss of power & rise of Reformation Black death
- 9. Swingby Science: knowledge, comecloser to God. astronomy, physics, medicine Religion: Break away from the Catholic Church; Reformation (Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII) Exploration: new plants (potatoes), animals, diseases kill the natives and replaces locals with Europeans and Africans (slaves) Renaissance (1300 - 1600)
- 10. Swingby Reason Locke's theory ofmind; the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self. Define the "self" through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. He maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception (empiricism) something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Voltaire: freedom of religion. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being. This is no matter of faith, but of reason. Montesquieu: Trias Politica. Separation of legislature, executive, judiciary power. Enlightenment (1600 - 1700)
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