The document provides an overview for a 4th grade world history review class covering the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Age of Exploration, Industrial Revolution, and World War I. It defines key terms and concepts, lists important people, and highlights significant events for each time period. The analysis section examines the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation, exploration, Industrial Revolution, and World War I.

1. 4th Grading Review Class
World History – Social III
Prepared by: Mr. Kenno Jan M.
Caballero

2. Parts of the Review
1. Key Terms / Concepts
2. Important People
3. Significant Things
4. Analysis
Coverage of the Long Test
• Renaissance
• Protestant Reformation and Counter-
Reformation
• Age of Exploration (European Colonial Empire)
• Industrial Revolution
• World War I

3. Definition of Key Terms and Key Concepts – Necessary for Analysis
KEY TERMS / KEY CONCEPTS

4. Protestant Reformation and Counter -
Reformation
• Indulgence – a payment made to the Church
for the salvation of the soul in purgatory
• Great Schism – A period where there existed
to rival popes (one in Rome and one in France)
• Predestination – a doctrine championed by
John Calvin which tells that people who would
be saved by God were already predestined by
God
• Augsburg Confession – the creed of the
Lutheran Church

5. • Act of Supremacy – by King Henry VIII, an act
making the King of England as the head of the
Church of England
• 39 article – the creed of the Anglican Church
• Inquisition – a council which aims to put to
trial and punishment heresy
• Index – a list of books which Roman Catholics
are not allowed to read
• Society of Jesus – by St. Ignatius de Loyola, an
organization which aims to win back Catholics
from the Protestants

6. Age of Exploration
• Treaty of Tordesillas – A papal bull which
divides the World into two between
Spain(West) and Portugal(East)
• Mercantilism – An economic doctrine which
asserts that the basis of the greatness of a
nation would be the amount of gold and silver
that its possess
• Commercial Revolution – “Commerce” An
expansion of foreign trade

7. Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution – a non-violent change in
the way of life of humans which transforms the
economic and technological aspects of society;
the replacement of human labor by machines
• Domestic/Cottage Industries - a method of
production in which raw materials are distributed
to employees who work at home to produce
goods
• Factory system – a method of production in
which workers are brought together to produce
goods by machines in factories

8. • Bessemer process - removal of impurities
from iron to make it harder
• Macadamization – new way of building roads
• Capitalism – the economic system that is
based on a free market and open competition
• Laissez faire – No government intervention in
business
• Communism – A politico-economic system
where the means of production would be
held in common and everyone’s needs would
be met

9. World War I
• Imperialism – extending of a nation’s power
through the conquest of other land for
economic and political advantages
• Jingoism/Chauvinism – extreme nationalism
which looks down to other as “inferior”
• Militarism – a principle of placing the military
in the top priority of a country building up
powerful armies and great navies

10. • Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia
• Black Hand – A Serbian Secret Group which aims
to liberate Serbian lands from the hands of the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
• Trench Warfare – Method of war which builds up
defensive positions to protect territories gained
• Ace – A title given to a pilot who downed 5
enemy aircrafts being witnessed by three people
• Kaiser – German Emperor
• Czar – Russian Emperor

11. • Zimmerman note/code
• Fourteen Points – plans for peace by Pres.
Wilson
• Armistice – a halt to fighting; 11th month of
the 11th day of the 11th hour all fighting will
cease.
• Treaty of Versailles – aims to made Germany
pay for the war by crippling them

12. People who made a difference
IMPORTANT PEOPLE

13. • Martin Luther – “Father of the Protestant
Reformation; translated the Bible into
German; 95 Theses
• Johann Gutenburg – Inventor of the Printing
Press
• John Wycliffe – Translated the Bible to English
• Desiderius Erasmus – wrote the “In Praise of
Folly:
• Philip Melanchton – Augsburg Confessions

14. • John Calvin – Calvinism; Predestination
• John Knox – Presbyterianism-Scotland
• King Henry VIII – “Defender of the Faith”; Act
of Supremacy
• Council of Trent
• St. Ignatius de Loyola – Founder of the Society
of Jesus
• Francis Xavier – Apostle to the Indies

15. • Amerigo Vespucci – New World
• Christopher Columbus – discovers America
• Elizabeth I – “Mistress of the Seas”
• Hernando Cortez – conquered Mexico
• Ferdinand Magellan – discovered the Philippines
• Miguel Lopez de Legaspi – conquered the
Philippines
• Henry Ford – Assembly line
• Daimler Gottlieb – Internal Combustion engine
• Rudolf Diesel – Diesel engine
• Wright Brothers – Airplane
• Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone
• Samuel Morse – Telegraph
• Henry Bessemer – Bessemer Process
• John Mc Adam - Macadamization

16. • George Stephenson – Steam locomotive (Rocket)
• Robert Fulton – Steamship (Clermont)
• Karl Marx – “Communist Manifesto”; Father of
Communism
• Adam Smith – “Wealth of Nations”; Father of
Modern Economics – Capitalism
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand – Heir to the
Austrian-Hungarian throne
• Gavrilo Princip – Assassin of the Black Hand
Movement
• “Red Baron” – Greatest ace of the Great war
• Pres. Woodrow Wilson – 14 points; League of
Nations
• Vladimir Lenin – Father of Communist Russia
• Joseph Stalin – made Russia into a great power

17. Things to remember
SIGNIFICANT THINGS

18. • Invention of the Printing Press by Gutenburg
• Corruption in the Church –
Simony, Indulgence, luxurious life of
clergy, unbiblical practices
• Posting of the Ninety-five these in Wittenburg by
Martin Luther
• Salvation by Grace through Faith
• Bible as Sole guide for man’s salvation
• Excommunication of Martin Luther
• Spread Of Protestantism
• Catholic Counter-Reformation
• Council of Trent
• Missionary Achievements
• Pioneer of the Exploration – Portugal

19. • Discovery of a new route by sea to Asia by
Portugal
• Demarcation set by Rome
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Exploration of France, Netherlands, Britain
• Imperialism of European countries
• Africa as the Dark Continent
• Old World – Europe; New World – Americas
• Great Britain as pioneer of the Industrial
Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution – Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution starts with the Textile
Industry

20. • Improvement on Manufacturing (Mass
Production), Transportation, and
Communication
• Shift from Domestic to Factory system
• Assembly line improves the factory
• Shift from Mercantilism to Capitalism
• Capitalism vs. Communism
• Urbanization
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
starts World War 1 – the Great War
• Great War – “the war to end all wars”
• Austria attacks Serbia; Serbia backed by Russia

21. • Austria-Hungary backed by Germany
• Russia backed by France
• Germany attacks Belgium; Great Britain joins
the War: World War I begins
• Stalemate – both side are not winning
• Zimmerman code/note
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• 1917 – withdrawal of Russia from the war
• Germany surrenders despite not being
defeated
• 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month all
fighting would cease – Armistice
• Treaty of Versailles

22. • Collapse of Four World Empires –
German, Austrian-
Hungarian, Ottoman, Russian

23. ANALYSIS

24. Protestant Reformation and Counter-
Reformation
• Causes: Decline of the Papacy, Luxury of the
Church, Simony, Immoralities, Certain Church
doctrines that are not based form the Bible -
Indulgences
• Theological Issues: Sola Scriptura, Sola
Gratia, Sola Fide
• Start of the Reformation: Posting of the 95
Theses

25. • Difference of Catholics and Protestants
• Results of the Reformation:
• Destroyed Religious Unity
• Rise of different Christian denominations such
as Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans, etc.
• Reforms in the Catholic Church
• Religious War
• Started a spiritual revivals

26. Exploration
• Motivation/Reason: God, Gold, Glory
• Devices: Astrolabe, Portolani, Compass
• Henry the “Navigator”
• Results: Widening of the knowledge of
Geography, Spread of Christianity and
European civilization, Wars for Colonial
Supremacy, Commercial Revolution, Rise of
Mercantilism

27. Industrial Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution
• Textile Industries
• Transportation
• Communication
• Industrial Revolution – Mechanization, usage
of power, and factory
• Pioneer: Great Britain

28. Positive Effects Negative Effects
• Expansion of Industries • Ruining of the Domestic
• Increase in Commerce and system
trade • Exploitation of people
• Growth of population • Decadence of the rural
• Rise of Cities communities
• Greater comforts and High • Child and woman labor
standards of living • Unemployment
• Division of labor • Concentration of wealth to
• Increase of wealth a few people
• Capitalism • Clash among capitalists and
workers
• Communism

29. World War I
• Causes: Extreme
Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Rival
Alliances
• Tripe Alliance – Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Italy
• Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia
• Central Powers – Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Ottoman, Bulgaria, etc.
• Allies Powers –
Britain, France, Russia, U.S, Japan

30. • Formation of Alliances
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia
• Russia aids Serbia
• Germany helps Austria-Hungary
• France declares war to the Central Powers
• Germany attacks Belgium so it could go to
France
• Britain declares war
• Stalemate – Trench warfare
• American entry to the war
• Armistice
• Treaty of Versailles