Personality theory of emotion

Prepared by:
WILFRED L. GILE, LPT

IQ GETS YOU HIRED :
EQ GETS YOU
PROMOTED
-ANONYMOUS

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Review
Emotion
Elements of emotion
Robert Plutchik
Eckman

Terms to be use
 Compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or
law.
 Regulations are rules made by a government or other authority in order to control
the way something is done, or the way people behave.
 Simultaneously-at the same time
 Theory- a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially
one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.

Evolutionary Theory of Emotion

who proposed that emotions
evolved because they were
adaptive and allowed humans
and animals to survive and
reproduce
Charles Darwin

reproduce
Charles Darwin
Feelings of love and affection
lead people to seek mates and
reproduce.

reproduce
Charles Darwin
reproduce.
Feelings of fear compel
people to either fight or flee
the source of danger.

reproduce
Charles Darwin
According to the evolutionary theory
of emotion, our emotions exist
because they serve an adaptive role.
reproduce.

reproduce
Charles Darwin
According to the evolutionary theory
of emotion, our emotions exist
because they serve an adaptive role.
reproduce.
Emotions motivate people
to respond quickly to
stimuli in the environment,
which helps improve the
chances of success and
survival.

Understanding the emotions of other people and animals
also plays a crucial role in safety and survival. If you
encounter a hissing, spitting, and clawing animal, chances
are you will quickly realize that the animal is frightened or
defensive and leave it alone. By being able to interpret
correctly the emotional displays of other people and
animals, you can respond correctly and avoid danger.

The James-Lange Theory of Emotion
The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known
examples of a physiological theory of emotion.
Independently proposed by psychologist William James
and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of
emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of
physiological reactions to events.2

This theory suggests that seeing an external stimulus leads
to a physiological reaction. Your emotional reaction is
dependent upon how you interpret those physical
reactions.

According to this theory of emotion, you are not
trembling because you are frightened. Instead,
you feel frightened because you are trembling

The Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Another well-known physiological theory is the Cannon-
Bard theory of emotion. Walter Cannon disagreed with the
James-Lange theory of emotion on several different
grounds. First, he suggested, people can experience
physiological reactions linked to emotions without actually
feeling those emotions. For example, your heart might
race because you have been exercising, not because you
are afraid.

the theory proposes that emotions result when the
thalamus sends a message to the brain in response to a
stimulus, resulting in a physiological reaction. At the same
time, the brain also receives signals triggering the
emotional experience. Cannon and Bard’s theory suggests
that the physical and psychological experience of emotion
happen at the same time and that one does not cause the
other.

Schachter-Singer
Theory
Also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, the
Schachter-Singer theory is an example of a cognitive
theory of emotion. This theory suggests that the
physiological arousal occurs first, and then the individual
must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and
label it as an emotion. A stimulus leads to a physiological
response that is then cognitively interpreted and labeled,
resulting in an emotion.

The critical factor is the situation and the cognitive
interpretation that people use to label that emotion.

According to appraisal theories of emotion, thinking must
occur first before experiencing emotion. Richard Lazarus
was a pioneer in this area of emotion, and this theory is
often referred to as the Lazarus theory of emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal Theory

According to this theory, the sequence of events first
involves a stimulus, followed by thought, which then leads
to the simultaneous experience of a physiological
response and the emotion. For example, if you encounter
a bear in the woods, you might immediately begin to think
that you are in great danger. This then leads to the
emotional experience of fear and the physical reactions
associated with the fight-or-flight response.
Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to understand
and manage emotions. Experts agree that this type of
intelligence plays an important role in success, and some
have suggested that emotional intelligence, or EQ, might
even be more important than IQ. In any case, research has
suggested that emotional intelligence is linked to
everything from decision-making to academic
achievement

, or the ability to recognize and understand
your own emotions, is a critical part of
emotional intelligence. Beyond just
recognizing your emotions, however, is being
aware of the effect of your actions, moods,
and emotions on other people.
Self-awareness

To become self-aware, you must be capable of monitoring
your own emotions, recognizing different emotional
reactions, and then correctly identifying each particular
emotion. Self-aware individuals also recognize the
relationships between the things they feel and how they
behave

Self-Regulation
In addition to being aware of your
own emotions and the impact you
have on others; emotional
intelligence requires you to be
able to regulate and manage your
emotions. This doesn't mean
putting emotions on lockdown
and hiding your true feelings—it
simply means waiting for the right
time and place to express them.
Self-regulation is all about
expressing your emotions
appropriately.

Goleman also suggests that those with strong self-
regulation skills are high in conscientiousness. They are
thoughtful about how they influence others, and they take
responsibility for their own actions.

Being able to interact well with others is another
important aspect of emotional intelligence. True emotional
understanding involves more than just understanding your
own emotions and those of others. You also need to be
able to put this information to work in your daily
interactions and communications.
Social Skills

In professional settings, managers benefit by being able to
build relationships and connections with employees.
Workers benefit from being able to develop a strong
rapport with leaders and co-workers. Important social
skills include active listening, verbal communication skills,
nonverbal communication skills, leadership, and
persuasiveness.

Empathy
Empathy, or the ability to understand how others are
feeling, is absolutely critical to emotional intelligence. But
it involves more than just being able to recognize the
emotional states of others.

Motivation
Intrinsic motivation also plays a key role in emotional
intelligence. People who are emotionally intelligent are
motivated by things beyond external rewards like fame,
money, recognition, and acclaim
Instead, they have a passion to fulfill their own inner
needs and goals. They seek internal rewards,
experience flow from being totally in tune with an
activity, and pursue peak experiences.
Those who are competent in this area tend to be
action-oriented. They set goals, have a high need
for achievement, and are always looking for ways to
do better. They also tend to be very committed and
are good at taking initiative

Reference :
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-james-lange-
theory-of-emotion-2795305
https://www.healthline.com/health/cannon-bard
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
psychology/chapter/theories-of-emotion/

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