Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals between different social groups or classes, encompassing both horizontal (same status) and vertical (changing status) mobility. It is influenced by various factors like education, economic conditions, and society's structure, and it carries both merits, such as societal progress, and demerits, including discontent and social disorder. The role of education is crucial, impacting students' and teachers' mobility and overall societal advancement.

1. Social Mobility

2. • Social mobility mean any transition of an individual
from one position to another in a constellation of
social group and strata (Sorokin).
• Social mobility is the movement of a person from
one social group to another social group (Headrick).
• Social mobility means movement from one social
class to another involving the consolidating of the
various elements of the new social position,
including occupation, income, type of house,
neighbourhood, new friends, and new organisational
membership (Havighurst and Neugarten).

3. Types of Social Mobility
• Horizontal Social Mobility-position of the
person changes, but its salary, prestige, grade
and other privileges remain the same.
• Vertical Social Mobility-means achieving lower
to higher , higher to lower social status and
prestige

4. Horizontal Social Mobility
• Occupational Mobility
• Interreligious Mobility
• Inter-group Mobility
• Family Mobility
• Territorial Mobility
• Party Mobility
• International Mobility

5. Vertical Social Mobility
• Ascending Social Mobility
• Descending Social Mobility
Generally ascending and descending social
mobility is seen in economic, political and
occupational field.

6. Factors Influencing Social Mobility
• Administrative set up ( democratic set up)
• Aspirational level
• Demographic structure ( migration of people)
• Industrial automation ( unemployment as well as
creation of more job opportunities)
• Development of education
• Economic success
• Occupational improvement
• Structure of society-( open/ closed)

7. Merits of Social Mobility
• Wholesome development of individual
• Development of social efficiency and social
progress
• Remedy of maladjustment
• Higher position of deserving persons
• Progress of society towards stability
• Promotion of national solidarity
• Development of welfare and happiness

8. Demerits of Social Mobility
• Constant discontent of individual with social
order
• Disorder in rural and urban societies
• Development of pride and snobbery in
individuals

9. Education and Social Mobility
• Social Mobility of Students
• Amount of Education
• Educational Curriculum ( Arts/ Science)
• Academic Achievement ( higher achievement,
research work ,etc.)
• Importance of educational institution
• Social Mobility of Teachers ( professional
development)

10. Education and Social Mobility
• Social Mobility of Students
• Amount of Education
• Educational Curriculum ( Arts/ Science)
• Academic Achievement ( higher achievement,
research work ,etc.)
• Importance of educational institution
• Social Mobility of Teachers ( professional
development)