Social stratification refers to the hierarchical ranking of social groups based on factors like wealth, income, occupation and education. Education plays a key role in both social stratification and social mobility. It determines social placement and can reinforce stratification by helping maintain intergenerational status, or promote mobility by allowing people to change their social position. Social mobility refers to movement between social classes, and can be vertical (changing status levels) or horizontal (changing positions within the same status). Education is a fundamental factor for development and can facilitate both economic growth and social mobility.

1. WELCOME

2. •EDUCATION IN RELATION
TO SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
AND SOCIAL MOBILITY

3. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
• The term derived – geological concept of ‘strata’ which means rock
layers created by natural processess.
• In sociology, It is a concept involving classification of people into
groups – based on-shared socio-economic conditions.
• It is a system by which society ranks categories of people in a
hierarchy.

4. DEFINITION
• Raymond .w.murray – “Social stratification is horizontal division of
society into higher and lower social units .

5. FEATURES
• It is a social and economic categorization of individuals .
• It is based on caste ,class,status and power of a community .
• It exists because of natural differences in peoples abilities.
• It lessens conflicts and provide structure .
• It is a natural and voluntary separation according to race,social,and
economic status.

6. PRINCIPLES
IT IS BASED ON 4 BASIC PRINCIPLES-
1. It is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual
differences.
2. It carries over from generation to generation .
3. It is universal but variable .
4. It involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.

7. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
EDUCATION AND SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
• Education as a social stratification.
• Education as a determinant of social placement and social
stratification .
• Education as an agency of stratification and as an agency
of status retention .

8. SOCIAL MOBILITY
• Social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups of people
in social position.
• It is the movement of individuals social groups or categories of
people between the layers or strata in a stratification system.
• Any individual is in a position to raise up or lower his status in the
social setup according to his desire and efforts .

9. DEFINITION
• THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA- Social mobility is the movement
of individual ,families and groups from one social position to
another.

10. TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
1. VERTICAL SOCIAL MOBILITY –
• It refers to movement of an individual or people or groups from
one status to another
• Example- movement frim the status of plumber to that of a
corporation president.

11. TYPES OF VERTICAL SOCIAL
MOBILITY
• ASCENDING SOCIAL MOBILITY- It means the entry of persons
from lower status and prestige to high status .
eg: promotion of a clerk to an officer
• DESCENDING SOCIAL MOBILITY- It means going down of a
person from higher position to lower positions.
eg: Degradation of a minister to the status of a voter.

12. • INTRA –GENERATIONAL SOCIAL MOBILITY- It refers to the social
mobility within a single generation.
eg: a person begins his career as a primary teacher later becomes
a high school teacher then to professor
• INTER –GENERATIONAL SOCIAL MOBILITY- It is defined as
changes in social status that occur from the parents to children
generation
eg: when the son of an unskilled workerbbecomes a school
teacher and his grandson becomes a doctor.

13. 2. HORIZONTAL MOBILITY
• It is a change in position without any change in status .
• It is a movement from one status to its equivalent .
• eg: A college graduate with a degree in chemistry planned to
work in research department but agter a year he finds that the
work seems dull and repetitive so he quit the job and becomes a
professor of chemistry .it was simply move to a more satisfying
job.

14. TYPES OF HORIZONTAL MOBILITY
• OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY- There are different occupatons
having different social status .it is not necessary that if an
occupation has economic status ,it should also have a high social
status .
eg: Illeagal drug mafia’s may be rich ,but their social status is very
low.

15. • INTER –GROUP MOBILITY IN RACE ,SEX AND AGE GROUP
• There is no mobility among people of same race,sex and age
groups .
• The reason behind this is that nobody can change his race ,sex and
age on his will or wish .

16. PARTY MOBILITY
• Leaving one political party and joining another party .
• This type of mobility occur because of self interest ,political
instability,moral character.

17. EDUCATION AND SOCIAL
MOBILITY
1. ECONOMIC GROWTH
2. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
3. HUMAN CAPITAL
4. EMPIRICAL ANALYSES
5. IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
6. EDUCATION IS THE FUNDAMENTAK FACTORS OF
DEVELOPMENT

18. •THANKS