This document discusses various methods for classifying individuals and families based on socioeconomic status. It describes Karl Marx and Weber's theories of social stratification and then presents several scales used in both urban and rural areas of India to measure factors like education, occupation, income, assets, and place of residence. It specifically outlines Kuppuswamy's method, which assigns scores in these areas to determine an individual's or family's social class as upper, upper middle, lower middle, upper lower, or lower.

1. Dr sunil pal singh.c

2.  Karl Marx theory
 Weber’s theory
How the people in the community are differentiated ?

3. For urban areas:
Kuppuswamy’s classification, verma scale,Tuassig
scale, Sims scale,Warner’s scale,Hollingshed scale
For rural areas:
Uday pareek and G Trivedi scale,lewis and Dhillon
scale, Freeman scale

4. As a characteristics for a social
classification,especially for social pathology
Eg: caste and birth order:
caste 1st
birth order 2nd
3rd 4th
SC 35.5 47.0 10.8 6.6
ST 30.1 29.5 12.3 28.0
OBC 39.5 40.6 14.9 5.0
Others 44.1 12.7 12.7 5.8

5.  To understand the human behaviour
 Economic rewards
 Determinant of authority
 Degree of status

6. Education
Any person who is able to read and write with
understanding in any language is considered as
literate.
education Hyderabad Slum Non-slum
No education 16.2 20.4 15.4
<5yrs complete 13.7 14.2 13.6
5-9 yrs complete 26.1 27.8 25.7
10-11yrs complete 16.9 15.5 17.2
>12yrs complete 26.9 21.8 28.0
missing 0.2 0.2 0.2

7. INCOME :
Income is included in various methods of social
classification
Assessed directly by interviews / questionnaire indirectly
by assets and liabilities
Wealth index IMR/1000 live births
lowest 70.4
second 68.5
middle 58.3
fourth 44.0
highest 29.2

8. Another characteristics used for social
classification
 Religion
 Purchasing power
 Residence (rural & urban)
 Area of residence
 Type of house (kuccha / pukka / owned /
rented)

9. B.G. Prasad’s Method of Social Classification
Social Class Per Capita Income (Rs)
As suggested By Prasad(1961) Updated As per Index for
may 2011(cpi=865)
1 100 & Above 4264& Above
2 50 – 99 2132-4221.4
3 30 – 49 1279.2-2089.4
4 15 – 29 639.6 – 1236.6
5 Below 15 Below 639.6

10. Kuppuswamy’s Method of Social Classification of An
Individual (Urban)
Item Score
A.Education
1.Professional Degree, Honors
Degree, Post Graduate Degree 7
2 .Graduation 6
3 .Intermediate, post High School
Diploma 5
4 .High School Certificate 4
5 .Middle School Certificate 3
6 .Primary School of Literate 2
7 .Illiterate 1

11. Kuppuswamy’s Method of Social Classification of An
Individual (Urban)
Item Score
B. Occupation
1.Profession 10
2.Semi-profession 06
3.Clerical, Shop Owner ,Farm Owner 05
4.Skilled Worker 04
5.Semi-Skilled Worker 03
6.Un-Skilled Worker 02
7.Un-employed 01

12. Kuppuswamy’s Method of Social Classification of An
Individual (Urban)
Item Score
.Income Per Month
(Rs.)
score Modified for 2007
=2000 12 19575
1000-1999 10 9788-19575
750-999 6 7323-9787
500-749 4 4894-7322
300-499 3 2396-4893
101-299 2 980-2935
<100 1 <979

13. Kuppuswamy’s Method of Social Classification of An
Individual (Urban)
Calculation : Social Class
Total Score (=A+B+C)
26 – 29 upper class
16 – 25 upper middle
11 – 15 lower middle
05 – 10 upper-lower class
Below 05 lower class

14. Modified method of Kuppuswami for Social Classification of
Family (Urban)
Item Score
A.Education of Family Head
1. Professional Degree, Post
Graduate and Above 7
2. Graduate 6
3. Intermediate 5
4. High School Certificate 4
5. Middle School Certificate 3
6. Primary or Literate 2
7. Illiterate 1

15. Modified method of Kuppuswamy for Social
Classification of Family (Urban)
Item Score
B. Occupation of Family Head
(Last Occupation if retired)
1. Profession 10
2. Semi – Profession 06
3 . Clerical, shop Owner, Farm Owner 05
4. Skilled Worker 04
5. Semi – skilled Worker 03
6. Un – skilled Worker 02
7. Un – employed 01

16. Modified method of Kuppuswami for Social Classification
of Family (Urban)
Item Score
C. Per Capita Income
(Rs./Month)
1. 800 or above 12
2. 400 to 799 10
3. 300 to 399 06
4. 200 to 299 04
5. 120 to 199 03
6. 40 to 199 02
7. below 40 01

17. Modified method of Kuppuswamy for Social
Classification of Family (Urban)
Calculation : Social Class
Total Score ( = a+b+c)
26 – 29 upper
16 – 25 upper middle
11 – 15 lower middle
05 – 10 upper lower
Below 05 lower class