Social mobility refers to changes in social status or position, such as upward, downward, or parallel movements. It is related to changes in a person's social status and is a characteristic of industrial or urban societies. There are different types of social mobility including horizontal (movement within the same social level), vertical (movement up or down levels), and inter-generational occupational mobility (a change or adoption of occupations between generations). Sources of vertical social mobility include institutions like the army, religious groups, schools, politics, businesses, and families.

1. Topic -III
UNIT-II

2. Social Mobility
 Change in social status
 Characteristics of industrial or urban
society

3. Definition
 Social mobility refers to movements up and
down in social status (Hartone and Hunt)
 Social status – any change in social position.

4. Characteristics
 Related to status of a person
 Change in status of a person
 Change – upward, downward, parallel
 Mobility found in urban, industrial societies

5. Sorokin:
 Horizontal Social Mobility
 Vertical social mobility
Horizontal mobility
 Movement on the same social level
Vertical social mobility
 Movement -upwards and downwards
Types of Social Mobility

6.  Intra Religious Mobility
 Inter State Mobility
 Inter Occupational Mobility
 Ascending
 Descending
Types of Horizontal Social Mobility
Types of Vertical Social Mobility

7.  Change in status and role- leads to change
in class position
 Army
 Religious institutions
 Schools
 Political institutions
 Wealth making organization
 family
Meaning of Vertical Mobility
Sources of Vertical Social Mobility - Sorokin

8. Inter generational occupational mobility
 Change in occupation within one’s lifetime
Intergenerational occupational mobility
 Descending adoption of a profession by next
generation.
Social Mobility – Two Types – Lipset Bondix

9.  Productive Mobility
 Migratory Mobility
 Technical Mobility
Division into Three Types – J.H. Kohl

10.  Helps in changing racial structure
 Change in human behavior and psychology
 Effects in cooperation, competition,
integration, social organization
 Impact on various areas - Educational,
Political, social, economic, industrial etc.,
Merits of Social Mobility - Sorokin