This document provides an overview of smart home technology. It discusses how smart homes use internet-connected devices to automate and monitor home systems. The document outlines the history of home automation beginning in the early 1900s. It describes the key components of smart homes including sensors, devices, and communication protocols. Finally, it discusses some of the main smart home technologies like X10, ZigBee, Z-Wave and Bluetooth that allow devices to communicate within a smart home network.

1. GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
Smart Home
Author:
MD.AL-AMIN
SAKIUZZAMAN
Supervisor:
Mr.MD.ASHADUZZAMAN
December 26, 2018

2. Smart Home
Abstract— A smart home is an application of ubiqui-
tous computing in which the home environment is mon-
itored by ambient intelligence to provide context-aware
services and facilitate remote home control. This paper
presents an overview of previous smart home research as
well as the associated technologies. A brief discussion on
the building blocks of smart homes and their interrela-
tionships is presented. It describes collective information
about sensors, multimedia devices, communication pro-
tocols, and systems, which are widely used in smart home
implementation. Special algorithms from different fields
and their significance are explained according to their
scope of use in smart homes. This paper also presents
a concrete guideline for future researchers to follow in
developing a practical and sustainable smart home.
I. INTRODUCTION
This study discusses the concept of Smart Home
and how smart home can be applied broadly and
deeply to different fields. Smart home is often
referred to home automation facilitated residences
or housing, but if dissecting it from the definition
and composition, it might be fair to ask for what
more and where else the smart home might be
used. The study analyzes the attributes of a smart
home, studies the process to develop the smart
home as a new product and explores the possi-
bilities of using smart home as one fundamental
cell to construct various product portfolios.The
Internet of Things (IOT) technology establishes
a connection between all things and the Internet-
via sensing devices and implements intelligent the
identification and management. The information
sensing devices include RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification Devices), infrared sensors, GPS and
laser scanner devices. They are all connected to the
Internet to implement remote perception and con-
trol. IOT is widely applied in intelligent transporta-
tion, environment protection, government work,
public security,smart home, intelligent fire control,
industrial monitoring, elderly care, personal health,
etc. The network in the diagram refers to a certain
network which can achieve recognition, position-
ing, tracking, surveillance and management intel-
ligently. With the development of economy and
the advent of information-based society, people’s
requirements for living condition are continuously
increasing. Building smart home and intelligent
residential district based on the application of in-
formation technology gradually is becoming more
and more imperative. It is important to process and
use the enormous and decentralized information.
The service computing based on component and
SOA become the key point of IOT and then to
adapt to the every-changing requirements.
II. SMART HOME
SMART home technology use devices con-
nected to the Internet of things (IoT) to automate
and monitor in-home systems. It stands for Self-
Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology.
The technology was originally developed by IBM
and was referred to as Predictive failure analysis.
The first contemporary SMART home technology
products became available to consumers between
1998 and the early 2000s. SMART home tech-
nology allows users to control and monitor their
connected home devices from SMART home apps,
smart-phones, or other networked devices. Users
can remotely control connected home systems
whether they are home or away. This allows for
more efficient energy and electric use as well
as ensuring your home is secure. SMART home
technology contributes to health and well-being

3. enhancement by accommodating people with spe-
cial needs, especially older people. SMART home
technology is now being used to create SMART
cities. A Smart city functions similar to a SMART
home, where systems are monitored to more effi-
ciently run the cities and save money.
III. HISTORY
Early home automation began with labor-saving
machines. Self-contained electric or gas powered
home appliances became viable in the 1900s
with the introduction of electric power distribu-
tion and led to the introduction of washing ma-
chines (1904), water heaters (1889), refrigerators,
sewing machines, dishwashers, and clothes dryers.
In 1975, the first general purpose home automation
network technology, X10, was developed. It is a
communication protocol for electronic devices. It
primarily uses electric power transmission wiring
for signaling and control, where the signals involve
brief radio frequency bursts of digital data, and
remains the most widely available. By 1978, X10
products included a 16 channel command con-
sole, a lamp module, and an appliance module.
Soon after came the wall switch module and the
first X10 timer. By 2012, in the United States,
according to ABI Research, 1.5 million home
automation systems were installed. According to
Li et al. (2016) there are three generations of home
automation: -
1. First generation: wireless technology with proxy
server, e.g. ZigBee automation;
2. Second generation: artificial intelligence con-
trols electrical devices, e.g. Amazon Echo;
3. Third generation: robot buddy who interacts
with humans, e.g. Robot Rovio, Roomba. The
word ”domestics” a contraction of the Latin word
for a home and the word robotics.
IV. COMPONENTS
A. Sensors
In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device,
module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect
events or changes in its environment and send
the information to other electronics, frequently
a computer processor. A sensor is always used
with other electronics. Sensors are used in ev-
eryday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator
buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim
or brighten by touching the base, besides innu-
merable applications of which most people are
never aware. With advances in micro-machinery
and easy-to-use micro-controller platforms, the
uses of sensors have expanded beyond the tra-
ditional fields of temperature, pressure or flow
measurement, for example into MARG sensors.
Moreover, analog sensors such as pentameters and
force-sensing resistors-are still widely used. Ap-
plications include manufacturing and machinery,
airplanes and aerospace, cars, medicine, robotics
and many other aspects of our day-to-day life.
. Security system sensors
2. Occupancy and motion sensors
3. Environmental sensors
a. Temperature
b. Smoke
c. Water leaks
d. Weather
4. Audio/Video sensors
B. Devices
1. Smart bulb lamp
The bulb is equipped with an intelligent chip
which is connected to the intelligent gateway
through the WiFi, and does not need special
wiring when in use. It supports remote control,
adjustment and status synchronization of the mo-

4. bile phone, and can be set on time to open.
2. Smart Socket
The socket is equipped with an intelligent chip
which is connected to the intelligent gateway
through the WiFi, and the plug and play de-
vice does not need special wiring to support any
light bulb. It supports remote control, adjustment
and status synchronization of the mobile phone
3. Smart Wireless Swtich
The wireless transmission has the advantages of
no wiring, flexible location and low cost; and the
intelligent switch box is composed of a light-
ing control system, and can realize one to one,
one to many, many to one control, and sup-
port the remote control of the mobile phone.
4.Smart Remote Control
The utility model has the advantages of simple
configuration and convenient installation, and the
large code library matches most of the air con-
ditioners. The utility model can remotely con-
trol the switch of the air conditioner, the wind
speed, the wind direction, the temperature, etc
5.Air Conditioner Assistant
Plug and play, compatible with the most of the
air conditioners; Internet + smart gateway, achiev-
ing mobile remote control switch, air tempera-
ture, wind speed and direction, real-time feed-
back of the running state of the air conditioners.
V. SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY
All the appliances and devices are receivers,
and the means of controlling the system, such as
remote controls or keypads, are transmitters. If
you want to turn off a lamp in another room, the
transmitter will issue a message in numerical code
that includes the following:-
1.An alert to the system that it’s issuing a com-
mand,
2.An identifying unit number for the device that
should receive the command and
3.A code that contains the actual command, such
as ”turn off.”
All of this is designed to happen in less than
a second, but X10 does have some limitations.
Communicating over electrical lines is not al-
ways reliable because the lines get ”noisy” from
powering other devices. An X10 device could
interpret electronic interference as a command and

5. react, or it might not receive the command at
all. While X10 devices are still around, other
technologies have emerged to compete for your
home networking dollar.Instead of going through
the power lines, some systems use radio waves to
communicate, which is also how WiFi and cell
phone signals operate. However, home automation
networks don’t need all the juice of a WiFi network
because automation commands are short messages.
The two most prominent radio networks in home
automation are ZigBee and Z-Wave. Both of these
technologies are mesh networks, meaning there’s
more than one way for the message to get to its
destination.
A. Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for
exchanging data over short distances (using short-
wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band
from 2.400 to 2.485 GHz from fixed and mobile
devices, and building personal area networks
(PANs). It was originally conceived as a wireless
alternative to RS-232 data cables. Bluetooth is
managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group
(SIG), which has more than 30,000 member
companies in the areas of telecommunication,
computing, networking, and consumer electronics.
The IEEE standardized Bluetooth as IEEE
802.15.1, but no longer maintains the standard.
The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the
specification, manages the qualification program,
and protects the trademarks. A manufacturer must
meet Bluetooth SIG standards to market it as a
Bluetooth device. A network of patents apply to
the technology, which are licensed to individual
qualifying devices.
B. Ziggbee
An application may consist of communicating
objects which cooperate to carry out the desired
tasks. The focus of Zigbee is to distribute work
among many different devices which reside within
individual Zigbee nodes which in turn form a
network (said work will typically be largely local
to each device, for instance, the control of each
household appliance).The collection of objects
that form the network communicates using the
facilities provided by APS, supervised by ZDO
interfaces. The application layer data service
follows a typical request-confirm/indication-
response structure. Within a single device, up
to 240 application objects can exist, numbered
in the range 1-240. 0 is reserved for the ZDO
data interface and 255 for broadcast; the 241-254
range is not currently in use but may be in the
future.

6. C. Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is technology for radio wireless local area
networking of devices based on the IEEE 802.11
standards. Wi Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi
Alliance, which restricts the use of the term Wi-Fi
Certified to products that successfully complete
inseparability certification testing. Devices that
can use Wi-Fi technologies include desktops and
laptops, video game consoles, smart phones and
tablets, smart TVs, digital audio players, cars and
modern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can
connect to the Internet via a WLAN and a wireless
access point. Such an access point (or hotspot)
has a range of about 20 meters (66 feet) indoors
and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage
can be as small as a single room with walls that
block radio waves, or as large as many square
kilometres achieved by using multiple overlapping
access points. Different versions of Wi-Fi exist,
with different ranges, radio bands and speeds.
Wi-Fi most commonly uses the 2.4 gigahertz (12
cm) UHF and 5.8 gigahertz (5 cm) SHF ISM radio
bands; these bands are subdivided into multiple
channels. Each channel can be time-shared by
multiple networks. These wavelengths work best
for line-of-sight. Many common materials absorb
or reflect them, which further restricts range, but
can tend to help minimize interference between
different networks in crowded environments. At
close range, some versions of Wi-Fi, running on
suitable hardware, can achieve speeds of over
1 Gbit/s. Anyone within range with a wireless
network interface controller can attempt to
access a network; because of this, Wi-Fi is more
vulnerable to attack (called eavesdropping) than
wired networks. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
is a family of technologies created to protect
information moving across Wi-Fi networks and
includes solutions for personal and enterprise
networks. Security features of WPA have included
stronger protections and new security practices as
the security landscape has changed over time.
D. Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is shared pools of configurable
computer system resources and higher-level
services that can be rapidly provisioned with
minimal management effort, often over the
Internet. Cloud computing relies on sharing of
resources to achieve coherence and economies
of scale, similar to a public utility. Third-party
clouds enable organizations to focus on their
core businesses instead of expending resources
on computer infrastructure and maintenance.[1]
Advocates note that cloud computing allows
companies to avoid or minimize up-front IT
infrastructure costs. Proponents also claim that
cloud computing allows enterprises to get their
applications up and running faster, with improved
manageability and less maintenance, and that it
enables IT teams to more rapidly adjust resources
to meet fluctuating and unpredictable demand.

7. Cloud providers typically use a ”pay-as-you-go”
model, which can lead to unexpected operating
expenses if administrators are not familiarized
with cloud-pricing models.
E. Arduino
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software
company, project and user community that designs
and manufactures single-board micro controllers
and micro controller kits for building digital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and
control objects in the physical and digital world.
Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser
General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU
General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the
manufacture of Arduino boards and software
distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are
available commercially in reassembled form or as
do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of mi-
croprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog in-
put/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards or breadboards (shields)
and other circuits. The boards feature serial com-
munications interfaces, including Universal Serial
Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used
for loading programs from personal computers.
The micro controllers are typically programmed
using a dialect of features from the programming
languages C and C++. In addition to using tra-
ditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino project
provides an integrated development environment
(IDE) based on the Processing language project.
VI. SMART HOME APPLICATIONS
A. Voice Control
In the past, a home automation app and touch-
screen devices were used to manage a smart
home system. Now home control is possible using
voice commands. The technology is constantly
developing, as AI systems controlled by speech
learn on their own and become more and more
precise. Due to continuous context analysis, they
understand better what the user says. Thus, a smart
loudspeaker performs tasks increasingly reliable.
B. Burglary prevention
With remote access, you can keep an eye on
your home even when you’re away on holiday.
The newest generation of smart home applications
goes one step further. When it gets dark outside,
the smart home system switches lamps on and off,
raises and lowers the shutters, plays sounds from
loudspeakers (e.g. dogs barking), etc.
C. Intelligent Control
In order to simplify management of complex
situations, smart home systems include so-called
situation models. Thereby, a case is connected to
one or several devices using a particular rule. As
an example, if it starts raining, the system retracts
awning. For a TV night, several applications can be
activated at the same time at a touch of a fingertip:
the lighting atmosphere is changed, roller shutters
are lowered, and the TV set is started.
D. Remote health monitoring
More and more older people wish to stay in-
dependent as long as possible. The home au-
tomation technology provides seniors and their
family members with a necessary support. Motion
sensors, door and window contacts allow family
members, friends and nursing service to timely
detect emergencies, e.g. in case the person has
fallen, so the care staff can react quickly.

8. VII. WHY SMART HOME?
Think about how much time it takes
every day to open the shades, turn on the
morning news, let the dog out, and so on.
Wouldn’t’t you like to do all that (and
more) with one command? By programming
these chores into task profiles, you can.
Following the success of the smart thermostat
that Internet of Things company Nest Labs
introduced in 2011, a barrage of smart home
products hit the market–think, smart blenders and
smart toothbrushes. The problem is that many
have failed to gain traction with consumers. A
survey of 28,000 people in 28 countries released
by consulting firm Accenture this week found
that just 9 percent of respondents planned to buy
connected devices in 2016, roughly the same
percentage as a 2014 survey.
VIII. BENEFITS OF SMART HOME SYSTEM
A. Enhanced comfort
Smart home systems let you easily adjust the
comfortable temperature at home directly from
your smart phone, e.g. whilst driving from the
office. Just at a touch of a fingertip, you can close
roller shutters, control heaters and air conditioners,
switch lights and other home appliances on/off
wherever you currently are.
B. Greater safety
Smart home applications provide significant se-
curity benefits. Safety devices preventing burglary
and unauthorized access or opening have already
become a standard in smart home equipment.
Wireless motion detectors and water leak sensors
integrated into a home control system allows you
recognizing potential dangers or accidents.
C. Energy saving
Smart home solutions allow you reducing en-
ergy consumption by powering off home devices
not being used. Moreover, smart home apps pro-
vide individualized hints on how you can manage
your energy more efficiently. Concurrently, they let
you customize your home to your personal needs
and lifestyle. Hence, just a simple app enables
energy saving.
D. Increased convenience
Smart home automation gives you the entire
control over your home just at a touch. You don’t
have to trust your neighbors to feed the plants or
deliver mail during your absence. Using a smart
home mobile app allows locking and unlocking
doors remotely, so the need for a physical set
of keys is eliminated. At your command, you
can easily check your household chores are being
performed, so you stay in control of your house
anytime, anywhere.
i). Easy-to-use and customize interface of Smart
Home app
ii). Technology consulting, advisory on choice of
tools and approaches
iii). Building solid and salable application archi-
tecture (client and server side)
iv). Ensuring security and proper rights segregation
v). Control and operation of Smart Home via smart
phone application
vi). Support and re-design of existing products for
home automation
IX. CONCLUSION
People who are elderly or disabled benefit the
most from a home automation system that employs
artificial intelligence. These systems offer those
who are less mobile, or in delicate health, the
opportunity to be independent, rather than staying
in an assisted living facility.Designing a Smart
Home is also very crucial. This can be tough;
putting together a home design that reflects your
taste, yet also fits your needs and budget is a
balancing act that takes planning. The following
are ten guidelines to help you on your way:
1. Do Your Home Design Homework - You must
first decide what type of home to build. House
styles today are as varied as those who live in

9. them, offering you a banquet of ideas from which
to borrow.
2. Create Your Home Design List - When creating
a list of criteria for your home design, start with
the basics: the number of bedrooms, the number of
bathrooms, the number of family areas, the choice
between a formal dining room or a more open,
community eating area, porch or deck styles for
your home’s entrances and the size of your garage.
3. Check Local Zoning Laws - Zoning laws can
affect everything from house framing to yard fenc-
ing.
4. Design Within Your Budget - Once your list is
completed, compare it to your budget and adjust
to fit.
5. Design to Fit Your Plot - Your land is unique;
each plot has assets and challenges. Keep these
in mind while creating your home design. Use
existing grades of your plot to your favor. If your
lot slopes sharply to the side, consider a walkout
side basement door instead of the traditional back
door. Working with your land, instead of against,
saves you excavating costs and retains more of
your plots natural character.
6. Maximize Your Space Efficiency - When map-
ping out your floor plan, make sure there is a
logical flow to your home design. You want to
simplify life for your contractor while he builds
and for your family while they live in it.
7. Plan for Expansion - If you can’t afford to build
your entire dream house now, plan your home
design so that expansion is not only possible, but
easy. One way of doing so is to build your home
in phases.
8. Picture Interior Design - When putting together
your floor plan, place furniture in the design to
see how it all fits together. You can do this us-
ing graph paper, magazine clippings or by using
home design software. Also, consider your lighting
scheme, paint and flooring choices, and how your
design will work for entertaining–planning for all
your favorite activities will help you create proper
seating, dining and socializing space.
9. Don’t Forget the Sun - The position of the
sun can affect your home design in many ways,
depending on the direction your home faces. A
south facing home will be warmer in the winter,
but hotter in the summer. Place windows to take
advantage of natural light, which allows for better
energy conservation.
10. Beautify All Sides of Your Home Design
- Remember that window placement affects the
inside and outside look of your house. Whether
you live on a corner.
Occupancy-aware control system:-
It is possible to sense the occupancy of the home
using smart meters[13] and environmental sensors
like CO2 sensors, which can be integrated into
the building automation system to trigger auto-
matic responses for energy efficiency and build-
ing comfort applications. Appliance control and
integration with the smart grid and a smart meter,
taking advantage, for instance, of high solar panel
output in the middle of the day to run washing
machines. Home robots and security: a household
security system integrated with a home automation
system can provide additional services such as
remote surveillance of security cameras over the
Internet, or access control and central locking of
all perimeter doors and windows.Pet and Baby
Care, for example tracking the pets and babies’
movements and controlling pet access rights Air
quality control. For example, Air Quality Egg is
used by people at home to monitor the air quality
and pollution level in the city and create a pollution
map.
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