Smart home technology allows homeowners to remotely control and automate devices in their home, providing convenience, security, and energy efficiency. It originated in the 1970s with X10, which used radio signals on home wiring to control devices. Modern smart home systems often use wireless protocols like Zigbee and Z-Wave along with a central hub to integrate various connected devices. While smart homes provide benefits, concerns include security, privacy if personal data is collected, and lack of standardization between different manufacturers' devices and protocols.