These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of smart homes. Rapid improvements in sensors, integrated circuits, transceivers, displays, mobile phones, and wireless networks are causing the cost to fall and the performance to rise for smart home-related features. It is becoming increasingly inexpensive and easy to control a wide number of appliances with mobile phones and to embed intelligence in many of these appliances. Smart homes will have higher energy efficiencies, better safety, more convenience, and better security than existing homes as the improvements in various technologies make them economically feasible.

1. SMART HOMES
The “Internet of Things”
A presentation for MT5009, Analyzing Hi-
technology opportunities, by
Henrik Nilsson, Aleksander Gora, Low Kang Nien
Ravi Raman, Abbin P Joy
For information on other technologies, please see Jeff Funk’s slide share account
(http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations) or his book with Chris Magee:
Exponential Change: What drives it? What does it tell us about the future?
http://www.amazon.com/Exponential-Change-drives-about-future-
ebook/dp/B00HPSAYEM/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1398325920&sr=8-
1&keywords=exponential+change

2. Outline
• Introduction
 What is a “Smart Home” and why do we want them?
• Smart Devices
 What features do they offer?
 What are the underlying technologies?
 Improvements in performance and cost
 Diffusion of Smart Devices and their features
• The Future
 “Do It Yourself” and Open Source
 Healthcare
 Energy efficiency
• Conclusions
2

3. What is a “Smart Home”?
“A home equipped with lighting,
heating, and electronic devices
that can be controlled remotely
by smartphone or computer.”
– Oxford dictionaries (2014)
"A dwelling incorporating a
communications network that
connects the key electrical
appliances and services, and
allows them to be remotely
controlled, monitored or
accessed.”
– UK Department of Trade and Industry (2003)

4. What is a “Smart Home”?
• An intelligent network capable
of connecting and controlling
various appliances throughout
your home.
• Can be controlled and
monitored remotely (e.g. with
your smartphone)
• Uses sensors to detect
movements and changes in the
physical state of your home.
• Utilize the “Internet of things”

5. Why do we want Smart Homes?
• Improve energy efficiency
 Automatic lighting based on presence
 Automatically regulated thermostats based on daily routine
• Improved accessibility and controllability
 Voice, gesture and motion controlled lights, TVs, etc.
• Improved convenience
 Automatically or remotely controlled thermostats, lights, multimedia
systems and other electrical appliances
• Enhanced security
 Intelligent and programmable looking systems
• Increased resale value
 “Smart Devices” add extra value to homes, which can be sold at a much
higher price that far exceeds the cost of the “Smart Devices”
5

6. What makes a “Smart Device”
smart?
• Generally includes…
 Transceivers
• Allows for the device to communicate wirelessly
 Sensors
• Can sense changes in the physical state of its surrounding
 Motors and other actuators
• Can change the state of its surrounding
 Communication Interfaces
• Touch screens, Voice command, Gesture control
• Requires enabling technologies such as…
 ICs, telecommunications, MEMS and other sensor technologies

7. Smart Windows
What is a “Smart Window”?
• Control the flow of light through the window
 Can replace traditional blinds and curtains
• Programmed to auto-tint based on temperature
• Automatically open/close on command
• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Saves energy by lessen the need for heating/cooling
Drivers of improvement
• New materials and processes
 Glass panel vs. plastic sheet
 Plastic sheets have less than half the price of electrochromic glass
• New processes
 Electrochromic layer (e.g. tungsten oxide) between conducting oxide
 Layer of conductive liquid-crystal polymer between layers of PET plastic
• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

8. What is “Smart Lighting”?
• Amount of light emitted to be controlled
• Automatically regulates the amount of light emitted
 Sensors for natural daylight, movements and presence
 Programmed based on daily routine
 Light up specific parts of a room individually
• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Uses up to 80% less energy than a traditional light bulb
• Can change color (through LEDs with different colors)
Drivers of improvements
• New materials for LEDs
• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication
Smart Lighting

9. Smart Thermostat
What is a “Smart Thermostat”?
• Automatic regulation of your AC system
• Self-programmable, i.e. “learns” form its surrounding
 Using sensors for temperature, humidity, far/near-field activity
 Auto schedule and tweak temperatures to fit your daily routine
• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Lower energy consumption by up to 20 %
Drivers of improvements
• MEMS and sensor technology
• Telecommunication
• ICs and Artificial intelligence

10. What is a “Smart Refrigerator”?
• Allows for more efficient food management
• Monitoring inventory and expiry dates
 RFID to keep track of food
 Scan grocery receipts or item barcodes
 Image and voice recognition
 LCD panel for information display and interaction
• Remotely monitored and controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Recipe suggestion and communications to other cooking devices (LG)
Drivers of improvements
• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication
• ICs, RFID technology and human-computer interfaces (HCI)
Smart Refrigerators

11. Smart Bed
What is a “Smart Bed”?
• Can measure average breathing and heart rate and
movements
 Create and present (e.g. in your smartphone) a sleeping profile
• Adjust firmness and elevation of any part of the bed
 Change the shape of the bed to prevent snoring
 Can be programmed with several profiles
• Remotely controlled
 Using remote control, smartphone, voice commands
• Perform massage
• Advice on optimum firmness levels and how to improve
sleeping patterns
Drivers of improvements
• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication
• ICs, Artificial intelligence and HCI
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2535859/Solving-insomnia-21st-century-5-000-smart-bed-monitors-movement-breathing-heart-rate-perfect-nights-sleep.html#ixzz2yUrfTtDe

12. Smart TV
What is a “Smart TV”?
• More advanced computing ability and connectivity
• Allows your TV to act as a computer
 Browse websites
 Use internet-based services (VOD, VOIP, social networking etc.)
 Interact with other multimedia devices
• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Can support voice, motion and face recognition
Drivers of improvements
• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication
• ICs, HCI and operating systems

13. Smart Lock
What is a “Smart Lock”?
• Remotely controlled and monitored (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Can be programmed to allow access to outsiders during a certain times
• Connected to and control other Smart Devices (e.g. Smart Lights)
• Sense if someone is knocking on the door and alerts residents
• Take and send photos of what is in front of the door
• Monitor lock/unlock activity
• LED indication of lock status
Drivers of improvements
• MEMS and sensor technology
• Telecommunication

14. Smart Household Appliances
What are “Smart Household Appliances”?
• “Smart Cookware” includes appliances such as…
 Ovens
 Coffee/tea makers
 Vacuum cleaners
 Washing machines
• Can be programmed to start automatically
• Remotely controlled and monitored (e.g. with your smartphone)
• Alert the user when the program is finished
 Food/drink is ready
 Cleaning/washing program is finished
Drivers of improvements
• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

15. Improvements in cost across all
Smart Devices
• Scaling
 Increased demand
• Two estimates that both represents a CAGR of about 17 %
– $17 billion (2013) to $52 billion (2020)
– $33 billion (2013) to $71 billion (2018)
• Leads to larger production volume
 Lower production costs
• Improvements in enabling technologies such as…
 ICs, MEMS and sensor technologies
 Telecommunication
 Artificial intelligence and HCI
…which all experience very rapid rates of improvements

16. Improvements in cost of
Smart Devices
Smart Device 2014 2018 2022 Comment
Smart Window 2900 2552 2230 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Lighting (10 units) 400 200 100 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Thermostat 250 122 60 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Refrigerator 3500 2730 2130 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Bed 8000 4000 2000 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Smart TV 550 275 138 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Lock 200 100 50 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Oven 1300 1040 832 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Coffee/Tea Maker 160 128 103 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Vacuum Cleaner 1100 610 353 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Smart Washing Machines 1800 900 450 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years
Total 20160 12657 8446 ~ 35 % reduction in 4 years

17. How does a “Smart” Device add
value to your home/life?
• Simplicity
 Is it easy and intuitive to use?
• Convenience
 Does it significantly enhance your everyday life?
• Efficiency and reliability
 Can you trust it enough to fully take care of certain tasks?
• Customizability
 Can it be customized to your specific needs?
• Sustainability
 Does it provide long-term value or will it quickly become obsolete?

18. Why some products will diffuse
faster than others?
• The added value can come from…
 Hardware, e.g. processors, sensors, displays
 Software, e.g. artificial intelligence
 Or a combination of hardware and software
• If the Smart Device…
 Requires little effort to attain the benefits from the “Smart” features
• Need of human interaction
 Assist you in “essential” everyday tasks or provides additional value
• …it will provide greater added value
 Requires high levels of automation and advanced software

19. Which Smart Devices are most
likely to diffuse first?
Smart Device
Need of human
interaction?
Value adding or
“essential” task
Improvements
in cost
Smart Window Low Value adding Moderate
Smart Lighting (10 units) Low “essential” High
Smart Thermostat Low “essential” High
Smart Refrigerator High Value adding Moderate
Smart Bed Low Value adding High
Smart TV High Value adding High
Smart Lock Medium “essential” High
Smart Oven Medium Value adding Moderate
Smart Coffee/Tea Maker Medium Value adding Moderate
Smart Vacuum Cleaner Low “essential” High
Smart Washing Machines Medium Value adding High

20. The future of Smart TVs and
computers
• As smart TVs are becoming more powerful and add
greater freedom to what they can do, the gap
between computers and the Smart TVs is reduced
• It is likely that in the future there will be no distinction
between TVs and computers
• Our homes will be filled with these displays that are
all interconnected and can view and do anything you
want it to do

21. Features most likely to diffuse
first across all Smart Devices
1. Remotely monitored and controlled
 The Smart Devices can be monitored and controlled from anywhere for your
convenience
• All Smart Devices
2. Energy efficiency and power saving features
 Smart Devices will, over time, use less energy than its related “non-smart” devices
 Reduce the overall energy consumption of you home
• E.g. Smart Windows, Thermostats, Lighting
3. Automation
 The Smart Devices completely and automatically take care of some tasks for you
• E.g. Smart Windows, Thermostats, Lighting, Vacuum Cleaner
4. Status updates
 Log and send information about it status to the user
• E.g. Smart Beds, Locks, Household Appliances

22. Market Trend for Smart Devices
• Many smaller startups emerge
 Using open-source and sharing communities
 Require more extensive assembly and/or
programming/software installation
 More customizable systems and freedom
• Appealing to tech-savvy hobbyists
 “Do it yourself” mentality (DIY)
 Build and set up your own customized Smart Home
 Causes even more systems to emerge

23. DIY and Open Source:
Raspberry Pi
• Credit card sized single-board computer
 Initial intention to promote teaching of basic computer
science in schools
• Can be used as a controller
for Smart Devices
 Wirelessly connect with
• Sensors
• Motors
• Servers
• Etc.

24. DIY and Open Source:
Wunderbar
• Bundle including a central controller and six sensors
 WiFi and Bluetooth connections
 Can easily be programmed to do anything you want
 Add additional sensors
• Light, proximity, humidity, temperature,
accelerometer, gyroscope, infrared transmitter
www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmLY7sOssg0

25. DIY and Open Source:
Arduino
• Single-board computer (preassembled or disaggregated)
 Can be connected with a wide variety of sensors, motor and
other actuators to sense and control the environment
 Control lights, screens and basically anything that you plug into
a wall socket
 Hundreds of clone and innovation freely available to download

26. DIY and Open Source:
Sensors
 Temperature
 Gyroscopes
 Hall sensors
 Termistors
 Tilt sensors
 Touch sensors
 Joysticks
 Displays
 Static color
identification
sensors
 Heart rate sensors,
 Buzzers,
 Vibrating sensors
 Gas sensors
 Ethanol sensors
 Photosensitive
sensors
 Ultrasound sensors
 Soil moisture
sensors
 Leds modules
• There is a wide array of sensors available for
these Open Source systems
• Increased freedom to customize your own
Smart Home
 Possibility to create devices and features not
currently offered in existing solutions

27. Markets where Smart Devices
will have great impact on society
• Energy efficiency
 We are becoming increasingly aware about our energy
consumption
 Smart Devices can help lower our consumption
• Healthcare
 Smart Devices can improve the life quality of elderly or patients
suffering from chronic diseases
• Automate certain everyday tasks they cannot do or struggle to perform
themselves
• Reduce the need for personal assistance

28. Smart Healthcare
• Connect and collect data from Smart Devices
throughout the home
 Embedded health systems can integrate sensors and
microprocessors into appliances, furniture and clothing
• Data is stored in database and can be send to
physicians for monitoring

29. Smart Healthcare for Elderly

30. What is a “Smart Grid”?
• Enhanced electric distribution network that connects electrical providers, power
delivery systems and consumers using of wireless communications and network
technology and associated sensors and software
• Features of a “Smart Grid” includes
 Demand monitoring and response
 Distributed generation management
 Electrical and thermal storage management
 Transmission management
 Power outage and restoration detection
 Power quality management
 Distribution automation
• Connect energy harvesting systems to serve as backup source if grid the fails
Smart Energy Consumption

31. Smart Grid for Smart Homes
• Currently in prototyping and pilot phase but expected to be
in use by 2019 in selective states in the U.S.

32. Final thoughts on Smart Homes
• Major challenges for the emergence of Smart Homes
 Lack of standardization of communication protocols, i.e. data
transmission, collection, processing and storage
• Results in too many different remote controls or apps in your smartphone
 Consumer distrust regarding the security issues of the increased
collection and processing of private data
• A movement towards the “Internet of Things”
 Refers to the idea of all objects being uniquely identified and
integrated into a single information network where they can be
monitored and interact with each other

33. Emergence of Management and
Control Systems
• To address the lack of interconnectivity, many new “Smart
Integrators” has emerged
 Connects with all your Smart Devices
 Control all your Smart Devices from a single point of contact
 Remotely monitored and controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)
 Can be programmed to automatically control your Smart Devices
NINJA SPHERE
revolv

34. Standardization and the
“Internet of Things”

35. References – General
• http://www.osgi.org/Markets/SmartHome
• http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Jini
• http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/MarketReports/smarthomesandassistedlivingadvanc edtechnologieand-
globalmarket121.html
• http://venturebeat.com/2014/02/11/studythesmarthomeindustrywilldoubleinsizeby2018 reaching71b/
• http://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/2014/01/21/whysmarthomesmightactuallybehere tostay/
• http://www.bloomberg.com/news/20140115/googlenestpurchaseseenimprovingsmartho megizmo-
connections.html
• http://www.buffalonews.com/business/technology/technologyforsmarthomesisslowlygaini ngground20140127
• http://freshome.com/2013/03/25/5smarthometechnologiesthatwillsaveyoumoney/
• http://www.futuretimeline.net/21stcentury/2020.htm 10.http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/canarythefirst-
smarthomesecuritydeviceforeveryone
• http://www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/vision20of20smart20home20report.pdf
http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/SmartHomeMarket.aspx
• http://www.angieslist.com/articles/howsmartyourhomelearnhowhomeautomationbeco mingmore-
accessible.htm
• https://www.ieso.ca/smarthomeroadmap/
Latest access to all websites: 17 Apr 2014

36. References – Smart Devices
Smart Window
• http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/transparent-smart-
window.html
• http://www.popsci.com/article/gadgets/smart-windows-lighten-
and-darken-cue
Smart Lighting
• http://www.t3.com/news/philips-launches-next-generation-of-
the-hue-family
Smart Thermostat
• http://www.amazon.com/Nest-Learning-Thermostat-Generation-
T100577/dp/B006ML9J4O
Smart Refrigerator
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_refrigerator
• http://www.electronichouse.com/product/details/french_door_re
frigerator_with_smart_thinq_technology/
Smart Bed
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2535859/Solving-
insomnia-21st-century-5-000-smart-bed-monitors-movement-
breathing-heart-rate-perfect-nights-sleep.html
Smart TV
• http://www.samsung.com/levant/microsite/smarttv2013/en/2013
_si/img/gate_tv.png
• http://newsbytes.ph/2013/03/30/lg-lifts-curtain-on-advanced-
home-appliances/
Smart Oven
• http://www.lg.com/us/ranges-ovens/lg-LRE3027ST-electric-range
Smart Lock:
• http://www.gojiaccess.com/
• http://www.engadget.com/2014/01/07/goji-smart-lock-gives-you-
remote-access-to-your-front-door-start/
• http://www.cnet.com/products/august-smart-lock/
• http://www.august.com/
• http://www.cnet.com/products/lockitron/
• http://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelwolf/2014/02/27/smart-
locksexpectedtobe36billions liceofsmarthomepie/
Smart Vacuum Cleaner
• http://www.samsung.com/sg/consumer/home-
appliances/vacuum-cleaner/robotic-type/VCR8845T3A/XSP
Smart Coffee Maker
• http://www.lg.com/us/ranges-ovens/lg-LRE3027ST-electric-range
Smart Healthcare
• https://www.himss.org/library/patient-engagement/smart-homes-
healthcare
• Smart technologies for older people, IBES Institute for Broadband-
enabled society, May 2012
• Smart Home Systems, Mahmoud A. Al-Qutayri ,01-Feb-2010
Smart Grids
• Central Maine Power Case Study, U.S Department of Energy,
January 2014
• Smart Grid Integrating Renewable, Distributed & Efficient Energy,
Fereidoon P Sioshansi, 2012
• Smart Home: The Human Side of the Smart Grid, Gapgemini, 2010
Latest access of all websites: 17 Apr 2014