The future of IoT technology and the IoT Apps after the existence of the fifth generation of networking (5G-Network). IoT is a new technology that was born a few years ago that based on the internet network which connects all IoT network terminals together to transfer data over the network between terminals (devices) abd take an action according to these data. 5G is a set of emerging global telecommunications standards, generally using high-frequency spectrum, to offer network connectivity with reduced latency and greater speed and capacity relative to its predecessors, most recently 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution). Importantly, 5G describes a collection of standards and technologies used to build tomorrow’s cutting-edge network infrastructure. In fact, many of the standards that will be officially considered 5G are still being decided on by working groups like the 3GPP, a collaborative body made up of various telecommunications associations.

2. Ne
Abstract
5G, or fifth generation cellular communications technology, has become
a hot topic across industries for its potential impact on emerging
technologies, and specifically, the Internet of Things (IoT), which
describes the development, manufacture and use of connected devices.
These devices range from small heart rate-monitors to autonomous
vehicles, smart home appliances, intelligent factories, and much more.
Together, such tools share the use of sensors, chips and processors to
collect, transfer and analyze data, all the while interacting with other
devices on a network.

3. Content
1. What is the Internet Of Things
2. How IoT works
3. IOT Applications
4. Brief history of network technologies
5. Introducing - 5G - Network
6. Build IoT Apps upon - 5G - network and how -5G- network will affect
IoT apps.
7. Summary
8. References
1. What Is Internet Of Things
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that
are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer
data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-
computer interaction. A thing in the internet of things can be a person
with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder,
an automobile or any other natural or man-made object that can be
assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer (send or
receive) data over a network. This “thing” for example can be an
automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire

4. pressure is low, an air-conditioner in your home that manufactured with
some built-in devices and you can control this air-conditioner from your
mobile phone even if you were not at home or may be a fridge located in
your kitchen that alarm you if that there is no enough tomato to make a
salad for tomorrow’s breakfast! All you need is just an internet
connection.
The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain
complete control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to
automate homes, IoT is essential to business. IoT provides businesses
with a real-time look into how their systems really work, delivering
insights into everything from the performance of machines to supply
chain and logistics operations. IoT enables companies to automate
processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts down on waste and
improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and
deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions.
As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life,
and it will continue to pick up steam as more businesses realize the
potential of connected devices to keep them competitive. Below are two
graphs from Google and CISCO proof that.

5. Some of the advantages of IoT include the following:
 ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any
device;
 improved communication between connected electronic devices;
 transferring data packets over a connected network saving time
and money; and
 automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's
services and reducing the need for human intervention.
Some disadvantages of IoT include the following:
 As the number of connected devices increases and more
information is shared between devices, the potential that a hacker
could steal confidential information also increases.
 Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers --
maybe even millions -- of IoT devices, and collecting and managing
the data from all those devices will be challenging.
 If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected
device will become corrupted.
 Since there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it's
difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate
with each other.
2. How IOT works
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use
embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication

6. hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their
environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by
connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either
sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these
devices communicate with other related devices and act on the
information they get from one another.
The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although
people can interact with the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give
them instructions or access the data. The connectivity, networking and
communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely
depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT can also make use
of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to aid in making data
collecting processes easier and more dynamic.
3. Applications of IOT
There are numerous real-world applications of the internet of things,
ranging from consumer IoT and enterprise IoT to manufacturing and
industrial IoT (IIoT). IoT applications span numerous verticals, including
automotive, telecom and energy. In the consumer segment, for

7. example, smart homes that are equipped with smart thermostats, smart
appliances and connected heating, lighting and electronic devices can be
controlled remotely via computers and smartphones.
Wearable devices with sensors and software can collect and analyze user
data, sending messages to other technologies about the users with the
aim of making users' lives easier and more comfortable. Wearable
devices are also used for public safety -- for example, improving first
responders' response times during emergencies by providing optimized
routes to a location or by tracking construction workers' or firefighters'
vital signs at life-threatening sites.
In healthcare, IoT offers many benefits, including the ability to monitor
patients more closely using an analysis of the data that's generated.
Hospitals often use IoT systems to complete tasks such as inventory
management for both pharmaceuticals and medical instruments.
Smart buildings can, for instance, reduce energy costs using sensors that
detect how many occupants are in a room. The temperature can adjust
automatically -- for example, turning the air conditioner on if sensors
detect a conference room is full or turning the heat down if everyone in
the office has gone home.
In agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems can help monitor, for
instance, light, temperature, humidity and soil moisture of crop fields
using connected sensors. IoT is also instrumental in automating irrigation
systems. In a smart city, IoT sensors and deployments, such as smart

8. streetlights and smart meters, can help alleviate traffic, conserve energy,
monitor and address environmental concerns, and improve sanitation.
4. Brief history of network technologies
[1] ZERO GENERATION (0G – 0.5G)
Wireless telephone started with 0G. In those pre-cell days, you had a
mobile operator to set up the calls and there were only a handful of
channels available. 0G refers to pre-cell phone mobile telephony
technology, such as radio telephones that some had in cars before the
advent of cell phones. Mobile radio telephone systems preceded were
the predecessors of the first generation of cellular telephones; these
systems are called 0G (zero generation) systems. These early mobile
telephone systems can be distinguished from earlier closed
radiotelephone systems in that they were available as a commercial
service that was part of the public switched telephone network, with
their own telephone numbers, rather than part of a closed network such
as a police radio or taxi dispatch system. These mobile telephones were
usually mounted in cars or trucks.
[2] FIRST GENERATION (1G)
The first generation of cellular systems used analog radio technology.
Analog cellular systems consist of three basic elements: a mobile
telephone (mobile radio), cell sites, and a mobile switching center (MSC).
A mobile telephone communicates by radio signals to the cell site within

9. a radio coverage area. The cell’s base station (BS) converts these radio
signals for transfer to the MSC via wired (landline) or wireless
(microwave) links. The MSC routes the call to another mobile telephone
in the system or the appropriate landline facility. These three elements
are integrated to form a ubiquitous coverage radio system that can
connect to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). It support
speed up to 2.4kbps. Major contributors were AMPS (Advance mobile
phone system) was first launched by the US, NMT, and TACS.
[3] SECOND GENERATION (2G)
It is based on GSM or in other words global system for mobile
communication. It was launched in Finland in the year 1991. It was the
first digital cellular networks, which had a number of obvious benefits
over the analog networks they were supplanting: improved sound quality,
better security, etc. 2G technologies have replaced the analogy
technology by digital communication by providing services such as text
message, picture message and MMS. All text messages are digitally
encrypted in 2G technology. This digital encryption allows for the
transfer of data in such a way that only the intended receiver can receive
and read it. There are 3 different types (FDMA, TDMA/GSM, and CDMA)
of 2G mobile technologies are designed with different working methods,
properties and specifications.
[4] THIRD GENERATION (3G)
The third generation of mobile systems provides high speed data
transmissions of 144kbps and higher. It comes with enhancements over

10. previous wireless technologies, like high-speed transmission, advanced
multimedia access and global roaming. 3G is mostly used with mobile
phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to the Internet or
other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download
and upload data and to surf the net. 3G will support multimedia
applications such as full-motion video, video conferencing and Internet
access. The data are sent through the technology called Packet Switching
Voice calls are interpreted through Circuit Switching. It is a highly
sophisticated form of communication that has come up in the last decade.
[5] FOURTH GENERATION (4G)
The Fourth Generation of mobile communication upgrade existing
communication networks and is expected to provide a comprehensive
and secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice, data and
streamed multimedia will be provided to users on an "Anytime,
Anywhere" basis and at much higher data rates compared to previous
generations.

11. 5. Introducing - 5G - Network
5G is a set of emerging global telecommunications standards, generally
using high-frequency spectrum, to offer network connectivity with
reduced latency and greater speed and capacity relative to its
predecessors, most recently 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution).
Importantly, 5G describes a collection of standards and technologies
used to build tomorrow’s cutting-edge network infrastructure. In fact,
many of the standards that will be officially considered 5G are still being
decided on by working groups like the 3GPP, a collaborative body made
up of various telecommunications associations. The new standards are
made possible by innovation across several technologies, including
semiconductors, communications equipment like routers and antennas,
and the sensors embedded in devices sitting on the edge of a network.
These emerging technologies leverage a few trends in networking, such
as the use of radio frequencies above 6 GHz, to reach desired speeds and
benefits. Many service providers across countries, however, are
attempting to bring 5G to lower radio frequencies, such as those
considered sub-6 GHz or in bands used in existing cellular standards. Such
variability reflects the diversity of approaches to 5G, as well as some of
the natural constraints of using higher frequency spectrum, like limited
geographic range and susceptibility to interference.
To work around these challenges, many carriers are deploying small cells,
or small cellular radios densely packed to achieve 5G coverage in a
desired area. Many governments, including agencies like the U.S. Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) have also yet to auction off high-

12. frequency spectrum, which carriers will need to guarantee widespread
coverage and speed.
6. IOT Apps With - 5G - network
It’s impossible to avoid the buzz around 5G networks as governments,
telecommunications providers and vendors vie over who will lead the
next generation of mobile internet connectivity. 5G promises to offer
significantly faster speeds and more reliable connection to mobile
devices than any network before it. That said, 5G is about more than fast
internet. The exponential growth in the capacity to carry more data
faster will push unparalleled growth in Internet of Things (IoT)
technology projects.
The shift from gigabits per second to megabytes per second
When 5G is fully implemented, the network of smaller, more densely-
deployed antennae will have a speed that is immensely disruptive.
The digital transformation will be more widely felt than any preceding
network shift thus far. Early tests exemplify the the magnitude of the
impact. These tests have suggested that 5G networks will be as much as
parameter 4G/4G LTE 5G

13. 100 times faster than today’s mobile networks. Bandwidth will be
measured in gigabits per second rather than megabytes. This provides
less strain on batteries and computers. 5G will also have a much higher
capacity for how many devices and sensors it can manage at scale.
Today, network coverage is typically optimized around people with
smartphones on the move. And 5G is primed to connect every object by
combining new technologies in new ways. By leveraging Beamforming
techniques, mid-band spectrums (1-6 GHz), and smaller cells, the
coverage benefits 5G delivers will expand the power of the network to
cover exponentially more users, devices, sensors, and connected vehicles.
Some industries will adapt faster to 5G networks
In time, there won’t be any industry left untouched by the increased
speed and capacity of IoT and 5G networks. However, there are several
areas that will be able to adapt earlier than others and feel the benefits
faster. Smart buildings, cities, agriculture, and infrastructure, with their
increasing initial adoption of IoT projects at the Proof of Concept project
level today, will find that the increased capacity and speed will empower
them to expand their use cases beyond initial wayfinding
implementations. 1 We will see greater deployments of automated
drone operations, enhancements to automated building energy
efficiency optimization, increasingly contextual and personalized
proximity messaging, strategic uses of geofencing in large facilities, and
more. As a testament to the anticipated industry growth, analysts at the
IBM Institute of Business Value estimate that by 2035, the 5G value
chain will drive upwards of USD 3.5 trillion of new economic output,

14. supporting 22 million jobs 5G networks will enable IoT implementations
in our daily lives. It will go beyond the gimmicky and use location-aware
technology to meaningfully alter our experience of place forever.
5G will accelerate innovation to forge a new reality
Full 5G network deployment will depend on the way that hardware and
connectivity issues are addressed by regulators and vendors. But it will
likely still be several years before we feel its full effect. Enterprise
organizations that want to be ready for the 5G jump can start preparing
today by laying the foundation for IoT use cases. Regardless of
application, location-awareness and geospatial context will be integral to
project success. Digitized indoor maps of large complex facilities provide
the necessary location information to give sensor data meaning. For
example, indoor maps are key to enabling hospitals to track high value
assets like insulin pumps and their statuses throughout their buildings.
And without indoor maps, warehouses won’t be able to successfully
designate parameters for machine learning in drone navigation.
According to the MIT Technology Review, a major independent study
found that 5G will have the potential to “unlock up to $12.3 trillion
revenue across a broad range of industries”4 and accelerate innovation
and growth across all industries for those who embrace it early. When
we are eventually living in a 5G IoT-enabled world, the organizations that
made the first move, will thrive. They’ll actively change the way we
experience this new reality and interact with our world. These are the
organizations that had an open architecture and laid the foundation with
indoor maps and digital twins of their facilities in 2019.