One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption, consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
a smart meter electronically measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central system.
Net Metering-NEPRA & DISCOS Rules/Regulations and ProcedureSALMAN SAEED
This document discusses Pakistan's net metering policy and regulations. It defines key terms like distributed generator, distributed generation facility, and interconnection point. It outlines the application process for net metering, including submitting an application, technical reviews, signing agreements, obtaining licenses, and commissioning. It also covers technical requirements, responsibilities for costs, inspection requirements, billing procedures, and tariffs. The net metering policy allows consumers who generate surplus electricity from solar or wind to supply it to the grid and receive credits to offset future electricity purchases.
Issues faced by developer for net meteringAnkur Tyagi
This document discusses issues related to net metering policies for rooftop solar projects in India. It provides an overview of net metering and gross metering arrangements. It then discusses challenges faced by utilities including reduced revenue and grid management issues. Challenges for developers are also reviewed, such as metering and commercial settlement processes. Net metering policies of four Indian states - Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka - are summarized and compared. The document concludes with recommendations for improving net metering policies and implementation to help achieve India's rooftop solar targets.
This document summarizes a chapter on smart electrical grids from a course on smart cities. It discusses key issues with current electrical systems including aging infrastructure, lack of maintenance, suboptimal fuel mix, and high transmission losses. This has led to poor system performance and reliability issues. The chapter then introduces the concept of a smart grid which aims to address these challenges through modernization and digitization of the electrical grid using technologies like smart meters and sensors to improve efficiency, reliability and integration of renewable energy sources.
Renewable Integration & Energy Strage Smart Grid Pilot ProjectPartha Deb
The document discusses a roadmap for integrating renewable energy through large-scale energy storage in Puducherry's smart grid pilot project. It provides background on India's renewable energy targets and challenges of integrating intermittent renewables. The objectives are to develop a techno-commercial model to guide decisions on energy storage and set up India's first 5MW grid-integrated energy storage pilot project. Different energy storage technologies are compared and international case studies presented, including a wind/solar plus storage project in China. The document models how energy storage could improve a renewable energy plant's capacity utilization factor and revenue by storing excess power for sale during peak periods.
Rooftop solar projects with net meterings is possible in Bangalore. This presentation provides details about the process to get the projects implemented. The source of the information is from BESCOM and KERC as per latest orders.
Integration of smart grid with renewable energySAGAR D
This document discusses the integration of smart grid technology with renewable energy sources for energy demand management. It provides motivation for this integration by highlighting issues with India's traditional electric grid like pollution from non-renewable plants that causes health hazards. The solution proposed is a smart grid that reduces pollution and enables demand management through technologies like microgrids. It then summarizes a case study in Puducherry, India where a smart grid pilot project was implemented combining distributed renewable generation, smart homes, and smart meters to automatically manage energy demand during peak hours.
This document outlines an agreement and interconnection standards for net metering of an on-grid renewable energy generating facility between the Ceylon Electricity Board and a producer. Key points include that the producer owns a renewable energy generation facility on their property to offset their electricity usage from the grid. The agreement defines terms like import/export of energy and net metering. It specifies the 20 year term, technical requirements for the producer's system to interconnect safely with the grid, and that CEB will install meters and bill the producer for their net electricity usage each month while crediting any excess energy exported back to the grid.
Net Metering-NEPRA & DISCOS Rules/Regulations and ProcedureSALMAN SAEED
This document discusses Pakistan's net metering policy and regulations. It defines key terms like distributed generator, distributed generation facility, and interconnection point. It outlines the application process for net metering, including submitting an application, technical reviews, signing agreements, obtaining licenses, and commissioning. It also covers technical requirements, responsibilities for costs, inspection requirements, billing procedures, and tariffs. The net metering policy allows consumers who generate surplus electricity from solar or wind to supply it to the grid and receive credits to offset future electricity purchases.
Issues faced by developer for net meteringAnkur Tyagi
This document discusses issues related to net metering policies for rooftop solar projects in India. It provides an overview of net metering and gross metering arrangements. It then discusses challenges faced by utilities including reduced revenue and grid management issues. Challenges for developers are also reviewed, such as metering and commercial settlement processes. Net metering policies of four Indian states - Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka - are summarized and compared. The document concludes with recommendations for improving net metering policies and implementation to help achieve India's rooftop solar targets.
This document summarizes a chapter on smart electrical grids from a course on smart cities. It discusses key issues with current electrical systems including aging infrastructure, lack of maintenance, suboptimal fuel mix, and high transmission losses. This has led to poor system performance and reliability issues. The chapter then introduces the concept of a smart grid which aims to address these challenges through modernization and digitization of the electrical grid using technologies like smart meters and sensors to improve efficiency, reliability and integration of renewable energy sources.
Renewable Integration & Energy Strage Smart Grid Pilot ProjectPartha Deb
The document discusses a roadmap for integrating renewable energy through large-scale energy storage in Puducherry's smart grid pilot project. It provides background on India's renewable energy targets and challenges of integrating intermittent renewables. The objectives are to develop a techno-commercial model to guide decisions on energy storage and set up India's first 5MW grid-integrated energy storage pilot project. Different energy storage technologies are compared and international case studies presented, including a wind/solar plus storage project in China. The document models how energy storage could improve a renewable energy plant's capacity utilization factor and revenue by storing excess power for sale during peak periods.
Rooftop solar projects with net meterings is possible in Bangalore. This presentation provides details about the process to get the projects implemented. The source of the information is from BESCOM and KERC as per latest orders.
Integration of smart grid with renewable energySAGAR D
This document discusses the integration of smart grid technology with renewable energy sources for energy demand management. It provides motivation for this integration by highlighting issues with India's traditional electric grid like pollution from non-renewable plants that causes health hazards. The solution proposed is a smart grid that reduces pollution and enables demand management through technologies like microgrids. It then summarizes a case study in Puducherry, India where a smart grid pilot project was implemented combining distributed renewable generation, smart homes, and smart meters to automatically manage energy demand during peak hours.
This document outlines an agreement and interconnection standards for net metering of an on-grid renewable energy generating facility between the Ceylon Electricity Board and a producer. Key points include that the producer owns a renewable energy generation facility on their property to offset their electricity usage from the grid. The agreement defines terms like import/export of energy and net metering. It specifies the 20 year term, technical requirements for the producer's system to interconnect safely with the grid, and that CEB will install meters and bill the producer for their net electricity usage each month while crediting any excess energy exported back to the grid.
Roof top solar PV connected DC micro grids as smart gridsBrhamesh Alipuria
The roof top solar systems are becoming popular these days with the need for reliable power and reducing costs. Further, with recent trends to shift towards smart grids; a new system layout has been proposed which is based on the concept of DC micro grids
Smart Grid The Role of Electricity Infrastructure in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...Gruene-it.org
This white paper discusses how implementing a smart grid using information and communications technology can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector in three ways: 1) By reducing growth in electricity demand through tools like smart meters and demand response programs. 2) By accelerating adoption of renewable electricity sources like microgeneration and electric vehicles. 3) By delaying construction of new power plants and transmission lines by prolonging the life of existing infrastructure. The paper outlines the key applications of a smart grid and their potential environmental and economic impacts.
Transforming the Electricity System to Meet Future Demand and Reduce Greenhou...Gruene-it.org
Most of the world’s electricity delivery system or “grid” was built when energy was relatively inexpensive. While minor upgrades have been made to meet increasing demand, the grid still operates the way it did almost 100 years ago—energy flows over the grid from central power plants to consumers, and reliability is ensured by maintaining excess capacity.
The document discusses India's electrical grid and the need for a smart grid. It notes that India's current electricity demand is 210,000 megawatts but production is only 182,200 megawatts, resulting in a deficit of 10.2%. A smart grid would use digital technology and two-way communication to automate control and improve reliability, efficiency, and use of renewable energy sources. Key benefits would include economic development through new jobs and innovation, higher customer satisfaction through improved reliability and outage reduction, and environmental benefits from reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
EirGrid plc is the independent electricity Transmission System
Operator (TSO) in Ireland and the Market Operator in the
wholesale electricity trading system. EirGrid’s role is to deliver
services to generators, suppliers and customers across the
high voltage electricity system, and to put in place the grid
infrastructure needed to support Ireland’s economy. EirGrid
develops, maintains and operates a safe, secure, reliable,
economical and efficient transmission system.
Electricity is an essential and convenient service
provided to two million electricity consumers, including
domestic customers, small and medium industry, farms and
agribusiness, and large high-technology industrial customers.
This illustrates the vital nature of the service EirGrid provides.
This document discusses microgrids and renewable energy integration. It notes that microgrids are decentralized, self-sufficient power networks that are generally located in regions rich in renewable energy resources. Integrating high levels of renewable energy into microgrids presents challenges in maintaining grid stability due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. The document proposes that intelligent control systems and grid stabilization technologies can enable high renewable energy penetration of up to 100% while keeping the voltage and frequency stable and maximizing fuel savings and return on investment. ABB provides solutions like the Remote Microgrid Controller and PowerStore flywheel system to stabilize grids and maximize the benefits of integrating renewable energy at high levels.
The document provides an introduction to smart grids. It discusses how smart grids enable two-way communication between utilities and customers as well as integration of renewable energy sources. Key components of smart grids include smart meters, phasor measurement units, distributed generation, and information transfers. Smart grids provide benefits like improved efficiency, reliability, and support for renewable energy while also posing challenges around security and complex rate systems. India has several smart grid pilot projects underway to modernize its electrical infrastructure.
quiz Solar PV Rooftop Training Entrepreneurship DevelopmentChirag Jain
The document outlines a training program on rooftop solar PV for utility engineers presented by USAID's Partnership To Advance Clean Energy-Deployment technical assistance program. It includes a quiz to test knowledge on topics like solar applications, system components, site assessment factors, and state targets for rooftop solar. The training aims to increase understanding of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems.
The document discusses the key aspects and technologies of the smart grid, including smart meters, demand response, renewable energy integration, energy storage, wide area monitoring, and standards development. It outlines the vision of a highly instrumented and interconnected grid that can better accommodate new technologies and optimize operations.
Renewable Energy Sources are being used in Off-Grid mode. By integrating all these sources to a common point energy efficiency can be improved and frequent dynamic faults can be avoided. This approach needs to implement smart grid and technologies.
The document discusses distributed generation and energy storage. It defines distributed generation and lists various distributed generation technologies like solar PV, wind, and fuel cells. It also lists various energy storage technologies including lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and flywheels. The document discusses how energy storage can reduce peak demand and provide benefits like lowering electricity bills and providing power during blackouts. It also discusses issues with distributed generation like bidirectional power flow and intermittent operation.
This document discusses smart grids and smart transformers. It begins by introducing the need for smart grids due to increasing power demand and inefficiencies in the current distribution system. Power electronics and ICT are proposed to improve reliability and stability. A key component of smart grids is the smart transformer, which uses power electronics and communication to provide two-way interaction and real-time monitoring. The document compares traditional and smart grids, lists smart grid components, and describes how smart transformers provide services like voltage regulation and harmonic compensation while reducing power consumption.
This document provides an overview of business models for solar photovoltaic rooftop (SPVRT) projects. It discusses key parameters in designing SPVRT business models such as ownership structure, revenue structure, and fiscal drivers. Common models include self-owned systems, third-party owned systems, net metering arrangements, and gross metering arrangements. The document also examines hybrid models and the roles of utilities in SPVRT project development.
IRJET- Management of Smart Grid Power System using Zigbee TechnologyIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using ZigBee technology to manage a smart grid power system. ZigBee is a low-cost wireless networking standard that can be used to reliably transmit data in a smart grid network.
2) A smart grid system is proposed that uses ZigBee modules and a microcontroller to control energy from renewable sources like solar and wind. This system aims to efficiently distribute energy generated from renewable resources to meet demand.
3) Traditional power systems are centralized with one-way energy flow from plants to consumers. Smart grids aim to tackle increasing demands, reduce costs, use less fossil fuels, and incorporate renewable energy sources through advanced monitoring, distribution and control technologies.
This document discusses issues related to connecting renewable energy sources to the electric grid. It notes that renewable resources like wind and solar are intermittent and lack flexibility, posing challenges to balancing supply and demand. Various technical issues are explored, such as voltage fluctuations, frequency variation, power quality issues like harmonics. Solutions discussed include using inverters with voltage regulation modes, frequency ride-through systems, and distributing generation sources across three phases. The document advocates for grid-tied renewable systems and the development of new technologies to better integrate intermittent renewables at high penetration levels.
This document discusses smart grid technology. It begins by defining the electric grid as the network that delivers electricity from power plants to homes. It then defines smart grid as a two-way system of transmitting electricity and communication. The document outlines the need for smart grids to satisfy increasing demand, reduce losses, integrate renewable energy, and establish utility-consumer communication. It lists benefits like improved reliability, economic savings, efficiency, environmental gains, safety, and security. It also discusses the differences between conventional and smart grids, types of smart grids, key drivers for smart grids, and challenges to smart grid implementation.
GRID INTERCONNECTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AT DISTRIBUTION LEVEL WITH P...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/ Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through a process involving silicon semiconductor materials. When silicon is exposed to sunlight, photons free electrons that can be manipulated to flow as direct current. The solar cells use doped silicon to create an electric field that pushes electrons from the n-type to the p-type region, generating a current. An inverter is then used to convert the direct current into alternating current that can power homes and offices. Solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source that has potential to be cost-effective in countries that receive intense sunlight like Sri Lanka.
This document outlines 3 schemes for interconnecting micro scale renewable energy power generating facilities to the low voltage consumer feeders of Sri Lanka's national grid. Scheme 1 allows net metering where exported energy is credited against imported energy. Scheme 2 adds an export tariff for net exported energy. Scheme 3 involves direct export of all generated energy through a dedicated meter, with the producer paid for exports. The document provides details on technical requirements, application processes, metering, safety features, and the rights and obligations of producers and the grid operator.
This document describes how a net meter works with a home solar power system. The inverter converts DC power from solar panels to AC power for the home and any excess is exported to the electric grid which is measured as a negative reading on the net meter. When solar power is insufficient, additional power is imported from the grid which is measured as a positive reading on the net meter.
Roof top solar PV connected DC micro grids as smart gridsBrhamesh Alipuria
The roof top solar systems are becoming popular these days with the need for reliable power and reducing costs. Further, with recent trends to shift towards smart grids; a new system layout has been proposed which is based on the concept of DC micro grids
Smart Grid The Role of Electricity Infrastructure in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...Gruene-it.org
This white paper discusses how implementing a smart grid using information and communications technology can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector in three ways: 1) By reducing growth in electricity demand through tools like smart meters and demand response programs. 2) By accelerating adoption of renewable electricity sources like microgeneration and electric vehicles. 3) By delaying construction of new power plants and transmission lines by prolonging the life of existing infrastructure. The paper outlines the key applications of a smart grid and their potential environmental and economic impacts.
Transforming the Electricity System to Meet Future Demand and Reduce Greenhou...Gruene-it.org
Most of the world’s electricity delivery system or “grid” was built when energy was relatively inexpensive. While minor upgrades have been made to meet increasing demand, the grid still operates the way it did almost 100 years ago—energy flows over the grid from central power plants to consumers, and reliability is ensured by maintaining excess capacity.
The document discusses India's electrical grid and the need for a smart grid. It notes that India's current electricity demand is 210,000 megawatts but production is only 182,200 megawatts, resulting in a deficit of 10.2%. A smart grid would use digital technology and two-way communication to automate control and improve reliability, efficiency, and use of renewable energy sources. Key benefits would include economic development through new jobs and innovation, higher customer satisfaction through improved reliability and outage reduction, and environmental benefits from reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
EirGrid plc is the independent electricity Transmission System
Operator (TSO) in Ireland and the Market Operator in the
wholesale electricity trading system. EirGrid’s role is to deliver
services to generators, suppliers and customers across the
high voltage electricity system, and to put in place the grid
infrastructure needed to support Ireland’s economy. EirGrid
develops, maintains and operates a safe, secure, reliable,
economical and efficient transmission system.
Electricity is an essential and convenient service
provided to two million electricity consumers, including
domestic customers, small and medium industry, farms and
agribusiness, and large high-technology industrial customers.
This illustrates the vital nature of the service EirGrid provides.
This document discusses microgrids and renewable energy integration. It notes that microgrids are decentralized, self-sufficient power networks that are generally located in regions rich in renewable energy resources. Integrating high levels of renewable energy into microgrids presents challenges in maintaining grid stability due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. The document proposes that intelligent control systems and grid stabilization technologies can enable high renewable energy penetration of up to 100% while keeping the voltage and frequency stable and maximizing fuel savings and return on investment. ABB provides solutions like the Remote Microgrid Controller and PowerStore flywheel system to stabilize grids and maximize the benefits of integrating renewable energy at high levels.
The document provides an introduction to smart grids. It discusses how smart grids enable two-way communication between utilities and customers as well as integration of renewable energy sources. Key components of smart grids include smart meters, phasor measurement units, distributed generation, and information transfers. Smart grids provide benefits like improved efficiency, reliability, and support for renewable energy while also posing challenges around security and complex rate systems. India has several smart grid pilot projects underway to modernize its electrical infrastructure.
quiz Solar PV Rooftop Training Entrepreneurship DevelopmentChirag Jain
The document outlines a training program on rooftop solar PV for utility engineers presented by USAID's Partnership To Advance Clean Energy-Deployment technical assistance program. It includes a quiz to test knowledge on topics like solar applications, system components, site assessment factors, and state targets for rooftop solar. The training aims to increase understanding of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems.
The document discusses the key aspects and technologies of the smart grid, including smart meters, demand response, renewable energy integration, energy storage, wide area monitoring, and standards development. It outlines the vision of a highly instrumented and interconnected grid that can better accommodate new technologies and optimize operations.
Renewable Energy Sources are being used in Off-Grid mode. By integrating all these sources to a common point energy efficiency can be improved and frequent dynamic faults can be avoided. This approach needs to implement smart grid and technologies.
The document discusses distributed generation and energy storage. It defines distributed generation and lists various distributed generation technologies like solar PV, wind, and fuel cells. It also lists various energy storage technologies including lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and flywheels. The document discusses how energy storage can reduce peak demand and provide benefits like lowering electricity bills and providing power during blackouts. It also discusses issues with distributed generation like bidirectional power flow and intermittent operation.
This document discusses smart grids and smart transformers. It begins by introducing the need for smart grids due to increasing power demand and inefficiencies in the current distribution system. Power electronics and ICT are proposed to improve reliability and stability. A key component of smart grids is the smart transformer, which uses power electronics and communication to provide two-way interaction and real-time monitoring. The document compares traditional and smart grids, lists smart grid components, and describes how smart transformers provide services like voltage regulation and harmonic compensation while reducing power consumption.
This document provides an overview of business models for solar photovoltaic rooftop (SPVRT) projects. It discusses key parameters in designing SPVRT business models such as ownership structure, revenue structure, and fiscal drivers. Common models include self-owned systems, third-party owned systems, net metering arrangements, and gross metering arrangements. The document also examines hybrid models and the roles of utilities in SPVRT project development.
IRJET- Management of Smart Grid Power System using Zigbee TechnologyIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using ZigBee technology to manage a smart grid power system. ZigBee is a low-cost wireless networking standard that can be used to reliably transmit data in a smart grid network.
2) A smart grid system is proposed that uses ZigBee modules and a microcontroller to control energy from renewable sources like solar and wind. This system aims to efficiently distribute energy generated from renewable resources to meet demand.
3) Traditional power systems are centralized with one-way energy flow from plants to consumers. Smart grids aim to tackle increasing demands, reduce costs, use less fossil fuels, and incorporate renewable energy sources through advanced monitoring, distribution and control technologies.
This document discusses issues related to connecting renewable energy sources to the electric grid. It notes that renewable resources like wind and solar are intermittent and lack flexibility, posing challenges to balancing supply and demand. Various technical issues are explored, such as voltage fluctuations, frequency variation, power quality issues like harmonics. Solutions discussed include using inverters with voltage regulation modes, frequency ride-through systems, and distributing generation sources across three phases. The document advocates for grid-tied renewable systems and the development of new technologies to better integrate intermittent renewables at high penetration levels.
This document discusses smart grid technology. It begins by defining the electric grid as the network that delivers electricity from power plants to homes. It then defines smart grid as a two-way system of transmitting electricity and communication. The document outlines the need for smart grids to satisfy increasing demand, reduce losses, integrate renewable energy, and establish utility-consumer communication. It lists benefits like improved reliability, economic savings, efficiency, environmental gains, safety, and security. It also discusses the differences between conventional and smart grids, types of smart grids, key drivers for smart grids, and challenges to smart grid implementation.
GRID INTERCONNECTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AT DISTRIBUTION LEVEL WITH P...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/ Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through a process involving silicon semiconductor materials. When silicon is exposed to sunlight, photons free electrons that can be manipulated to flow as direct current. The solar cells use doped silicon to create an electric field that pushes electrons from the n-type to the p-type region, generating a current. An inverter is then used to convert the direct current into alternating current that can power homes and offices. Solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source that has potential to be cost-effective in countries that receive intense sunlight like Sri Lanka.
This document outlines 3 schemes for interconnecting micro scale renewable energy power generating facilities to the low voltage consumer feeders of Sri Lanka's national grid. Scheme 1 allows net metering where exported energy is credited against imported energy. Scheme 2 adds an export tariff for net exported energy. Scheme 3 involves direct export of all generated energy through a dedicated meter, with the producer paid for exports. The document provides details on technical requirements, application processes, metering, safety features, and the rights and obligations of producers and the grid operator.
This document describes how a net meter works with a home solar power system. The inverter converts DC power from solar panels to AC power for the home and any excess is exported to the electric grid which is measured as a negative reading on the net meter. When solar power is insufficient, additional power is imported from the grid which is measured as a positive reading on the net meter.
This document discusses net metering, which is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for excess electricity generated and added to the grid. It allows two-way power transfers so that solar customers can draw power from the grid when their panels are not generating enough. The document outlines the components of a net metering system like solar panels, inverters, meters and switches. It explains the benefits of net metering like financial credits and reduced equipment needs. It also provides details on net metering policies in India and states like Andhra Pradesh. The conclusion states that net metering provides opportunities for reliable solar power by allowing excess power to be supplied to the grid and drawing power when solar is insufficient.
Presentation by A. K. Bohra on Issues & Challenges in Net MeteringAnil Kumar Bohra
This document discusses net metering for distributed solar energy generation in India. It begins by providing background on smart grids and how they integrate renewable energy. It then discusses issues with integrating distributed solar generation through net metering, including metering and energy accounting, interconnection arrangements, commercial settlement processes, and applicability of regulatory instruments. Key challenges with net metering in India include the lack of standardized policies and technical standards. The document argues that developing comprehensive standards and policies can help address safety concerns while also opening new business opportunities in the growing distributed solar energy sector in India.
Rooftop Solar & Benefits of Net MeteringUday Doshi
Solar PV systems offer several benefits for Indian consumers. Rooftop solar PV systems can generate 1600 kWh per year in sunny climates and 750 kWh in cloudy climates from a 1 kW system. Net metering allows consumers to sell excess solar energy back to the grid and get credit to offset future electricity bills. Excelsior Engineering Solutions provides services for rooftop solar projects including design, installation, commissioning and ongoing maintenance.
This document provides information about solar power system solutions from J Lanka Technologies. It discusses off-grid and on-grid solar power harvesting systems for homes, offices, hotels and factories. Benefits highlighted include free fuel from sunlight, low maintenance, high warranty periods for equipment, and support for green energy concepts. Installation examples and technical specifications are provided for solar panels, inverters, and other system components. Pricing information and calculations of electricity cost savings and reductions in carbon emissions from solar power systems of different sizes are also included.
This document summarizes a presentation on smart metering in Europe. It discusses policy changes driving smart metering adoption, regulatory challenges around implementation, and business opportunities created by smart metering. Key points include: European Union directives and legislation are mandating smart metering to facilitate energy efficiency and markets; national regulatory approaches vary significantly; costs and benefits of smart metering need to be identified and quantified; and smart metering enables new business models and opportunities for consumers, suppliers, and network operators through demand response and improved system efficiency. Harmonization of technical standards and functional requirements is recommended to facilitate cost-effective regional adoption of smart metering.
A Presentation made at the Sri Lanka Institution of Engineers in 2009Private Consultants
This document provides information on various topics related to solar energy technologies and their applications. It discusses solar radiation levels in different parts of Sri Lanka, typical solar cell efficiencies, the costs of solar power generation for homes in Sri Lanka, how solar power production compares to typical load profiles, and various solar energy applications including solar street lamps, solar powered LED lanterns, and solar panels on vehicles. It also discusses the economic and environmental benefits of solar energy technologies.
The document describes a proposed mobile app called SmartMeterApp that would allow users to view data collected from their smart metering system. It would allow users to add and track multiple smart meters for electricity, gas, and water usage. The app would display usage history and comparisons to help users understand and reduce their energy consumption. The system architecture involves smart meters communicating usage data via a secure national network to mobile and server backends that power the SmartMeterApp features. The app is intended to provide personalized tips, track usage over time, and support multiple smart meter providers and the Arabic language.
A presentation by Dr. Tilak Siyambalapitiya on Electricity Costing and Tariffs in Sri Lanka
Visualize the sub-businesses within the power industry, and their stated costs for 2013
How reasonable are the cost components?
Appreciate the correction mechanism
Understand the cost of supply to each customer category
Appreciate the subsidies and surcharges on each customer category
Look at the past and visualize where Sri Lanka got it wrong
Look into the future to examine the cost profiles.
Organization of the Power Sector
Main expectations from the Sri Lanka Electricity Act 2009 as related to tariff
Corner stones in the Sri Lanka Electricity Act for Tariff Determination
Prerequisites for Tariff Determination in the legislation
Filing of Licensee Revenue Requirements
Generation Revenue Requirements
Transmission Revenue Requirements
Distribution Revenue Requirements
A summary of CEB Operational Costs
SolarEdge technology Optimizing at the Module Level Get more power, more revenue, and more insight into your system performance.
Get professional advice on SolarEdge Residential and Commercial Solar PV Systems : http://goo.gl/dQBCyl
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows utility companies to gain more control and understanding of energy consumption through automated meter reading and demand response capabilities. One key part of realizing the benefits of AMI is meter data management, which Tieto has experience providing through solutions integrated with Powel that help reduce costs and increase customer loyalty. A holistic, end-to-end approach to smart metering implementation is needed to avoid losses from a fragmented approach.
The document discusses Smart Metering as a Service (SMaaS) and outlines its benefits for utilities. SMaaS involves outsourcing smart meter operations such as meter data collection, device management, and customer processes to reduce costs and complexity while improving service quality. The global SMaaS market is expected to grow 16-18% annually through 2018. Ericsson currently provides SMaaS for over 25 utilities in Northern Europe, managing over 2 million smart meters.
This presentation was given as part of the April 21, 2010 Northwest Clean Energy Resource Team meeting on Smart Grid Technology in Northwest Minnesota.
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
Smart Grid Components Control Elements & Smart Grid TechnologySurajPrakash115
1. The document discusses the key components of a smart grid, including monitoring and control technology, transmission systems, smart devices interfaces, distribution systems, storage, and demand side management.
2. It describes each component in detail, explaining their functions and how they improve reliability, integration of renewable resources, and two-way power flow.
3. The technologies that will drive smart grids are identified as integrated communications, sensing and measurement, advanced components, and advanced control methods.
The integration of smart meters into electrical grids bangladesh chapterAlexander Decker
This document discusses the integration of smart meters into electrical grids in Bangladesh. It proposes a design for smart metering in Bangladesh that uses existing communication infrastructure like GSM networks and fiber optic lines set up by power utilities. Key parts of the proposed system include a home area network to enable two-way communication between utilities and consumers, and the use of power line carrier technology for wired communication within homes and wireless local area networks for additional connectivity. The system is intended to provide utilities with energy usage data from consumers and allow control of appliances without requiring new construction.
11.the integration of smart meters into electrical grids bangladesh chapterAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article about integrating smart meters into electrical grids in Bangladesh. It discusses key aspects of smart metering technology including automated meter reading (AMR), automated metering infrastructure (AMI), and automated meter management (AMM). It proposes a design for Bangladesh that would use power line communication (PLC) and wireless technologies. It details the key components of smart meters including the metering unit, communication unit, and disconnect unit. It also discusses ensuring secure operation and implementing a variable tariff plan.
This document provides an overview of smart grids, including their components, advantages, and limitations. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication technology to detect and automatically respond to local changes in usage. It aims to reduce costs and carbon emissions by integrating renewable energy sources. Key components include smart meters for sensing usage, core networks for connectivity between substations, and distribution networks for transmitting data to databases. Advantages are reduced carbon, automated control, and increased efficiency. Limitations include inadequate existing infrastructure and intermittent renewable sources.
Advancement in Smart grid by Embedding a Last meter in a Internet of Things P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses embedding a smart meter into an Internet of Things platform to advance smart grids. It proposes an architecture that integrates smart grid applications with smart home applications. The architecture allows different wireless protocols to communicate between meters, users and the system. It also provides secure data access and simplifies interaction for non-technical users. Key benefits include integrating smart grids and smart homes on a single infrastructure, gathering data from various sensors securely, and providing a common interface for applications.
1) Traditional electromechanical meters have issues like drift over time and temperature that digital smart meters improve on. Smart meters allow for automated and remote reading to improve efficiency.
2) Advanced Metering Infrastructure involves integrating smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems to allow two-way communication between utilities and customers. This enables features like time-of-use pricing and remote service disconnects.
3) Key components of AMI include smart meters, wide area communication networks, home area networks connected to devices, and meter data management systems to aggregate and analyze usage data.
The document discusses smart grids and their components. Some key points:
- A smart grid uses information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of electricity production and distribution.
- It consists of applying digital processing and communications to the power grid, making data flow and information central.
- Smart grids allow for two-way communication between electricity producers and consumers, enabling functions like remote meter reading, demand response and outage detection.
- Advanced metering infrastructure, demand response, distributed generation and energy storage are some of the major smart grid applications and market segments.
- Widespread smart grid deployment faces challenges of high upfront costs, integrating new technologies with existing grid systems, and
(a).What is smart grid technology?
(b).Role and necessity of smart grid technology
(c).Benefits and application of grid
(d).Various challenge of grid
(e).Best possible location
An advanced meters which performs smart functions to simplify the billing procedure and to modernize the grids which can be very helpful to the electricity providers and consumers in future. These meters simplifies the tampering and other non technical problems and also offers accurate electricity bills to consumers which avoids paying of high electricity bills.
The document discusses key aspects of smart grids including how they allow two-way communication between utilities and consumers to save energy and reduce costs and emissions. It also discusses how smart grids optimize the operation of interconnected grid elements and integrate renewable energy and energy storage. Challenges to smart grids include upgrading aging infrastructure and developing regulatory policies to accommodate features like time-of-use pricing.
This document provides an overview of smart management of electric power grids. It discusses how smart grids use two-way communication between utilities and users to create an automated and distributed energy network. Key components of smart grids include smart meters that monitor energy usage in intervals and can remotely control appliances, information transfer networks to share data, and distributed generation from sources like solar panels. The document outlines benefits like improved reliability, efficiency, and ability to incorporate renewable energy through advanced monitoring and control enabled by smart grid technologies.
This document describes an automatic meter reading system using power line communication. The system has two main sections - the consumer section and the utility section which communicate via the existing power lines. At the consumer section, a microcontroller monitors and controls power usage to prevent exceeding predetermined limits. It can also cut power to certain devices. The utility section can remotely read consumers' energy meters by sending unique addresses through the power lines. Meter readings and billing details are then displayed for the consumer. The system provides automatic and accurate electricity billing without additional infrastructure for data transmission.
The document describes a syllabus for a course on smart grid technologies. It covers four modules: introduction to smart grids; information and communication technologies for smart grids; sensing, measurement, control and automation; and power electronics and energy storage. It provides details on the topics that will be covered in each module, such as smart metering and demand-side integration. The goal is for students to gain a clear understanding of smart grid technologies to enable research in the area.
BPSK Modulation and Demodulation with Power Line Carrier Communication and GS...IAES-IJPEDS
GSM/GPRS and PLC communication are used for Automatic Meter Reading
(AMR) applications. These AMR systems have made substantial progress
over the recent years in terms of functionality, scalability, performance
and openness such that they can perform remote metering applications for
very demanding and complex systems. By using BPSK (Binary Phase Shift
Keying) modulation with Power Line Carrier Communication, Smart
Metering can be done in Rural Smart Micro-grids. The design
and Simulation of BPSK Modulation and Demodulation are successfully
done by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The advantages of using BPSK
modulation over the QPSK modulation and the advantages of PLC
Communication over the GSM Communication is identified in this paper.
Smart Grid technicalDraw neat diagram for equivalent circuit of transformer.pravingauda84
The document provides an overview of smart grids, including:
1) Smart grids use digital technology and communication to make the electric grid more efficient, reliable, and able to integrate renewable energy sources.
2) Key components of a smart grid include smart meters, sensors, communication networks, and data management systems to provide two-way communication between utilities and consumers.
3) Potential benefits of smart grids include reduced costs, fewer power outages, lower emissions, and giving consumers more control over their energy usage.
1) This document discusses several research papers related to continuous data acquisition algorithms for smart grids using cloud-based technologies and smart meters.
2) It summarizes papers on cloud-based smart metering systems that use standardized communication between smart meters and servers stored in the cloud to optimize energy consumption. Another paper proposes a data collection algorithm that uses energy maps and clustering to reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
3) A third paper discusses utilities using satellites to remotely collect meter data in real-time for accuracy. A final paper presents an algorithm for smart building power consumption scheduling that uses smart meters and dynamic pricing to incentivize shifting usage to low-cost time periods.
The document discusses the components and advantages of smart grids. It explains that smart grids use digital technology to monitor, control and analyze the electricity supply chain. This allows for more reliable delivery of power from various distributed sources like solar and wind. Key smart grid technologies include intelligent appliances, smart meters, super conducting cables, phasor measurement units, and smart substations. The smart grid provides benefits like better power management, supply/demand management, and remote meter reading. However, security and grid volatility are disadvantages if the network is not developed properly. Overall, smart grids have revolutionized the energy system through increased reliability, efficiency and consumer access.
The report gives the complete in view of smart grid technology. This document is about the smart grids and its infrastructure. It describes the smart grid’s vision and the framework. It also briefs about the smart grids initiatives and platforms. It presents the current standards and how well are they implemented in the real system.
Report on smart metering& control of transmission systemDurgarao Gundu
This document provides an overview of smart metering and smart grid infrastructure. It discusses key components of a smart metering infrastructure including smart meters, communication systems, meter data management systems, and home area networks. Smart meters can record and store energy usage data at intervals, communicate bidirectionally, and support time-of-use pricing and demand response. Communication systems enable transmission of data from smart meters to utilities. Meter data management systems collect, store, analyze and utilize energy usage data. Home area networks allow customers to access their energy usage data and receive signals from utilities. The document also compares automatic meter reading and smart metering infrastructure and examines smart meter communication technologies suitable for the Indian context.
Similar to Applicability of Smart Metering Technology in Sri Lanka (20)
This powerpoint presentation is produced by IPCC Working Group I for outreach purposes. It is based on the figures and approved text from the Working Group I Summary for Policymakers with some additional information on the process. The IPCC Working Group I website www.climatechange2013.org provides comprehensive access to all products generated by Working Group I during the fifth assessment cycle of the IPCC.
The document outlines the Summary for Policymakers from the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, which assesses the impacts of, adaptation to, and vulnerability from climate change. It discusses the context and terms used in the assessment and provides overviews of observed impacts on natural and human systems, future risks from climate change, and principles for effective adaptation. The summary is authored by over 80 climate experts from around the world.
It is a well-known fact that modules interfere negatively with each other in a serial connection; while the modules’ peak operating points are diverse, traditional inverters use a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to harvest their energy. Partial shading, or uneven exposure to sunlight, diversifies the modules even further as some can produce more than others now.
The SolarEdge system outperforms SMA inverter and Enphase microinverter systems, in a standardized National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) shading study conducted by PV Evolutions Lab (PVEL). This study simulates partial shading scenarios of typical residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, and evaluates the impact of different power conversion topologies on system performance.
The SolarEdge system harvests 1.9%, 5.0% and 8.4% more energy than SMA string inverter system with light, medium and heavy shading, respectively. The SolarEdge system produces more energy than Enphase microinverter system as well.
The test also determines a Shading Mitigation Factor (SMF) which represents the annual energy recovery of a power optimizer or microinverter system, compared to a traditional string inverter. The study found that the SolarEdge system recovered 28.3%, 21.9%, and 24.3% of energy lost by the string inverter system, with light, medium and heavy shading, respectively. These results indicate higher SMF results than even the Enphase microinverter system.
The document discusses how SolarEdge power optimizers make photovoltaic (PV) panels smarter and able to produce more energy. By connecting the power optimizers to each individual panel, it allows each panel to harvest up to 25% more energy, provides constant performance feedback on each panel, and enables automatic shutdown of panels for safety. The SolarEdge solution is proven to increase energy production compared to traditional systems, providing a better return on investment with over 2 million power optimizers installed worldwide.
The objectives of these guidelines are to:
Improve the safety, performance and reliability of solar photovoltaic power systems installed in the field.
Encourage industry Best Practice for all design and installation work involving solar photovoltaic power systems.
Provide a network of competent solar photovoltaic power systems designers and installers.
Increase the uptake of solar photovoltaic power systems, by giving customers increased confidence in the design and installation work.
The performance of a reliable installation that fulfills customer expectations requires both careful design and correct installation practice.
The document discusses solar thermal energy technology and its advantages over photovoltaic and fossil fuel energy sources. Solar thermal uses concentrated sunlight to create heat that can power steam turbines or engines to generate electricity, allowing for efficient heat storage. Major players like eSolar, Brightsource, and Abengoa plan to beat the price of coal-generated power and expand solar thermal projects around the world. While the technology faces challenges of land use and competition with cheap coal, further technological improvements could allow solar thermal energy to become more economical and competitive on a large scale.
PV System Basics
Introduction to relevant Codes and Standards
Permit and Field Inspector Guidelines for PV Systems
Summary of Changes in 2005/2008 National Electrical Code
Results of a series of tests designed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and conducted by PV Evolution Labs (PVEL) to measure the performance of various inverter technologies in various shading conditions were published today. The test determined the annual percentage of energy recovered by power optimizers and micro inverters when compared to traditional string inverter systems in shaded conditions.The results indicate that the SolarEdge optimized system generates 2%, 5% and over 8% more energy than traditional string inverters in light, medium and heavy shading scenarios, respectively.The SolarEdge system outperformed all systems in annual energy production demonstrating higher results than the leading micro inverter solution as well.
"The SolarEdge system yielded more energy than the string inverter system in all tests. On an annual average, the SolarEdge system recovered 24.8% of energy lost due to shading, while the microinverter system recovered 23.2%," says Matt Donovan, PV Evolution Labs.
This document summarizes a seminar on sustainable energy conducted by the Institute of Human Resource Advancement in collaboration with the Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority. It discusses the importance of sustainable energy in the current global and national context, highlighting issues like depletion of resources due to fossil fuel use, air pollution, and the environmental crisis. It presents facts and data on topics like energy efficiency, resource efficiency, air quality, and population growth. Finally, it outlines solutions like developing renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and practicing energy modesty, and projects that renewable sources could meet 40% of energy demand by 2050 through aggressive adoption of sustainability measures.
The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka issued a consultation paper on setting electricity tariffs for the period of 2011-2015. The paper presented key issues for public comment, including sales forecasts and allowed losses for transmission and distribution licensees. Distribution licensees filed sales forecasts and loss allowances between 2011-2015 ranging from 11-14.8% losses. The transmission licensee filed purchases from generation and loss allowances of 11% for 2011. The paper proposed allowed revenues for licensees and the provision for energy sold for street lighting. It analyzed government subsidies to the electricity sector and presented a roadmap for tariff restructuring and rebalancing to achieve cost-reflective tariffs by 2015. Finally, the paper outlined proposed electricity tar
Current technology used in On-Grid PV systems has many drawbacks. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and categorize the problems and drawbacks inherent in residential and commercial photovoltaic systems.
Typical residential photovoltaic installations suffer from numerous problems that prevent this technology from realizing its full market potential. Many of the present problems stem from
power losses – whether due to module mismatch, orientation mismatch, or partial shading. Other
problems stem from system design limitations and constraints, lack of monitoring and lack of analysis
abilities. In addition, the absence of safety features poses risks to both workers installing or maintaining
the system, and to firefighters dealing with fires in the vicinity of PV installations.
Industry and government decision makers and others
with a stake in the energy sector all need WEO-2012. It
presents authoritative projections of energy trends through
to 2035 and insights into what they mean for energy security,
environmental sustainability and economic development.
SolarEdge Technologies provides next generation power conversion electronics that effectively remove the known system constraints across the photovoltaic energy space. Our Smart DC ASIC technology and active electronics enable cost efficiency and an increased production of clean, grid-ready energy. SolarEdge presents a unique, patent-pending distributed solar power harvesting system, comprised of the following elements:
SolarEdge Power Optimizer
The SolarEdge power optimizer is integrated into each module, replacing the traditional solar junction box. The SolarEdge power optimizers maximize energy throughput from each and every module through constant tracking of the Maximum Power Point individually, per module. Furthermore, the power optimizers monitor the performance of each module and communicate performance data to the SolarEdge monitoring portal for enhanced, cost-effective maintenance. When working with SolarEdge inverters, power optimizers automatically maintain a fixed string voltage, allowing optimal efficiency of the SolarEdge inverter and giving installers greater flexibility to design optimal PV systems.
The independent optimization (IndOP™) technology allows power optimizers to be installed without the need for additional interface hardware and to operate directly with any inverter.
Each power optimizer is equipped with the unique SafeDC™ feature which automatically shuts down modules' voltage whenever inverter or grid power are shut down.
SolarEdge PV Inverter
The SolarEdge Inverter is a highly reliable DC-AC PV inverter. Because MPPT and voltage management are handled separately for each module by the power optimizer, the inverter is only responsible for DC to AC inversion. Consequently, it is a less complicated, more reliable solar inverter. The fixed string voltage ensures operation at the highest efficiency at all times (>97% weighted efficiency) independent of string length and temperature.
SolarEdge PV Monitoring Portal
A web-based application provides module-level, string-level and system-wide monitoring. The solar monitoring software automatically provides alerts for accurate fault detection, localization and remote troubleshooting at the module level. Module performance is communicated across existing power lines, so no extra wiring is required.
J Lanka - SolarEdge provides next generation solar power harvesting and monitoring solutions that effectively remove all known system constraints across the photovoltaic energy space. Our Smart DC ASIC technology and active electronics enable increased production of clean, grid-ready energy at a lower cost.
Traditional photovoltaic installations suffer from a broad range of limitations that prevent them from reaching their full potential. Module mismatch and partial shading prevent systems from achieving their optimum. System design is made complex due to numerous constraints, such as the inability to leverage full roof real estate, to combine strings of different lengths, or to easily address differing roof facets. Traditional systems lack monitoring and analysis capabilities, as well as critical safety features. The systems can pose risks to workers installing or maintaining the system, as well as to firefighters dealing with fires in the vicinity of a PV installation.
SolarEdge provides distributed solar power harvesting and PV monitoring systems. The company’s technology maximizes power generation for residential, commercial and large-scale PV systems.
The SolarEdge portfolio of products includes power optimizers, highly reliable PV inverters and a web portal for module-level monitoring and fault detection.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
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What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
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What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
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Applicability of Smart Metering Technology in Sri Lanka
1. Applicability of Smart Metering
Technology in Sri Lanka
Prepared By : Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka
2. Content
Chapter 1 – Introduction 1
Chapter 2 – What is a Smart Meter 1
Chapter 3 – Smart Metering Technology 2
Chapter 4 – Functions of Smart Meters 4
Chapter 5 – Necessity of Introducing Smart Meters to Sri Lanka 4
Chapter 6 – Anticipated Benefits by Developing Smart Meters in Sri Lanka 5
Chapter 7 – Disadvantages of Smart Meters 8
Chapter 8 – Worldwide Best Practiced Lessons 9
Chapter 9 – Key Challenges to Implementation of Smart Meters in Sri Lanka 11
Chapter 10 – Where Are We Now 12
Chapter 11 – Smart Meter Deployment Approach 13
Chapter 12 – Smart Meters – The First Wave of Smart Grid 14
Chapter 13 – Conclusion 15
3. Abbreviations
AMI – Advanced Meter Infrastructure
AMR – Automatic Meter Reading
BPL - Broadband over Power Line
CEB – Ceylon Electricity Board
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line
DSM – Demand Side Management
Enel - Ente Nazionale per l'energia ELettrica
ESC - Essential Service Commission
FOC - Fiber Optic Cables
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
HAN - Home Area Network
IP - Internet Protocol
LAN – Local Area Network
LECO – Lanka Electricity Company
LESCO - Lahore Electric Supply Company
MDMS - Meter Data Management System
MOPE – Ministry of Power and Energy
MPLS - Multi Protocol Label Switching
PEPCO - Pakistan Electric Power Company
PLC - Power Line Communications
PUCSL – Public Utilities Commission in Sri Lanka
RF - Radio Frequency
SAIDI – System Average Interruption Duration Index
SEA – Sustainable Energy Authority
SM – Smart Meter
TOU – Time of Use
UK – United Kingdom
WAN - Wide Area Network
4. Applicability of Smart Metering Technology in Sri Lanka
Page | 1
1. Introduction
Although electricity was considered a luxury in the past, today it has become an essential basic
necessity with the enhanced living standards of people and growth of the technology and industrial
sector. Therefore the electricity demand in most of countries of the world is growing day by day. To
meet this demand most of the developing countries have added more fossil fuel generation to their
systems as they are the low risk proven technologies in large scale despite the environmental impact
caused by them. Current trends in power generation and use are patently unsustainable
economically, environmentally and socially. Without decisive action, increased fossil fuel demand
will heighten concerns over the security of supplies and energy related emissions of carbon dioxide
(CO2). In today’s world most of the developing countries are already swamped with power crisis due
to inadequacy of generation to meet the demand.
Therefore there is a pressing need to implement mechanisms to manage the growing demand and
improve the efficiency while reducing the energy losses, accelerating the development of low-
carbon energy technologies such as renewable power generation, in order to address the global
challenges of energy security, climate change and economic growth.
One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed
generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other
approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for
example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in
response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist
consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption,
consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a
communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record
energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information
of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to
rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers
on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
2. What is a Smart Meter?
There is no absolute definition of what a smart meter is, but it basically refers to using Advanced
Metering Infrastructure in conjunction with faster automated communication systems to allow
customers to monitor their energy consumption in real time. Simply, a smart meter electronically
measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the
energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to
consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also
gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central
system.
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3. Smart Metering Technology
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) can be explained as a system that collects, measures and
analyzes energy usage of consumers by enabling data to be sent back and forth over a two-way
communications network infrastructure connecting smart meters and the utility’s control systems.
Smart meters can provide electricity distributors with a depth view of the behavior of the networks
extending the visibility right down to the end consumer, where previously distributors’ observation
of power flows stopped at substations.
Smart metering systems are comprised of two main components:
Advanced electronic meter module (Smart Meter)
Communication network with the ability of remote communication.
Smart electricity meters record much more detailed consumption information than classical
electricity meters. And recorded consumption data is made available to consumers by a digital
display feedback system.
In addition, smart metering enables electricity customers, who choose to generate electricity under
net metering schemes (micro generation) to measure and monitor their contribution to the national
grid, and distributors to better manage this contribution.
These meters have the ability to transmit the data to flow from meter all the way to utility and vice
versa, in real time speed through commonly available fixed networks such as Broadband over Power
Line (BPL), Power Line Communications (PLC) or Fixed Radio Frequency (RF) networks which form
the bridge between the smart meter and the Wide Area Network (WAN). And also it forms the
bridge to the network inside the home or building, referred to as the Home Area Network (HAN).
The information extracted by the meter is normally transmitted to a Meter Data Management
System (MDMS) that manages data storage and analysis to provide the information in useful form to
the utility for the necessary actions.
Figure 1. A Traditional Electromechanical Watt
hour Meter
Figure 2. A Modern Digital Smart
Meter
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Figure 3. Overview of AMI
Home Area Network (HAN)
Home Area Network is deployed at consumer’s premises which interface with a consumer portal
to link smart meter to controllable electrical devices and hence enable a local control of loads by
consumer. Controlling of loads without continuing consumer involvement is one of the major
energy management functions of HAN.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
The medium over which the bidirectional communication between smart meters and remote
data management system occur is Wide Area Network. The WAN is sometimes also referred to
as the backhaul network. Communication on the WAN link is mostly Internet protocol (IP) based
and does commonly rely on standard information technology media and technology stacks such
as fiber optic cables (FOC), digital subscriber line (DSL), general packet radio service (GPRS),
multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) or power line carrier (PLC).
Meter Data Management (MDM) System
MDM is the host system which receives, stores and analyzes the metering information. An MDM
system is a single repository capable of storing the vast quantities of meter readings and other
data associated with smart meters. It typically gathers data from one or more head-end systems.
SM-Smart Meter
HAN – Home Area Network
LAN – Local Area Network
WAN – Wide Area Network
MDMS – Meter Data
Management System
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4. Functions of Smart Meters
Real-time registration of electricity import and export
Enabling remote accessibility of consumption data
Allowing changing of tariff in response to price changes
Ability to change of payment method (Eg. Prepaid or Postpaid)
Allowing load limiting/shedding for demand response purposes
Detecting and notifying tamper alerts
Receiving service messages (Eg. Power cut notifications)
Power quality monitoring
Communications with other intelligent devices in the home
5. Necessity of introducing Smart Meters to Sri Lanka
During the first half of year 2012, 64% out of total electricity generation in Sri Lanka has been
catered by expensive fossil fuel oil power plants. Most of these plants have been operated only to
meet the steep night peak. Sri Lanka has a daily load curve with a steep peak in the night, where
starting from about 6.00 pm the load grows to about 2,000 MW by 7.30 pm and starts falling off
after about 08.30 pm. Therefore the system must be comprised a substantial additional generation
capacity only to meet that abrupt sharp night peak which is a huge burden for Ceylon Electricity
Board (CEB).
Therefore requirement has been aroused to control the demand by paying attention to demand side
management (DSM) while exploring the possibilities of developing sustainable energy resources. CEB
has already implemented number of energy conservation drives to curtail the overall electricity
demand. Also to pull down the steep night peak by pushing some industrial activities to low demand
hours, CEB has introduced a three tier tariff plan for the industrial electricity consumers in 2011 with
low off peak rates and penal peak rates. But in order to introduce this time-of-day tariff scheme for
the domestic consumers it is necessary to replace the existing electricity meters with advanced
smart meters since the existing electricity meter does not support both demand side management
and decentralized power generation. By introducing smart meters to all electricity consumers both
consumers and suppliers (CEB and LECO) can be benefited in many ways.
Initiating pre-paid electricity service, creating efficient electricity consumption patterns, establishing
an efficient electricity consumption system and power and energy management are some of the
special benefits anticipated by smart meter installation.
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6. Anticipated Benefits from Development of Smart Metering Technology in
Sri Lanka
Following benefits can be enjoyed once smart meters are implemented. Some of these benefits will
be felt immediately, others will build up over time and as the technology evolves.
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Facility
Currently in Sri Lanka, electricity consumption of customers is recorded manually by sending
meter readers to the customer sites on monthly basis. But there are some issues with this stand-
alone meter reading such as meter reading errors, poor accessibility of meters in rural,
estimated bills and inability to monitor and control real-time usage.
The above issues can be avoided by replacing the current conventional meters with advanced
smart meters, where both supplier and consumer can be benefited in many ways. One of the
advantages of enabling AMR facility is, allowing field operations such as meter reading and
service disconnection without sending utility personnel to the customer site. And it ensures
accurate bills based on the actual consumption, rather than estimated bills which are major
source of complaints by many customers. This will result in physical privacy to the consumers
and also a high reduction in the operational cost of the utility which will ultimately benefit the
consumers with low energy charges. Similarly, many maintenance and customer service issues
such as voltage drop downs can be resolved more quickly and cost-effectively through the use of
remote diagnostics.
Outage Detection Ability
Currently with the mechanical energy meters, the detection of an outage and restoration of
power are not possible, therefore supplier largely rely on the consumer calls to take an idea of
how large a power outage might be and where the power outage is occurring. Smart meters
provide faster outage detection once an outage occurs and make it easier and quicker to locate
and fix the problem. It helps to identify location and extent of outages remotely via meter
signals. With the aid of this ability electricity suppliers also can keep records of power quality
performance measures at each individual by recording the number and duration of power
interruptions. Similarly, smart meters equipped with power quality monitoring capabilities
enable more rapid detection, diagnosis and resolution of power quality problems.
Permitting Prepayment Facility
After replacing the existing mechanical energy meters with smart meters, prepayment facility
can be introduced to the customers facilitating shifting from credit mode to prepayment mode,
and vice versa, without the need to physically change the meter. When facilitating the
prepayment mode, energy suppliers should offer more convenient ways to top up, for example
cash payments, online or over the phone. Normally prepaid meters are programmed to issues
warnings when the credit reaches a threshold or zero. After the use of emergency credit, the
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service gets automatically disconnected. Then customer needs to recharge the meter and
eventually the prepaid meter to avail the services again. Prepaid consumption is generally a very
good commercial option for electricity consumers since they can preplan the budget required for
paying the electricity bill, and no additional charges are imposed on the customer upon
reconnect, hence no need to keep even security deposit to avail the service. Prepaid system is
also advantageous for the electricity suppliers since it reduces paper work, enhances the
reduction of customer energy consumption, reduces financial risks and improves operational
efficiencies.
Reducing theft of energy
The most common method of tampering the mechanical meter is attaching magnets to the
outside of the meter to prevent forming eddy currents in the rotor by magnetically saturating
the coils of current transformer. And in Sri Lanka, events of tapping electricity from energized
power lines are reported often. Not only do energy thieves risk their own lives, but also the lives
of those nearby. Deployment of smart meters is useful to stop this energy theft using its ability
of detection of tampering and discovering energy theft. This allows the company, fast detection
of any abnormal consumption due to tampering or by-passing of a meter and enables the
company to take corrective action. Moreover, by using smart meters the supplier will be able to
get detailed information about their region, which means they can examine any suspicious areas
where energy usage is higher than expected, and thus smart metering will provide the supplier
with a tool to detect fraud. In addition to that since these devices remove the human factor
from the equation, customers can no longer collude with dishonest meter readers to cheat the
power company.
Financial benefits through efficient use of energy
Currently, electricity customers are informed of their energy usage via a bill that arrives months
after they’ve used the electricity. The existing meters do not provide details of the real time
energy usage, which could help consumers to understand their energy consumption in order to
make intelligent decisions about it. However, Smart meters comprise the option of displaying
the real time consumption including the energy usage in a previous period, hence consumers
can keep track of their energy usage with a better understanding and make informed decisions
on how to manage and control their electricity consumption according to the budget. Smart
meters also provide detailed information and historical comparison reports to help the
consumers to identify when they are using more or less energy during the day, the week or the
month, which ultimately will help them to make changes that let them take control of their
energy bills by changing their habits.
Smart meters will also be beneficial for electric utilities since the individual consumption data
could be useful to do surveys of energy use. Similarly, more detailed consumption data will
ultimately enable distributors to measure energy lost during distribution rather than estimating
losses using complex models.
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Encouraging Micro Generation
Sometimes, electricity customers install their own electricity generating equipment, due to
reasons of economy, redundancy or environmental concerns. In a case of a customer is
generating more electricity than required for his own use, the surplus may be exported back to
the power grid. In Sri Lanka also, electricity consumers are facilitated to export electricity to the
national grid under “Net Metering” scheme. Since conventional domestic meters only record
consumption, advanced meters should be deployed to accurately measure electricity exporting
from domestic micro generation plants (Eg. Solar Panels). This enables householders to be fairly
rewarded for their contribution, which makes smart meters one of the key enablers for the
widespread adoption of micro generation. Similarly, it can accelerate the use of distributed
generation, which can in turn encourage the use of green energy sources.
Promoting TOU Tariff
As in most countries, even in Sri Lanka, low voltage customers pay a flat, time-independent
electricity tariff, which does not incentivize the customers to reduce demand at peak times and
it leads to inefficient use of network assets. Once the smart meters are deployed, electricity
suppliers will get the opportunity to offer and communicate time-dependent rates to the
consumers through the meter, which eventually facilitate enabling Time of Use (TOU) based
tariff system for the customers, rewarding low rates for energy usage at off peak times of day.
Through the meter, customers can see how their consumption varies during the day and
respond to the TOU based tariffs that encourage them to use cheaper energy. These price
differences will help to encourage consumers to reduce their consumption in peaks times by
pushing some heavy power activities to low demand hours and is known as load shifting or peak
lopping. If this pricing method is applied in Sri Lanka, especially for domestic consumers, it will
be a great support to pull down the steep night peak and flatten the demand curve, which, in
turn, reduce the generation cost by shifting to low cost base load generation, as well as reduce
the need for additional expensive, carbon-polluting peaking power plants to cater the night
peak. Ultimately the electricity customers become an integral and active part of the overall
electric power system by helping to balance electrical demand with supply, easing the stress on
the distribution network.
Supporting to reduce the demand growth throw DSM
Since smart meters are capable of providing all information about electricity customers’ energy
consumption, it increases demand side management by enabling the consumers to modify their
consumption behavior, could slow down the growth in the energy demand. An overall reduction
in energy consumption will reduce the impending gap between forecast demand and generation
and help to assure security of supply.
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Reducing Carbon foot print
The smart meters not only can give detailed information about the consumption of electricity
but also provides the measurement of carbon emission due to the usage of electricity. This
means the people who are environmental friendly could actually make an informed decision
about their carbon footprints and control it by limiting their electricity consumption. This is
eventually a positive measure against global warming.
7. Disadvantages of Smart Meters
Health Concerns
Smart metering system cannot carry out its all tasks stand alone. The infrastructure should be
comprised with a communication module to transmit and receive the data through commonly
available fixed networks such as Broadband over Power Line (BPL), Power Line Communications
(PLC) or Fixed Radio Frequency (RF) networks. Out of them most health concerns about the meters
arise from the pulsed radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted by wireless smart meters. Also some
concerns have been raised about the long term impact of electromagnetic field emissions on
customers’ health.
Security Concerns
Most security concerns center on the inherent hack-ability of wireless technology. The introduction
of smart meters in residential areas could produce additional privacy issues that may affect
customers. Since these meters are often capable of recording energy usage every 15, 30 or 60
minutes, it can be used for surveillance, revealing information about customers’ possessions and
behavior and it can show when the customer is away for extended periods.
Other Issues
Since smart meters can be controlled remotely, it is easier for suppliers to disconnect the supply in
case of non-payments. Although this is an ease for utility people, it is a disadvantage in the
customers’ side, since the service disconnection could be done being at a distance, without visiting
the customer site without permitting additional time for the customers to make their payments.
Early notification of network faults following a power cut enables network faults to be located and
resolved more quickly. However, this functionality may have an adverse effect on a distributor’s
performance measures (Eg. Customer Minutes Lost, SAIDI), because the clock will start running at
the time of the fault rather than the time that the fault is first reported by a customer)
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8. Smart Meter Deployment Approaches - Worldwide Best Practice Lessons
Implementation and deployments of smart meters is being actively considered in many jurisdictions
across the world as a solution for number of issues occurred in power sectors around the world. The
following cases describe the experience of some nations in the process of smart metering
implementation.
Pakistan
Pakistan has been troubled with energy crises for more than five years. Through an estimate,
Pakistan had a power shortage of 5300 MW in 2010 and this shortage has been increasing due to
rapid growth in demand and a rather slow or no development work on the supply side. This energy
crisis has put the whole country and economy in a distress and each and every person in the country
is tired of the continuous load shedding which sometimes exceeds 16 hours per day. The second
problem, which essentially is the major reason of slow development of energy sector of Pakistan, is
electricity theft. It is estimated that Pakistan is losing billions of rupees annually on account of
electricity theft.
As the most potential solution to tackle the above mentioned problems, introducing smart metering
in Pakistan has been identified. Pakistan electricity companies Pakistan Electric Power Company
(Pepco) and Lahore Electric Supply Company (Lesco) have already announced plans to install smart
meters around the country.
As the first step of deploying smart meters in Pakistan, LESCO has launched a pilot project in certain
areas, and has been able to save tens of millions of rupees just by the investment of 6.2 million
rupees only. Similarly, theft and losses has been felt sharply from 11% to 2.9% in Shadbagh and
Shadman, and from 13.2% to 4.4% in Dehli gate, after installation of smart metering.
Italy
The world largest smart meters deployment took place in Italy by Ente Nazionale per l'energia
ELettrica (Enel) which is the largest power company in Italy with more than 32 million customer
base. It has achieved the target of deploying smart meters to its entire customer base between 2001
and 2005. These meters are fully electronic and smart, with integrated bi-directional
communications; advanced power measurement and management capabilities, software-
controllable disconnect switch, and an all solid-state design. An annual saving of €2.1 billion is
projected by this implementation.
Brazil
Brazil's government has mandated installation of more than 60 million smart meters by 2020. In this
context utilities in Rio de Janeiro are taking advantage of preparations for the 2014 World Cup
soccer championship and 2016 Olympic Games to deploy the meters.
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Netherland
In Netherland all residential customers are being provided a smart energy meter starting from 2008.
The proposed time frame for the whole project is 6 years. In the meantime, some pilot projects are
also being developed.
UK
In December 2009, The United Kingdom Department of Energy and Climate Change announced their
intention of installing smart meters all around UK by year 2020 and the rollout has officially started
in 2012. The United Kingdom rollout is considered to be the largest program ever undertaken
involving visits to more than 27 million homes to replace electricity meters.
Australia
In 2009, the Essential Service Commission (ESC) of Victoria commenced installing smart meters all
around Victoria. It is projected to install about one million smart meters by the end of 2013. Meters
installed in Victoria have been deployed with limited smart functionality that is being increased over
time. This program is expected to cost $ 1.6 billion.
France
In France 300,000 meters were launched as a large experiment in 2008. Consequently, after return
of experience, a target of compulsory deployment of smart meters for 95% of citizens by 2016 has
been assigned. The general deployment phase, involving replacement of 35 million meters, was
started in 2012 and continues through 2017.
Ontario - Canada
In Ontario, the Government passed legislation in 2006 establishing a new smart metering entity to
implement the smart metering program. The Government of Ontario had set a target of deploying
smart meters to 800,000 homes and small businesses, by the end of 2007.
Pennsylvania -USA
Six electric distribution companies have fully deployed advanced metering facilities with various
levels of smart functionality, in Pennsylvania State.
Texas - USA
In Texas a project of implementing 2.4 million smart meters is being carried out and will be
completed by 2014. A saving of $120.6 million is expected by the project during the surcharge period
of 12 years.
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Oregon - USA
In Oregon a project of deploying 850,000 meters was carried out from 2008 to 2010 enabling two-
way RF AMI, remote connect/disconnect and etc. A saving of $18.2 million was expected during
2011 following the implementation.
The following table shows the capital expenditure incurred for each category of smart meter
implementation in North America.
Figure 4. Smart Metering capital expenditure by category (North America 2009-2015)
9. Key Challenges to Implementation of Smart Meters in Sri Lanka
Technical Challenges
The existing electricity system in Sri Lanka does not support both demand side management and
decentralized power generation, since much of the transmission and distribution infrastructure we
have today, is more than 50 years old. This aging grid infrastructure is a huge barrier to deploy smart
meters in Sri Lanka, since it doesn’t support handling large amount of data. Therefore the existing
system must be upgraded, as well as a communication infrastructure also must be in place to
support successful deployment of smart meters.
Workforce Resistance
Once the smart metering technology is deployed, a skilled workforce is required to handle the
operations of the software based online systems as well as the data management system. Current
workforce may be inefficient in this aspect, since new technology may be difficult to understand for
the current workforce at the utilities, who may not have much experience working with data
management systems and other software. Similarly, once the automatic meter reading facility and
other remote operations are deployed, most of the current utility employees’, specially meter
readers’ occupation will fall in risk, since their duties are covered by the new technology itself.
Therefore a heavy resistance from the current workforce could be expected towards moving on to
the smart meters. This will be the biggest challenge for the utilities to replace their employees once
the new technology is deployed. Therefore the better approach is, training the current employees
and making them expertise to handle the data management operations instead of recruiting new
workers.
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High Capital Cost
Although smart meters are definitely one of the tools being considered to fight many issues in
electricity networks, it is still an expensive alternative. An advanced smart meter might cost $250 in
United States, but in a developing country the same device could cost $1,500 because of low
volumes and necessary rewiring. A full scale deployment of AMI requires expenditures on not only
smart meters, but also all the other hardware and software components, network infrastructure and
network management software, along with cost associated with the installation and maintenance of
meters and information technology systems. Therefore implementing a mass smart meter rollout,
especially in a developing country, would represent an enormous capital investment.
In this context, recovering the capital investment would be one of the biggest challenges, for a
developing country like Sri Lanka. Therefore a cost recovery arrangement should be organized prior
to commence meter rollout. The cost of meter rollout could be passed to the consumers or incurred
by the utility. But, since the initial capital cost is extremely high, most successful method of
recovering the cost is, including the cost of the meters in customers’ bills through regulated network
tariffs. And the best way is including regulated incentive arrangements designed to facilitate the
efficient roll out of meters.
Consumer Resistance
Due to lack of understanding and knowledge among the public about the benefits over deploying
smart meters and because of negative perceptions, initial resistance to the adoption of smart meter
technology can be expected by consumers, as it represents a forced change in consumer life style.
Also the consumers will be highly reluctant to offer their monetary contribution towards recovering
the cost of meters. Therefore consumer awareness regarding the merits of using smart meters and
societal benefits is needed very much, in order to meet this challenge and encourage consumers
through mitigating resistance of public towards rolling out. Also consumer education is needed
about the value of consumers’ active involvement in electricity market, and the potential benefits
for consumers.
10. Where are we now?
Sri Lanka has already declared its ambitions of introducing smart meters to Sri Lanka within a short
time period. The Minister of Power and Energy has recently given instructions to CEB and LECO to
explore the possibilities of up scaling the existing electricity grid to a Smarter Grid and of introducing
electronic smart meters. And as the initial approach, even a pilot project has been embarked last
year at the MPs official residences in Madiwela, which can be controlled through satellite technology
from the parliament complex.
In Sri Lanka, most of the bulk consumers already use advance electronic meters, since the electricity
tariff scheme introduced in 2011 has included the Time of Use (TOU) tariff for the industries. These
meters are comprised with only few smart functions, which are; energy usage recording & storage
facility accordance with the defined time slots and remote reading facility. Nevertheless, the remote
reading facility of these meters is still used only in Colombo City region, where the other meters are
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visited by the CEB officials to take down the monthly usage. The approximate cost of this type of
electronic meter with remote reading facility is Rs.25,000 and without the remote reading facility
the cost is around Rs.15,000.
Moreover, in 2010 the net metering was introduced, which has enabled the consumers to generate
their own electricity and sell the excess to either the national grid. The electronic meter used under
this scheme is capable of recording bi –directional energy flows as well as comprises the facility of
storing the energy data.
11. Smart Meter Deployment Approach
A smart metering rollout won’t happen overnight. Even the most aggressive rollout models would
take a decade or more, since it takes time to establish the consumers’ vision on the new concept.
During the transition period, suppliers will have to face numerous challenges as explained by the
previous section, as well as a lot of regulatory and standardization issues also have to be worked out.
The smart meter deployment approaches will depend upon the utility’s starting point, geography,
regulatory situation and long-term vision. Since the implementation of smart meters is a complex
task with many difficult decisions and choices, a clear decision is needed at the early stage on which
organization is leading on smart metering policy. The lead body could be government, utility
company, a regulatory authority, or a state organization. In case of Sri Lanka, this could be carried
out by Ministry of Power and Energy (MOPE), Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB), Public Utilities
Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) or Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA). And that leading body must
undertake overall responsibility of rollout, and will need to act to ensure that the smart metering
model developed a sound legal and regulatory framework. Similarly the regulatory authorities
should review those regulations that hinder the development of smart metering and should actively
promote demand response.
As the first phase of a smart meter rollout program, a pilot project should be launched in order to
explore the performance of smart meter solution and to demonstrate the technology. Also, it is
reasonable to say that smart metering should be started in the industrial sector and urban areas
first. After the success of the project in those areas, it should be deployed intensively in the rural
areas. Since smart meter rollout is a heavy investment, embarking a pilot exercise is very important
to make sure that the system is effective and productive. At the same time a cost benefit analysis
and an impact assessment including an analysis of the potential positive and negative effects of
smart meter implementation, should be carried out. Impact assessment will be helpful to identify
the measures required to protect consumers from the potentially negative impact as well as to take
future decisions of smart meter implementation.
After reviewing the results of the pilot project, the leading authority can decide whether to go for a
rollout or not. Prior to rollout is commenced, the minimum functionality and standards to ensure the
interoperability of the smarts meters to be installed and specified, since functionality of smart
meters is an important factor in determining the services that can be provided to customers through
the smart meter, as well as the capacity of the smart metering system to serve the needs of market
participants. Sometimes all the functions of the smart meters may not be able to deploy at the initial
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stage. The better approach is dividing the function deployments in to two phases. In the earlier part,
basic functions such as AMI and interval demand reading could be enabled to happen, and in the
latter part the advanced features could be implemented as a run up to the smart grids vision.
Moreover, a proper mechanism to recover the cost of meter implementation should be organized
prior to the rollout.
The following chart is more pertinent for markets where there is an active AMI technology evolution.
Figure 5. AMI Technology Evolution
12. Smart Meters - The First Wave of Smart Grid
Smart meters and their corresponding communications networks are the first wave of converting
the existing grid to Smart Grid. Deployment of AMI is a crucial and fundamental first milestone in the
development of the Smart Grid. Smart Grid is a transformed electricity transmission and distribution
network, that uses robust two way communications, advanced sensors, and distributed computers
to improve the efficiency, reliability, and safety of power delivery and use. Once the grid is made
smart, power suppliers will be capable of managing the network more effectively while delivering
the power quality necessary free of sags, spikes, disturbances and interruptions. Utility companies
should keep their insight to move beyond smart metering and eventually to implement smarter grid,
as their experience grows.
1
st
2
nd
3
rd
4
th
5
th
6
th
7
th
8
th
9
th
10
th
11
th
Year
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13. Conclusion
A key objective of smart metering is, to make customers more energy savvy, since the success of
smart metering projects is largely dependent on the consumers, who choose in the first place to
make an efficient use of energy and save their money. Energy savings and an increased security of
supply will be main drivers, and believe in smart metering as a means to reach these goals is
indispensable. Therefore, the consumer awareness of this equipment and know-how is very
important in order to reap full benefits from it.
Deploying smart meters is the most potential applicable solution to cope with the energy crisis
problem around the world. The main target of smart meter deployment could be different from
country to country. Generally, smart meters help to enhance the flexibility of the relationship
between the electricity supplier and the end user. And they are able to increase power system
operational efficiency and to support power system control. Smart metering is not an energy specific
phenomenon. It is part of a global trend towards the digital economy and the information society,
which would provide a win-win proposition to the utility, regulators and the customer. From the
wide acceptance of this concept around the world shows that, with no doubt this technology is
mature and can be implemented on a large scale.
However investing in smart meters could be risky for consumers since the benefits of smart
metering may accrue to other parties involved, than the ones that bear the cost. Therefore future of
smart metering will depend heavily on the energy policy and decisiveness of the governmental
bodies involved.
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