The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR Tx Rx pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into out of park. These two IR TX-RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and Rx are arranged face to face across the road so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message"parking space for 10 vehicles". The number indicates the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair since the microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD. lf the count reaches'0', i e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display"NO SPACE FOR PARKING" on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking This project uses regulated 5v. 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12v DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer
Design of Elevator Controller using Verilog HDLVishesh Thakur
The aim of the project is to design and implement an Elevator/Lift Controller using Verilog hardware descriptive language (HDL). The Elevator Controller is a device used to control a lift motion and to indicate the direction of motion, and the present floor level, etc. The device controls the lift motion by means of accepting the floor level as input and generate control signals (for control the lift motion) as output. The elevator controller is based on the concept of finite state machine technology. According to the FSM technology the elevator process can be defined with the help of different states. In the FSM technology there is a change from one state to another state likewise in the elevator there will be a change from one floor to another. Every possible way is assigned a path and the implemented based on FSM concept to write the program code for elevator controller. The whole program is designed in such a way that there are desirable switches in each floor and also inside the elevator to control the user commands. While the elevator is in the ground level in order to go upward direction we need only the up switch and nothing else. The same procedure we follow for the top floor. There is only one down switch there to move downward. But in between the ground floor and top floor all other floors contain two switches, one for moving up and another for moving down. Inside the elevator there must be at least ‘n’ switches for the implementation of an ‘n’ floor elevator controller. The elevator will move according to the desirable input that is given by the user. The design includes a simple scheme that aims at a good speed of response without requiring any extra logic circuitry.
Parking management systems have now become a necessity to guide people in a parking place and ensure efficient parking of vehicles. It allows managing the traffic and keep the parking space safe.
The main objective of this project is to avoid the congestion in the car parking area by implementing a parking management system. Normally at public places such as multiplex theaters, market areas, hospitals, function-halls, offices and shopping malls, one experiences the discomfort in looking out for a vacant parking slot, though it’s a paid facility with an attendant/ security guard. The parking management system is proposed to demonstrate hazel free parking for 32 cars, with 16 slots on each of the two floors. The proposed system uses 32 infrared transmitter-receiver pairs that remotely communicate the status of parking occupancy to the microcontroller system and displays the vacant slots on the display at the entrance of the parking so that the user gets to know the availability /unavailability of parking space prior to his/her entry into the parking place. In this system the users are guided to the vacant slot for parking using Bi-colored LEDs and the ultrasonic sensors enable the drivers to park the vehicle safely. The parking charges are automatically deducted from the user’s account using RFID technology. From security point of view a daily log-book of entry/exit along with the vehicle details is also registered in the computer’s memory.Implementation of concept of green communication and exception handling facility make the system concept unique and innovative.
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
project on smart car parking. automatic bill generation technique. individual timer system to calculate time. even odd day wise parking as per parking rule by government of india
A best and easy documentation about automatic braking system that may gives you a brief knowledge of Automatic Braking System related to Ultrasonic Sensor.
Final Year Project Report Sample for Engineers - IIT and State UniversityHitesh Sharma
A sample report for all final year college students, for Engineering and Management Branch.
Best for Mechanical and Core branch students.
Includes - First Page, Index Style, Abstract, Body, COnsclusion and Designing Methods.
Share and Support this file, thanks and also fo for my other uploads.
Indian Railway is the state-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India It's provides the full knowledge about Indian railways & its signalling system and it's gives the knowledge about rail-net and the network used in Indian rail and the topology used in indian railway for the internet .
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the ever merciful
We would like to express our profound and sincere gratitude to our project supervisor, Engr. Asma Katiar , and internal advisor: Engr. Asma Katiar, for their constant and valuable guidance, inspiration, forbearance and keen interest during this project work.
.
We are highly thankful to all of them including Dean Prof. Dr. Engr. Syed Hyder Abbas Musavi, Chairperson Department of Science and Technology Dr. Engr. Zahid Ali and all the members of FYP Committee.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge the immeasurable contribution of our parents, without their constant inspiration and comradeship this work would never have been over. After completion of this project we can confidently say that this experience has not only enriched us with technical knowledge but also enhanced the maturity of thoughts and vision
ABSTRACT
This project deals with manufacture of a Prototype of Automatic Solar Vertical Car Parking System. This system has been implemented to reduce the excess use the land space which is already very scarce in metro cities . Different types of vehicle parking are applied worldwide namely Multi-Level Automated Car Parking , Automated Car Parking System and Rotary Car Parking System. The Present Project work is aimed to develop a scale down working model of a car parking system of parking cars within a large parking area. The pallet rotation mechanism is used for driving the parking platform. This total prototype powered by Solar energy and D.C Motor. We can generated the energy through the solar panel and stores energy into battery and give energy to motor . When the car comes to Platform then user Punch is finger on Finger Module and incase if user aren’t able to do car park maybe other person can come to park a car it can use the pin no. to park a car , respectively comeback to platform and carry the car. Then the Pallet start and new space will be adjust for new car.
Design of Elevator Controller using Verilog HDLVishesh Thakur
The aim of the project is to design and implement an Elevator/Lift Controller using Verilog hardware descriptive language (HDL). The Elevator Controller is a device used to control a lift motion and to indicate the direction of motion, and the present floor level, etc. The device controls the lift motion by means of accepting the floor level as input and generate control signals (for control the lift motion) as output. The elevator controller is based on the concept of finite state machine technology. According to the FSM technology the elevator process can be defined with the help of different states. In the FSM technology there is a change from one state to another state likewise in the elevator there will be a change from one floor to another. Every possible way is assigned a path and the implemented based on FSM concept to write the program code for elevator controller. The whole program is designed in such a way that there are desirable switches in each floor and also inside the elevator to control the user commands. While the elevator is in the ground level in order to go upward direction we need only the up switch and nothing else. The same procedure we follow for the top floor. There is only one down switch there to move downward. But in between the ground floor and top floor all other floors contain two switches, one for moving up and another for moving down. Inside the elevator there must be at least ‘n’ switches for the implementation of an ‘n’ floor elevator controller. The elevator will move according to the desirable input that is given by the user. The design includes a simple scheme that aims at a good speed of response without requiring any extra logic circuitry.
Parking management systems have now become a necessity to guide people in a parking place and ensure efficient parking of vehicles. It allows managing the traffic and keep the parking space safe.
The main objective of this project is to avoid the congestion in the car parking area by implementing a parking management system. Normally at public places such as multiplex theaters, market areas, hospitals, function-halls, offices and shopping malls, one experiences the discomfort in looking out for a vacant parking slot, though it’s a paid facility with an attendant/ security guard. The parking management system is proposed to demonstrate hazel free parking for 32 cars, with 16 slots on each of the two floors. The proposed system uses 32 infrared transmitter-receiver pairs that remotely communicate the status of parking occupancy to the microcontroller system and displays the vacant slots on the display at the entrance of the parking so that the user gets to know the availability /unavailability of parking space prior to his/her entry into the parking place. In this system the users are guided to the vacant slot for parking using Bi-colored LEDs and the ultrasonic sensors enable the drivers to park the vehicle safely. The parking charges are automatically deducted from the user’s account using RFID technology. From security point of view a daily log-book of entry/exit along with the vehicle details is also registered in the computer’s memory.Implementation of concept of green communication and exception handling facility make the system concept unique and innovative.
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
project on smart car parking. automatic bill generation technique. individual timer system to calculate time. even odd day wise parking as per parking rule by government of india
A best and easy documentation about automatic braking system that may gives you a brief knowledge of Automatic Braking System related to Ultrasonic Sensor.
Final Year Project Report Sample for Engineers - IIT and State UniversityHitesh Sharma
A sample report for all final year college students, for Engineering and Management Branch.
Best for Mechanical and Core branch students.
Includes - First Page, Index Style, Abstract, Body, COnsclusion and Designing Methods.
Share and Support this file, thanks and also fo for my other uploads.
Indian Railway is the state-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India It's provides the full knowledge about Indian railways & its signalling system and it's gives the knowledge about rail-net and the network used in Indian rail and the topology used in indian railway for the internet .
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the ever merciful
We would like to express our profound and sincere gratitude to our project supervisor, Engr. Asma Katiar , and internal advisor: Engr. Asma Katiar, for their constant and valuable guidance, inspiration, forbearance and keen interest during this project work.
.
We are highly thankful to all of them including Dean Prof. Dr. Engr. Syed Hyder Abbas Musavi, Chairperson Department of Science and Technology Dr. Engr. Zahid Ali and all the members of FYP Committee.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge the immeasurable contribution of our parents, without their constant inspiration and comradeship this work would never have been over. After completion of this project we can confidently say that this experience has not only enriched us with technical knowledge but also enhanced the maturity of thoughts and vision
ABSTRACT
This project deals with manufacture of a Prototype of Automatic Solar Vertical Car Parking System. This system has been implemented to reduce the excess use the land space which is already very scarce in metro cities . Different types of vehicle parking are applied worldwide namely Multi-Level Automated Car Parking , Automated Car Parking System and Rotary Car Parking System. The Present Project work is aimed to develop a scale down working model of a car parking system of parking cars within a large parking area. The pallet rotation mechanism is used for driving the parking platform. This total prototype powered by Solar energy and D.C Motor. We can generated the energy through the solar panel and stores energy into battery and give energy to motor . When the car comes to Platform then user Punch is finger on Finger Module and incase if user aren’t able to do car park maybe other person can come to park a car it can use the pin no. to park a car , respectively comeback to platform and carry the car. Then the Pallet start and new space will be adjust for new car.
Gates are operated manually by gate keepers. Lots of energy is required in order to push or pull the gate.
Nowadays , no. of public as well as private vehicles are increasing rapidly, thereby increasing the no. of problems faced while parking them.
Suppose a vehicle needs to be parked and enters a parking area without any prior knowledge of availability of vacant space for parking.
If no vacancy is available; time ,fuel and money is lost abruptly and in return creates a lot of chaos inside the parking area.
This project is designed so as to automatically open or close the gate when the vehicle arrives and to facilitate the vehicle parking without human intervention.
Machine vision based smart parking system using Internet of ThingsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
It is expected that in the next decade, majority of world population will be living in cities.
Better public services and infrastructures in the city are needed to cope with the booming population.
City vehicles that cruising for parking have indirectly causing traffic, making one harder to travel around the
city. Thus, a smart parking system can certainly lays the foundation to build a smart city. This paper
proposed a cost-effective IoT smart parking system to monitor city parking space and provide real-time
parking information to drivers. Moreover, instead of the conventional approach that uses embedded
sensors to detect vehicles in the parking area, camera image and machine vision technology are used to
obtain the parking status. In the prototype, twenty outdoor parking lots are covered using a 5 megapixel
camera connected to Raspberry Pi 3 installed at the 5th floor of the nearby building. Machine vision in this
project that involved motion tracking and Canny edge detection are programmed in Python 2 using
OpenCV technology. Corresponding data is uploaded to an IoT platform called Ubidots for possible
monitoring activity. An Android mobile application is designed for user to download real-time data of
parking information. This paper introduces a low cost smart parking system with the overall detection
accuracy of 96.40%. Also, the mobile application allows users to alert other car owners for any emergency
incidents and double parking blockage. The developed system can provide a platform for users to search
for empty car parking with ease and reduce the traffic issues such as illegal double parking especially in
the urban area.
Consider the above diagram. FIGURE, of the car park The object of thi.pdfexcellentmobilesabc
Consider the above diagram. FIGURE, of the car park The object of this assignment is to write a
program to operate the barriers to allow the cars in and out. As you can see there is a box in
which there are two condition lights for when the car park is Full, and when there are Spaces.
The entrance to the car park is on the left hand side. When a car drives into the car park there is a
sensor that detects the car and this should cause the barrier to be opened to allow the car in. On
the right hand side is the exit. When a car leaves the car park it will activate a sensor inside the
park to open the exit barrier. Both the entry and exit barriers will need to be in the Up position
long enough to allow the cars to enter or leave the car park. The inputs and outputs are listed as
follows: IP0 = Entry Sensor OP0 = Entry Barrier IP1 = Exit Sensor OP1 = Exit Barrier OP2 =
Full Light OP3 = Spaces Light When writing the program it is necessary to observe the
following conditions. When the car park is not full the Spaces light should be \'ON\'. When the
car park is full the Full light should be \'ON\'. As a car enters or leaves the car park the entry and
exit barriers have to be held in the Up position long enough to allow the cars to pass under the
barriers. When the program is complete and the car park graphic is displayed in Simulation mode
the program is operated by pointing at the car and clicking the mouse button. You will see
directional pointers left and right so point at and click the direction you wish the car to travel.
When you wish a car to leave the car park point at the one you wish to leave the park and click.
You should explain the operation of the program, using the documentation facility.
Solution
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012
1 ISSN 2250-3153
ITS IMPLEMENTED IN THIS PAPER ,PLEASE GO THROUGH IT.
Abstract- Recently, with the rapid development of micro electronics technology, wireless
communication technology and embedded system, the technology of wireless sensor network
(WSN) has been advanced a lot. At the meanwhile, more and more producers and international
organizers want to make the mote more intelligent and standard. Sensor Networks being
considered as an emerging area of research in recent years has evolved in itself a large potential
to counteract the ongoing system. By networking large numbers of tiny sensor motes, it is
possible to obtain data about physical phenomena that was difficult or even sometimes
impossible to obtain in conventional ways. Automatic multi-stored car parking system is very
good substitute for car parking area. Since in modern world, where space has become a very big
problem and in the era of miniaturization its become a very crucial necessity to avoid the
wastage of space in modern, big companies and apartments etc. For example, in a space where
more than 100 cars need to be parked, it’s a very difficult task to do and also to reduce the
w.
- A pneumatic can be thought of a large flexible mechanical structure that is moved by some sort of control system. The control system takes its input from human operator & translates this command into the motion of actuators, which move the mechanical structure. The high performance and highly powerful.
- Pneumatic operated pneumatic shaper machine is efficient machine which works by pneumatic power, inserted of crank & shaping link mechanism here pneumatic power is employed with quick return mechanism this system consist of ram, pneumatic cylinder, time circuit when air from compressor is send to double acting cylinder via solenoid valve, this valve will make the cylinder to move too & for as per the single from the timer. Time will be programmed with delay.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
Smart car parking system final
1. AHMEDABAD
SILVER OAK COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHANOLOGY
A REPORT ON
AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING SYSTEM
Under the Subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – 1B. (2140002)
B.E. III , SEMESTER – V
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
Submitted by
1. PatelAchal (150773119033)
2. PatelJay (150773119043)
3.PatelBony(1400770119161)
4.PatelHemal (150773119041)
Mis.Roshani
(Faculty Guide)
Mr. MeetShah
(Head of Department)
Academic Year
2017– 18
2. SILVER OAK COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2017– 2018
CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that the Design Engineering – 1B. Work entitled “SMART
CAR PARKING LOT”
, carried out by the group of students mentioned below under my guidance is
approved for the Degree ofBachelorofEngineering in MechanicalEngineering
(Semester - V) of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad during the
academic year2016-17.
List of Students:-
1. PatelAchal (150773119033)
2. PatelJay (150773119043)
3.PatelBony(1400770119161)
4.PatelHemal(150773119041)
3. SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM
Automatic multistoried car parking system helps to minimize the parking area. In the
modern world where parking space has become a very big problem, it has become very
important to avoid the wastage of space in modern big companies and apartments etc. in
places where more than 100 cars need to be parked, this system proves to be useful in
reducing wastage of space. This automatic car parking system enables the parking of
vehicles, floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. Here any number of cars can
be parked according to the requirement. These makes the system modernized and thus
space-saving one. This idea is developed using 8051 microcontroller.
1 THEORY OF PROJECT
A display is provided at the ground floor which is basically a counter which will count the
number of cars in each floor and according to that message will be displayed on it. A
gate is also provided at the ground floor which is controlled by the stepper motor. Before
the gate an IR pair is provided to sense that the car has reached towards the gate. For
e.g. suppose a car reaches between the 2 IR pairs, then the LCD will display the
particular floor on which car can be parked. As soon as the car crosses the 2nd
IR pair,
the gate will open automatically. An indicator with green and red led is kept on each floor
to indicate whether the car can be parked on that particular floor or not. If green led of
any particular floor glows, then it will indicate that the particular floor is empty and you
can park your car on that floor. But in case if red led of that particular floor glows, then it
will indicate that there is no vacancy on that floor, in such case you can park your car on
the next floor according to the indication.
If there is no parking place, then all the red indicators of the floors will glow and the LCD
will display “NO SPACE FOR PARKING” and the gate will remain closed.
Program is written using 8051 microcontroller. All the circuits are interfaced with it.
2 ADVANTAGES OF MULTI-STORYCAR PARKING:-
Any like Newyork, Delhi, London has over five million cars and two-wheelers on its
roads, but not enough parking spaces. The demand for parking space has, on an
average in the main markets of Delhi, outstripped demand by 43 per cent. It is not just a
problem of Delhi or Mumbai; all the big cities in India are facing the space crunch.
Parking space is fast becoming a major issue in other cities like Kolkata, Bangalore,
4. Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Pune and other urban and semi-urban cities.
Multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically
require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the
same capacity.
A multi-storey car parks offer greatest possible flexibility for the realization of optimum
parking solution. Time-saving vertical and horizontal movements take place
simultaneously ensuring fast parking and retrieval times.
3 DISADVANTAGES OF MULTI-STORYCAR PARKING:-
Drivers who use multi-story parking facilities, sometimes known as parking garages,
often enjoy a number of benefits the structures provide. Despite the ability of the garages
to house a large number of cars, multi-story parking facilities also carry a number of
distinct disadvantages that arise from their tall, enclosed and often dimly lit nature.
1.Deterioration and Maintenance
Multi-story parking facilities support hundreds of thousands of pounds of vehicles, people
and equipment every day. Because the garages support very large amounts of weight
and loads that constantly change, the structures quickly deteriorate in the absence of
constant maintenance activity. In addition, according to Canada’s National Resource
Council, changing weather and environmental conditions can deteriorate a garage’s steel
support structure, creating an unsafe environment for garage users. A number of
corrosion inhibitors can help delay processes that eat away at the structure’s integrity,
according to the National Resource Council, but constant maintenance and upkeep must
include anti-corrosion measures to keep multi-story parking facilities structurally sound.
2.Parking Angle Considerations
Because many drivers of varying levels of skills and experience drive in, around and out
of parking garages every day, designers must pay special attention to the configuration
of parking spaces within the structures. In a municipal parking garage presentation
prepared by architects Sakri and Khairuddin, the designers noted that two-way traffic
flow in a multi-story garage presents a number of parking challenges for drivers and
designers. Parallel parking, for example, creates an inefficient use of limited space, while
straight parking spaces make parking difficult for some drivers. Other options, like angled
parking, do not work well with a two-way traffic flow and can only work well in garages
with separate entrance and exit openings.
5. 3.Safety
Because multi-story parking facilities allow limited natural light inside, some security
experts express concern about safety inside the structures. In their municipal
presentation, architects Sakri and Khairuddin recommend security devices that directly
connect to local police or public safety stations. In addition, the architects explicitly
describe a need to reduce dark places where criminals may hide. Even with security
measures in place, though, criminals still seem to thrive in multi-story parking structures;
in a 2009 article in the Chicago Sun-Times, one parking garage user expressed
frustration after experiencing three burglaries within two years.
6. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO.
CHAPTER NO. TITLE
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF FIGURES
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 CAR LIFT
1.1.1 Electro Hydraulic Scissor Lift
1.1.2 Full Automatic Electro Hydraulic Cable Lift
1.1.3 Post Mechanical Vehicle Lift
1.2 TYPE OF LIFT SYSTEM
l.2.l Sub Lift
I.2.2 Opti Lift
13 1.2.3 Major Lift
1.2.4 Idea Lift
1.2.5 High Lift
1.3 TYPES OF PARKING SYSTEM
1.3.1 Multi Parking
17 1.3.2 Tower Parking 1.3.3 Square Parking
1.3.4 Puzzle Parking
1.5 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS USED
1.5 WORKING LITERATURE REVIEW
1.6 IN DETAILS SMART CAR PARKING LOT
7. ABSTRACT
The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting
project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car
parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the
park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can
be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR Tx Rx pairs are used in this project to
identify the entry or exit of the cars into out of park. These two IR TX-RX pairs are
arranged either side of the gate. The TX and Rx are arranged face to face across the road
so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched
on, the LCD displays the message"parking space for 10 vehicles". The number indicates
the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a car comes in front of the
gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating
the stepper motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair
since the microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the
microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the
microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on
LCD. lf the count reaches'0', i e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will
display"NO SPACE FOR PARKING" on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the
park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the
park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking This
project uses regulated 5v. 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12v DC is used for
relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full
wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down
transformer
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We consider our self exceptionally fortunate that we had indulgent guides, learned
philosophers and caring friends to successfully steer us through one of the most interesting
period of our academic career. Today when our endeavor has reached its friction, we
look back in mute gratitude to one and all without whose help we are sure this reality would
have been a dream. This work has been possible through the direct and indirect
co- operation of various people of JIET towards whom we wish to express our gratitude
We are extremely thankful to JIET faculties who provided us challenging opportunity to
work on this project. our special thanks to Prof. Ashwini Mathur(Project Guide) who
allowed us to work on this project. He provided us with all the possible help and
advice. Without their guidance this project would have not reached its completion in such
a successful manner. We are also thankful to Prof Rakesh Naravat(Project Guide) for
their valuable suggestions and for sharing their valuable knowledge and suggestions that
have contributed immensely to the evolution of ideas on the subject Above all I pay my
sincere gratitude to parents, who blessed me with patience and vigor to complete this
work with full efficiency. It's not only my duty but a matter of joy and pleasure to once
again convey my thanks to all.
9. LIST OF FIGURE
1. ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SCISSORS LIFT
2. FULL AUTOMATIC ELECTRO HYDRAULICCABLE LIFT
3. POST MECHANICAL VEHICLE LIFT
4. SUB LIFT
5. OPTI LIFT
6. MAJOR LIFT
7. IDEA LIFT
8. HIGH-LIFT
9. MULTI PARKING
10. TOWER PARKING
11. SQUARE PARKING
12. PUZZLE PARKING
13. TOWER SYSTEM FOR 2–8 (& MORE) PARKING LEVELS
14. TRANSFER AREA LATERAL TO THE LIFT
15. TRANSFER AREA
16. ROLLER GATE
17.TURNING DEVICE
18. SYSTEM-RELEVANT CORROSION PROTECTION-1
19. SYSTEM-RELEVANT CORROSION PROTECTION-2
20. VEHICLE WIDTH DIMENSIONS
21. DOOR-OPENING -DISTANCE WITH DIFFERENT PLATFORM WIDTHS
10. INTRODUCTION
As the technology advances there is an increasing need for improvement in the existing
technology. So as we found out there are some areas where we can provide a single
unit control which will be must beneficial for providing an efficient working in the
industry. As the industry performing the manual work function so we are trying to
provide a single unit control to drive the multiple application under the regulated control
format so a single person can handle many application at a time with more easy and
comfortably. With the advent of modern technology, the human brain is working day by
day to develop complex and more technology specific products which have multifarious
applications in the different aspects of work field. This project deals with designing of
one such product which can be used multifariously in various commercial and official
activities. An introduction Project can be given as designing of an Automatic Car Parking
controlled through a microcontroller. It consist of an panel which is attached to varies
electrical devices from which a single person can handles all system from one position
This operations are controlled by microcontroller. The desired physical results hence all
operations can be easily managed with the PC.
CAR LIFT
There are many kinds of car litts some of are defined as:
1. ELECTRO HYDRAULICSCISSORSLET
This particular system is used for lifting
distances of up to 6 meters(19 8") or
less. Preffered when there is not enough
room for side posts to elevate with 4 post
mechanical lifts or the cable lifts. Requires
a pit of 10 cm up to 150 cm depending on
the travel distance. Plese contact for quotes
and more...
11. Techanical Specifications
Lifting Speed:
Hydraulic Pack: Kleemann T-600
Elevator Cabin Dkp Steel Diabar Model
Cabin Gate Wittur Full Automatic, Central
Floor Gates Wittur Full Automatic, Central 4 Panel
Floor Gate Dimensions: 2300hx3000w Mm.
Control Panel: Prokont-Weber, Emin Micro Processor
Control Installation Lapp Kabel Or Draka
Cabin Control Buttons: Micro Touch Buton
Floor Control Buttons: Micro Touch Buton
Emergency Control: 12 Emergency And Hand Pump
2. Full Automaticelectro Hydrauliccable Lift
This is the most popular type for car lifting requirements especially for architectural
projects where car parking has been designed within the basement floors of the buildings
or old buildings rennovated with car parkings re-designed to be above or below the street
level. Available for lifting distances of up to 40 meters(130 feet)
12. System is good for elevatons up to only 3.5 meters(l I'6"). This is an economical type of
vehicle lifting: The drawback of the system is that it requires 4 posts and lifting speed is
relatively slow due to its mechanical working principle. Technical Specs: Lifting
speed: cm/sec sec elevator cabin: DKP steel DIABAR model Cabin Gate WITTUR full
automatic, central Floor Gates WITTUR full automatic, central 4 panel Floor Gate
Dimensions: 2300hx3000w mm. Control Panel: PROKONT-WEBER, emin micro
processor Control installation LAPP KABEL or DRAKA Cabin control buttons: micro
touch buton floor control buttons: micro touch buton Emergency control: 12 emergency
and hand pump
OTHER TYPE CAR LIFTING SYSTEM
1. SUB LIFT
13. Each vehicle can move in and out of the system independently without disturbing the
others. vehicles on the lower layer(s) can be parked when the system is raised. Roller
Chain drive Operation: touch screen push button IC card max retrieval time: 45
seconds for the 2 layer system and 70 seconds for the 3 layer system
hotels, public and private parking lots, car collectors car rentals and dealers, for both
indoor and outdoor installations. Highly suitable for places with low height
constraints(Height clearance as low as 270 cm 106" No site building works required for
installation. Where there is a large parking requirement, using low cost commercial
power units, these lifts can be positioned next to each other for maximum space
utilization. Being a dependent type parking system, makes this unit suitable for valet
operation. Please view"lifting up short movie" at the bottom of the page under the
14. heading"related downloads". Adjustable height clearance with electric switch. This
particular model comes in 4 difterent sizes:
l) HIGH WIDE 2) HIGH NARROW 30 Low WIDE 4) Low NAR
Typically electro-static owen painted but also can be completely hotdip galvanized on demand.
13 3 MAJOR LIFT
Industrial type prefabricated park-lifts can be used by Municipalities in high- traffic city
centers to deminish traffic caused by parking-space searching cars and increase parking
capacities Increase the car parking capacity of your office building. At an auto gallery to
demo more cars to get extra attention at the showroom. At a pay parking lot to increase
the capacity of the premises. At a city centrum hotel garden, airport, shopping mall to
increase the parking capacity Cars at a parklift is extremely secure. Getting extra space
is major advantage but there are other advantages: Cars much safer at the parklift
against burglary or theft. The chance of getting hit by other cars up above is simply
none. Systems can be used indoorsor out Needs almost no maintenance. Just like the
Opti-lift Major lift is a dependent type parking mechanism. Hot dip galvanizing of all steel
components protects these lifts for life.
15. 4.IDEA LIFT
These independent type lifts are suitable for new housing and commercial developments This lift
will allow all vehicles to be removed freely without disturbance of the others. The IDEA lifts
come in 3 different models each with various height clearance options: 1) IDEA
STANDART: Most popular type. Comes in various headroom options suited for various size
vehicles 2) IDEA Low: suitable, if overall height clearance is limited 3) IDEA 3-HIGH: To
stack 3 high independently Each of these models have mono versions(picture on the right and duo
versions(picture on the left).Idea 3-high is only supplied in mono version(single deck) All our
idea models are typically completely hot-dip galvanized. Suitable for both indoors and
outdoors. 15 Technical Specification Completely hot dip Galvanized for better protection. steel
cable safety system against chain failure. Dual opposite gear safety mechanism to ensure balanced
lifting Hydraulic security system: 1) stop valves for emergency use 2) parachute valves hose rupture
valves adjustable wheel stoppers for parking Installation time: 4-6 hours w/ 4 men Removable key
control panel Bosh Rexroth Power Packs
5. HIGH – LIFT
16. They are engineered to lift motor vehicles for parking purposes but also suitable for car
dealers to use as a showcase with glasscover around the steel construction. Structural
Analysis for these lifts has been carried out in accordance with UBC-97(Uniform Building
Code) & AscE-7(American Society of civil Engineers) with EQ and wind loads taken into
consideration. Systems are approved by City of New York Dept. of Buildings. During
manufacture, these units are sand blasted, treated with an anti-corrosion coating and
then painted giving a long operational life.. 4 highs and 3 highs come in 2 different
height versions for sedans and suvs.
1.MULTLPARKING
Because each elevator and cart is operated independently on each level, entry and
exit is quick. Retrieval time of a vehicle is less than two minutes.
Low noise and vibration. Elevators never touch guide rails, use of urethane rollers
minimize noise when transferring pallets from elevator to carts and then to parking
slot.
Entry and exit is very quick and convenient. We incorporate a built in turntable on
each elevator.
Completely equipped with multiple sensors and triple safety devices. A self malfunction
diagnostic control provides you with an excellent level of safety and reliability.
17. The Multi-Parking system has been designed to automatically move the vehicles by
lift which then transfers it to a waiting cart on one of the multi-levels. The carts then
travel horizontally and place the vehicle in its appropriate slot. This system is suitable
for middle and large-scale buildings as well as independent public parking
garage. The multi-parker can accommodate as little as 20 vehicles to several
thousand units. It is therefore suitable for large scale projects. It can move more
than 2 vehicles at the same time for maximum efficiency
18. 2. TOWER PARKING
Minimal land use. An area of 7mx7m can park up to 50 vehicles. Low noise and
vibration. Elevators never touch guide rails, use of urethane rollers minimize
noise when transferring pallets from elevator to storage Entry and exit is very
quick and convenient. We incorporate a built in turntable on the elevator and
retrieval time is less than two minutes. Completely equipped with multiple
sensors and triple safety devices. A self malfunction diagnostic control provides
you with an excellent level of safety. Has the capability of holding cue memory
when multiple patrons come to retrieve there vehicles during rush hours. The
elevator type often called the Parking Tower, is designed to automatically move
the vehicles on a pallet vertically on the elevator, it then transfers it horizontally
left or right for storage. Very fast retrieval time is accomplished in less than two
minutes. This system is suitable for medium or large scale buildings. It can also
be used as a stand alone tower for a parking garage business. Since it is
controlled by an integrated computer system, the overall operation can be viewed
with one screen and its operation is very user friendly. We incorporate German
motors and components are used in every system by world known SEW
Eurodrive.
19.
20. 3.SQUARE PARKING.
With eight times the space efficiency of a ramped garage, this system can use
the narrow basement spaces to its maximum capacity. Up to six levels can be
equipped with this new technology With the adoption of the high speed lifting
mechanism, the elevating speed has become very quick, thereby significantly
shortening the time required for entering and leaving With our upper entrance
design, it is convenient because the built-in turntable allows for easy entry and
exit. After entering the vehicle in the parking garage, the parking system is
designed to move the vehicles vertically with elevators on each end. The garage
consists of several levels where the vehicles are moved horizontally which rotate
the pallets in conjunction with the elevators. The multi floor circulation type is
suitable for small and mid-sized buildings because of its high space efficiency.
21.
22. 4 Puzzle Parking in 2.3, or 5 HIGH versions
Independent parking The top layer pallets can move up and down lower layer pallets
can move either left to right or up and down. Max time to retrive cars is 60 sec with
2& 3 high systems and 90 sec with 4& 5 High systems PLC control. easy
operation, push button lifting with chain at 2& 3 highs and steel cables at 4& 5 High
systems Built in drop protection, prevents failure and accidents. photoelectric
checking system which controls vehicle size Emergency stop pushbutton Steel
construction with complete galvanization Safe operation, low maintenance
23.
24. WORKING
The initial condition for the lift is at ground. At the ground controller always check for
the car to park and to retrieve car. Car Parking Parking process starts with the car
enters in the slot. Each floor consist of two sensors, upper extreme& lower extreme
to set/stop the position of the lift A display is provided at the ground floor which is
basically a counter that displays number of cars in each floor. It informs whether the
floors are fully filled with the cars or is it having place in a particular floor or
not. There is facility of lift to carry the car to up and down. Movement ofLift is
controlled by stepper motor. When the lift reaches the first floor, the processor
compares the filled amount to that of the already fed capacity of that floor, and if it
finds that the first floor is fully filled, it goes to the second floor and thus the
procedure stops here. As soon as a car is placed in a particular floor, the display
counter at the ground floor increments as to indicate the floor capacity has decreased
by one. After the lift places the car in a particular floor, it comes back to its normal
position and that time, the motor that drives it also stops. When a person needs to
come down from a particular floor to ground floor, he is expected to focus the
headlight onto the LDR placed in that floor. Now sensor section sends signal to
motor that the lift has to be send back to that particular floor and sends a signal to
glow RED LED indicating that the lift is busy. As soon as the lift reaches that
particular floor car should come inside the lift, the display counter at the ground floor
decrements by one as to indicate the floor capacity has increased by one. Lift comes
back to its normal position and the that time, motor that drives it, also stops.
25. LITERATURE REVIEW
This article by Smith and Roth(2003), talks about how advanced Car Park techniques
are being implemented using the SMS services available on cellular phones. It
describes how useful these advanced car parking systems are in providing drivers with
information about the structure of the car park system and the spaces available for
them to park their cars.
The availability of the vacant parking spaces is calculated by means of sensors
installed in the parking areas, which count the number of cars that enter and exit from
the parking space. Also, the number of parking tickets issued at the ticket counter can
be used to calculate the vacant spaces. All this information from the sensors and the
ticket counters is used to update a central database which stores all the information
about the areas of the parking space which is vacant or occupied. Smith and
Roth(2003) also compare the parking techniques used at various airports in the United
States. Among these, the notable ones are Houston International airport and the
Baltimore airport at Massachusetts. The parking spaces at Houston international
airport have wires embedded at the entry. exits and the various levels of the parking
lots. These wires act as sensors and record the entry and exit of the card to update
the central database. At the Baltimore airport, there are ultrasonic sensors at the top
of each parking space which sense the availability or unavailability of each
space. These sensors update the central database. Information from this central
database is used to display information at the"way-find" signs at the end of each row
of the parking area and advise the drivers whether parking space is available or
unavailable in that particular row These advanced car park systems also provide
advanced, electronic payment options for the customers. The idea behind these
electronic payment options is to
prevent the customers from having to wait in long queues to but a ticket. "Queues can
cause congestion in areas within and outside ofparking facilities[1]. Smith and
Roth(2003). in their article, cite examples of mobile parking or"m- parking" facilities
that are being used in Vienna(Austria) and Melbourne(Australia). Under the m-parking
technology, customers initially register their mobile number, the license plate number
of the car and their credit card number with the car park authorities, to create what is
26. called a"virtual parking ticket account 12l. This completes the initial, one-time
registration process. Whenever the customer needs to park, they would send an SMS
text message to the number provided by the car park authorities. The SMS message
would consist of the license plate number of the car, the location code of the parking
area where they want to park and the time duration(in minutes) for which the customer
wants to park. In return, the customer would then receive a text message from the car
park message centre, with the confinmation and the expiry time of their electronic
parking ticket. The customer would be sent a reminder SMS, 10 minutes before the
parking time expires. The bill for the parking ticket would come up on the customer's
mobile bill Thus, these advanced car park techniques provide the car parking
authorities as well as the customers with the following advantages(Smith and
Roth, 2003) Reduction in time spent and fuel consumed while searching for available
parking space. in congestion due to fewer cars driving around searching for Reduction
Elimination of queues entering parking facilities because drivers will not go to a facility
where there is no available space. Reduction in illegally parked vehicles. vy Rene
distribution of flow and parking demand through the area
27. IN DETAILS SMART CAR PARKING LOT
Specification
As tower and/or pit version providing 2 to 8 parking levels
Automatically operated parking systems for 10 to more than 100 cars
Variable system length available
Multiple row arragnements with up to 2 parking rows behind each other
Well adaptable to individual project requirements
Safe for user and cars (no narrow ramps, dark stairs, no damage caused by theft
or vandalism)
Customazible arrangement of the transfer area
Integrated Turntable option available
Very fast access time by use of a quick-change pallet system
No ramps and driving lanes
No costly illumination and ventilation necessary
Different car heights possible, e.g. Vans, SUVs
For car weight up to 2.5 t, higher loads are possible after consultation with Wöhr
Easy operation with several control options, e.g. transponder chip or remote
control
Suitable for residential- and office buildings and for public parking
Following the idea of "Green-Parking"
Tower System For 2–8 (& More) Parking Levels
Parking system for 2–8 parking
levels as tower variant Linear
Variable arrangement of transfer area
Vehicles of various height can be parked thanks to parking levels of various
height
Quick-change pallet system = short access times Integrated turning device
possible
28.
29. Transfer Area Lateral To The Lift
The carisparkedinthe transfer areaand the mainentrance doorwill beclosed
The lateral door to the vertical lift/working area will open
The empty pallet will be moved at the same time from the vertical lift into the pallet
storage underneath the entrance area
30. The vertical lift move tothe entrance level and takethe pallet withthe carfrom the
entrance area
The lateral door to the vertical lift closes
the empty pallet is lifted into the transfer area
Anew parkingoperationispossibleinthe transfer area, whilst the vertical lift isstill
moving the pallet withthe cartothe storage.
Transfer Area
31. Flush-type or surface- mounted type operating panel. Operated by
inductive chip
Receiver for remote control (optional)
Large text display
Car width monitoring
Car length monitoring
Car height monitoring
Gate monitoring
Car presence
Roller Gate
Turning Device
20
min.280
35
40
270
400
32. Control
The parking operationisinitiated by inductive chip touched to the operating panel, located
at the entrance area. It is possibleto connect it with an automatic
cashier system. More than one system canbe inter-linked by a master computer.
Statics, Construction And Steel Structure
The steel structure serves as a frame-work for the lift system
and the pallets. The steel structure is fastened to the floor with metal splaydowels and
shored-up sidewiseagainst the external walls.
Drainage
The pallets are watertight. Tripping water, snow etc. is caught and will not soil cars stored
below. Werecommend to provide a drainagein the
parking area and to connect it to a pump sump.
Availability
availability of the automatic parking system will reach at least 98% after a 6-month
operationtime
Fire Protection
Preventive fireprotectionmeasures should bediscussedbetween the architect and
the building authority and/or the preventive fire protection authority.
Ventilation/Environmental Conditions
The electrical control elements are in accordance with EN 60204-1and the mechanical are
provided for a temperature range + 5 – + 40
degrees Celsius. Other environmental conditions would require a special consideration.
A ventilation system is required by
the client to provide continuous exchange of air, to effect a reduction in the level of
atmospheric humidity, prevent condensation, remove moisture carried byvehicles (rain,
snow, ice or the like) and in accordancewith Health and Safety at Work Regulations.
Notes
We reserve the right to make designchanges. We reserve the right to change
construction details on the basisof technological progressand in the light of
environment regulations.
33. CORROSION PROTECTION COMBILIFT
– Driving Metal Sheets, Drive On Sheets,CoverPlates
Hot-dippedgalvanised as per DIN EN ISO 1461 with approx. 45µm zinc layer.
– Side Panels
Hot-dippedgalvanised as per DIN EN ISO 1461 with approx. 55µm zinc layer.
– Cross Beam
Hot-dippedgalvanised as per DIN EN ISO 1461 with approx. 55µm zinc layer.
– Screws,Washer And Nuts For The Installation Of The Driving Metal Sheets
Sheet mounting for the sideand central panels of self-channelling
screws, zinc multi-disc coating, approx. 12–15µm layer thickness.
Wahers and nuts electrolytically galvanised as perDIN 50961,approx.
5–8 µm zinc layer.
SYSTEM-RELEVANT CORROSION PROTECTION
35. Corrosion Protection Parking Platform/Turntable
– Driving Metal Sheets (Parking Platform 501,503) And CoverPlates
Hot-dippedgalvanised as per DIN EN ISO 1461 with approx. 45µm zinc layer.
– Side Panels
Hot-dippedgalvanised as per DIN EN ISO 1461 with approx. 55µm zinc layer.
– Frame
Hot-dipped galvanised as per DIN EN 10326with 275g/sqm
– Cross Beam
Partially hot-dipped galvanised as per DIN EN 10326with 275
g/sqm, approx. 20 µm zinc layer, partially hot-dipped galvanised
as perDIN EN ISO 1461 with approx. 55µm zinc layer.
– Screws,Washer And Nuts For The Installation Of The Driving Metal Sheets
Sheet mounting for the sidepanels of self-channelling screws,
zinc multi-disc coating, approx. 12–15µm layer thickness.
Wahers and nuts electrolytically galvanised as perDIN 50961,
approx. 5–8 µm zinc layer.
System-Relevant Corrosion Protection
36. VEHICLE WIDTH DIMENSIONS
Cars are becoming wider. To ensure comfortable entry and exit, we recommend
choosing platformswithminimum widths of250cm forsingleunits and of 500cm for
doubleunits. Evenwiderplatformsof260cmand 270cm arealsoavailableforsingle
units. For405,440 and 450double units, platformsof520cmand 540cm are
availableforhighercomfort.
209 208
203
207 194
VW Golf
200
VW Passat
203
37. DOOR-OPENING- DISTANCE WITH DIFFERENT PLATFORM WIDTHS
DimensionsInCm
The vehicle parkingpositionsandcarwidthdimensionsofothervehicle
models can vary from those shown above. Therefore, the door opening
distances in the diagrams are only provided as theoretical estimations for
guidance.
Opel
Platformwidth 230 Platformwidth 240
VW
Platformwidth 250
BMW
71
Platformwidth 270