This document discusses various skin findings that can indicate underlying genetic disorders. It describes spots and bumps commonly seen in tuberous sclerosis complex (ash leaf spots), neurofibromatosis type 1 (cafe au lait spots and freckling), and McCune-Albright syndrome (irregular cafe au lait spots). Stretch marks are discussed as a potential sign of Marfan syndrome. Yellow patches on the neck can indicate pseudoxanthoma elasticum, while frequent nosebleeds may point to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Pigmented macules around the lips are a hallmark of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Pigmentation disorders of skin dermatology revision notesTONY SCARIA
dermatology revision notes for neet pg preparation based on lecture notes with high yield topic & last minute revision notes based on previous year questions
Pigmentation disorders of skin dermatology revision notesTONY SCARIA
dermatology revision notes for neet pg preparation based on lecture notes with high yield topic & last minute revision notes based on previous year questions
history of TB,epidemiology, clinical features, lab diagnosis, treatment, MDR TB, XDR TB, TDR TB, and mechanism of drug resistant, methods of identification of resistant drugs
Hereditary disorder of keratinization characterized by expanding atrophic anular patch(es) surrounded by prominent keratotic ridge called the cornoid lamella
history of TB,epidemiology, clinical features, lab diagnosis, treatment, MDR TB, XDR TB, TDR TB, and mechanism of drug resistant, methods of identification of resistant drugs
Hereditary disorder of keratinization characterized by expanding atrophic anular patch(es) surrounded by prominent keratotic ridge called the cornoid lamella
The COVID-19 pandemic has created several challenges for our country’s health care infrastructure, and the community health center workforce is no exception. Join us as we describe strategies to get patients back into dental care. Along with these strategies, participants will learn how to recognize challenges in dental practices, as well as how to engage the interdisciplinary care team through role redesign and integration to increase access to comprehensive care.
NTTAP Webinar Series - June 7, 2023: Integrating HIV Care into Training and E...CHC Connecticut
In order for health centers to provide compassionate and respectful HIV prevention, care, and treatment in comprehensive primary care settings, the clinical workforce must be knowledgeable, confident, and competent in their ability to do so.
We’ll explore the need to integrate HIV care into training and education for the clinical care team, as well as educational models to train the next generation. Using Community Health Center Inc.’s Center for Key Populations Fellowship for Nurse Practitioners (NPs) as a framework for best practices, experts will discuss how to implement specialty care for key populations in your training programs. Additionally, participants will gain awareness of the importance of training the clinical workforce on key population competencies in HIV programs (e.g. HCV, MOUD, LGBTQI+ health, homelessness, and harm reduction).
Utilizing the Readiness to Train Assessment Tool (RTAT™) To Assess Your Capac...CHC Connecticut
Improve educational training experiences at your health center by assessing your capacity and infrastructure to host health professions students.
Join the upcoming hands-on interactive activity session to learn how to utilize the Readiness to Train Assessment Tool (RTAT™). This tool was developed by HRSA-funded National Training and Technical Assistance Partners (NTTAP) at Community Health Center, Inc. (CHC) to understand organizational readiness to host health professions student training programs.
NTTAP Webinar Series - May 18, 2023: The Changing Landscape of Behavioral Hea...CHC Connecticut
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant shifts in the mode of care from face-to-face to virtual interactions. Join us as we discuss the challenges currently facing behavioral health care and at least one strategy for each. Along with these strategies, panelists will go over what integrated behavioral health care was and is before and following COVID-19, as well as what actions should be taken going forward to increase access to comprehensive care.
Panelists:
• Dr. Tim Kearney, PhD, Chief Behavioral Health Officer, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Melinda Gladden, LCSW, PMHC, Behavioral Health Clinician, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Jodi Anderson, LMFT, Virtual Telehealth Group Coordinator, Community Health Center, Inc.
NTTAP Webinar Series - April 13, 2023: Quality Improvement Strategies in a Te...CHC Connecticut
Join us for a webinar on quality improvement in team-based care!
Building a quality improvement (QI) infrastructure within team-based care is an organizational strategy that will establish a culture of continuous improvement across departments and improve quality in all domains of performance.
Participants will learn about:
• QI infrastructure
• Facilitating QI committees
• Coach training within health centers
Faculty will also provide an example of how trained coaches use QI tools to test and implement changes within an organization.
Implementation of Timely and Effective Transitional Care Management ProcessesCHC Connecticut
Join us to discuss best practices for integrating daily follow-ups for patients recently hospitalized for health emergencies. Effectively following up with patients is a critical responsibility for integrated care teams.
Experts will share how their teams respond to patients to identify care gaps and support the transition of care. Workflow descriptions will provide participants with the tools to support their work to adapt specific steps into their model of team-based care.
Panelists:
• Mary Blankson, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, FAAN, Chief Nursing Officer, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Veena Channamsetty, MD, FAAFP, Chief Medical Officer, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Bibian Ladino-Davis, Behavioral Health Coordinator, Weitzman Institute
Implement Behavioral Health Training Programs to Address a Crucial National S...CHC Connecticut
Health centers are uniquely positioned to address the unprecedented need for behavioral health services but are challenged by the workforce shortage. Participants will gain the knowledge needed to begin conceptualization of a training pathway.
Join us to discuss the considerations of sponsoring an in-house training program across all educational levels, including the benefits, program structure, design, curriculum, supervisors' role, and required resources.
Experts will provide participants with examples from practicum and postdoctoral level training programs to help them gain confidence in developing a behavioral health training pathway.
HIV Prevention: Combating PrEP Implementation ChallengesCHC Connecticut
Expert faculty present case-based scenarios illustrating common challenges to integrating HIV PrEP in primary care. As part of improving clinical workforce development, this session will delve into a variety of specific PrEP implementation challenges. Participants will leave with strategies to overcome these obstacles to establish or strengthen their PrEP program.
Panelists:
• Marwan Haddad, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, Medical Director, Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.,
• Jeannie McIntosh, APRN, FNP-C, AAHIVS, Family Nurse Practitioner, Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc.
NTTAP Webinar Series - December 7, 2022: Advancing Team-Based Care: Enhancing...CHC Connecticut
Join us as expert faculty outline the differences between case management, care coordination and complex care management to frame up a discussion on strategies to leverage effective models for both in-person and remote services.
Expert faculty will discuss the role of the medical assistant and the nurse in care management, as well as how standing orders and delegated orders support this work. This session will discuss how telehealth and remote patient monitoring enhancements can support complex care management for patients with chronic conditions.
Participants will leave this session with the knowledge and tools to begin or enhance implementation of chronic care management by enhancing the role of the medical assistant, nurse and the technology that supports the clinical care.
Panelists:
• Mary Blankson, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, Chief Nursing Officer, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Tierney Giannotti, MPA, Senior Program Manager, Population Health, Community Health Center Inc.
NTTAP Webinar: Postgraduate NP/PA Residency: Discussing your Key Program Staf...CHC Connecticut
Expert faculty will discuss the drivers, benefits, and processes of implementing a postgraduate residency training program at your health center. This session will dive deeper into a discussion on the responsibilities of key program staff, preceptors, mentors, and faculty for successful implementation. This webinar will equip participants with a road map to go from planning to implementation and offer an opportunity for coaching support.
Panelists:
• Program Director of the Nurse Practitioner Residency Program, Charise Corsino, MA
• Clinical Program Director of the Nurse Practitioner Residency Program, Nicole Seagriff, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Training the Next Generation within Primary CareCHC Connecticut
This webinar discussed the various avenues of workforce development including:
• training non-clinical roles
• the value of an administrative fellowship
• the key questions to ask before establishing a fellowship at your agency
The discussion referenced CHC Chief Operating Officer Meredith Johnson and CHC Project Manager Megan Coffinbargar’s publication “Establishing an Administrative Fellowship Program: A Practical Toolkit to Support and Develop Future Community Health Center Leaders” for the National Association of Community Health Centers (NACHC).
Panelists:
• April Joy Damian, PhD, MSc, CHPM, PMP, Vice President and Director of the Weitzman Institute, Community Health Center, Inc.
• Megan Coffinbargar, MHA, Project Manager, Optimizing Virtual Care Initiative, Community Health Center, Inc.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Skin Clues to Genetic Disorders
Leah W. Burke, MD
February 8, 2021
2. Goals
• Review pigmentary differences in skin that
might indicate a genetic disorder
• Describe common skin findings that indicate a
need for a genetic evaluation
• Recognize the differences in age of onset,
family history, number of lesions, or other
unusual presentations that should alert the
primary care provider
3. Classification of skin findings
• Types of abnormalities
• Primary finding or secondary to the
disease process
• Age of onset
• Regional involvement
12. Presentations in Infancy
• Rhabdomyomas
– Sometime identified on prenatal ultrasound
– Can present as a neonatal arrhythmias although
this is rare
• Infantile spasm/hypsarrhythmia syndrome – a
severe hard to control type of seizures
13. TSC in childhood
• Intellectual disability occurs in around
50%
• Autism occurs in around 25%
• Around 90% have some
neuropsychiatric manifestation over
their lifetime
14. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Genetics
Gene Chromosomal
Locus
Protein Name % of Patients with
TSC
TSC1 9q34.13 Hamartin 24%
TSC2 16p13.3 Tuberin 66%
15. Spots
• White
– Ash leaf spots
– Punctate loss of pigmentation
• Brown
– Café au lait spots
– Nevi
– Brown patches
19. Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Diagnostic Criteria – 2 or more of the following
• Six or more café-au-lait macules over 5 mm in greatest
diameter in prepubertal individuals and over 15 mm in
greatest diameter in postpubertal individuals
• Two or more neurofibromas of any type or one plexiform
neurofibroma
• Freckling in the axillary or inguinal regions
• Optic glioma
• Two or more Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
• A distinctive osseous lesion such as sphenoid dysplasia or
tibial pseudarthrosis
• A first-degree relative (parent, sib, or offspring) with NF1 as
defined by the above criteria
20. Skin Manifestations
• Café au lait spots
– Usually present at birth
– Increase in number in the first couple of years
– Increase in size
– More than 6 are needed for diagnostic criteria
• Axillary and Inguinal Freckling
– Usually present by 10 years of age
• Subcutaneous neurofibromas
– Often not present in early childhood
– Proliferation can occur in puberty of in pregnancy
23. NF1 Other Findings
Neurological
• Intellectual disability
and/or autism in some
• Headaches
Ophthalmologic
• Optic Gliomas
• Lisch nodules
Skeletal
• Scoliosis
• Short stature
Other
• Plexiform
neurofibromas
• Macrocephaly
• High blood pressure
24. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Genetics
• The NF1 gene is large (~350 kilobases and 60
exons)
• More than 1000 different pathogenic variants
in NF1 have been identified – most unique to
a particular family
• Many different kinds of mutations have been
observed, so a multi-step mutation detection
protocol is used (>95% detection)
25. Patches or large spots
GeneReviews: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274564/
27. McCune-Albright Syndrome
• Giant café au lait spots with irregular borders
• Follow the lines of Blaschko (developmental
lines of embryonic cell migration)
• Fibrous dysplasia develops
• At risk for a whole host of endocrine
abnormalities, including precocious puberty,
testicular lesions, thyroid lesions, growth
hormone excess, and others
28. McCune–Albright Syndrome Genetics
• Involves an early embryonic postzygotic
somatic activating pathogenic variant in GNAS
• Genetic testing is done on a biopsy of affected
tissue, because the pathogenic variant is
found in ~80% in affected tissue, but only
~20%-30% in peripheral blood
29. Port Wine Stains
• Sturge Weber
– In the distribution of the
first division of the
trigeminal nerve
– May have a vascular
malformation of the
ipsilateral meninges,
cerebral cortex, and eye
– Seizures, mental
retardation, hemiplegia,
and glaucoma may develop
during the first several
years of life
– SOMATIC - not well
characterized
From Pediatric Dermatology, Bernard A. Cohen, Ed.
30. Port Wine Stains
• Klippel-Trenauney
– Port Wine stain or capillary malformation can
involve any part of the body
– Often unilateral
– Often accompanied by overgrowth of affected
side
– No genetic cause is known
32. Waardenburg Syndrome
• White forelock
• Patchy areas of
hypopigmentation
• Widely spaced eyes
• Different colored eyes
• Congenital hearing loss
From eScholarship Dermatology Online
37. Marfan Syndrome
Skeletal
• Tall stature with long bone
overgrowth
• Long narrow face
• High-arched palate
• Arachnodactyly
• Pectus deformities
• Joint hypermobility
• Scoliosis
Eye
• Subluxation of lenses
Cardiac
• Aortic root dilation and
dissection
• Mitral regurgitation
Skin
• Striae dystrophica
• Recurrent hernias
Pulmonary
• Spontaneous
pneumothoraces
38. Marfan Syndrome
• Due to a pathogenic variant in FBN1 (fibrillin
1)
• Related conditions due to pathogenic variants
in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2
39. Stretch Marks - Striae Atrophicae
• Can also be seen in other connective disorders such as
the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes
• Classical EDS also has hyperelastic skin and atrophic
scarring, which are more diagnostic features
• Classical EDS is caused by the collagen genes COL5A1/2
DermNet NZ
40. Yellow or Brownish Papules on the Neck
S Laube, and C Moss Arch Dis Child 2005;90:754-756
41. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)
• Connective tissue disorder that affects the elastic
tissue of the skin, the eye, and the cardiovascular
and gastrointestinal systems
• Skin findings can appear as early as 5 and can
mimic other causes
• Retinal findings between 10 and 30
• Can have other vascular involvement
– Gastrointestinal angina and/or bleeding
– Intermittent claudication of arm and leg muscles
– Stroke
– Renovascular hypertension
42. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)
• Autosomal recessive inheritance **
• Caused by pathogenic variants in the ABCC6
gene
• Important to diagnose so that monitoring for
the other complications can take place
44. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
(HHT)
• Previously known as Osler-Weber-Rendu
• Frequent nosebleeds is often the presenting
complaint – begin in childhood
• Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) can occur
throughout, but more commonly occur in the
lung, liver and brain
• Radiographic surveillance is important
46. Telangiectasias
Differential diagnosis for telangiectasias in childhood in the
absence of liver disease include ataxia-telangiectasia
• Progressive cerebellar ataxia beginning between age one
and four years
• Oculomotor apraxia
• Frequent infections
• Choreoathetosis
• Telangiectases of the conjunctivae
• Immunodeficiency
• Increased risk for malignancy, particularly leukemia and
lymphoma
• Autosomal recessive inheritance
48. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
• Characterized by the development of noncancerous
growths called hamartomatous polyps in the
gastrointestinal tract
• Children with P-J develop pigmented macules around
lips, inside the mouth, near the eyes and nostrils,
around the anus and sometimes on the hands and feet
• They appear during childhood and often fade as the
person gets older
• Highly increased risk of cancers of the gastrointestinal
tract, pancreas, cervix, ovary, and breast
52. Cowden and PTEN-Related Syndromes
Skin features
• Papillomatous papules around the face
elsewhere
• Tricholimmomas
• Melanocytic macules on the glans penis
53. Cowden and PTEN-Related Syndromes
Other features
• Associated with hamartomas as well as
various types of cancer
– Thyroid
– Breast
– Endometrial
• Macrocephaly
• Intellectual disability and autism spectrum