This document discusses common skin problems - prickly heat, wrinkles, and body odor. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, and treatments for each issue. Prickly heat, also known as miliaria or heat rash, is caused by blocked sweat ducts and is common in hot, humid conditions. Wrinkles are folds in the skin that develop due to aging and repeated damage to elastic fibers. Body odor occurs when bacteria on the skin break down sweat into acids, and can be influenced by factors like diet, health conditions, and bacterial activity. The document outlines treatments for each problem such as soothing creams, exfoliation, and changes to hygiene routines or diet.

1. SKIN PROBLEMS : PRICKLY
HEAT, WRINKLES & BODY ODOR
PRESENTED BY Aditya singh
M.PHARMA 1st
YEAR (2st
sem.)
BRANCH : PHARMACEUTICS
INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY

2. CONTENT
SKIN
PRICKLY HEAT
WRINKLES
BODY ODOR

3. SKIN
• Skin
• Largest organ ofthehuman body
• Covers surface areaapproximately 2 sq.m.
• Receives one third of blood circulation through the body
• Serves as a permeability barrier against transdermal absorption
Anatomy of skin-
The structure of human skin can be categorized into four main layers
 The epidermis
 The viable epidermis
 A non-viable epidermis (Stratum corneum
 The overlying dermis
 The innermost subcutaneous fat layer (Hypodermis)

6. PRICKLY HEAT OR MILIARIA
• It is also known as heat rash or sweat rash.
• It is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes due
to sweat trapped under the skin trapped under the skin
by clogged sweat gland ducts.
• Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid condition,
• It affects people of all ages, it is especially common in
children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat
glands.

7. TYPES
• MILIARIA CRYSTALLINE: The most superficial obstruction, instead
of a rash, the patient presents with multiple tiny blister-like lesions
that look like beads of perspiration and essentially cause no
symptoms.
• MILIARIA RUBRA: In this obstruction causes leakage of sweat in to
the deeper layer of epidermis, provoking a local inflammatory
reaction and giving rise to the typical appearance of redness and
large blister-like lesions.
• MILIARIA PROFUNDA: Sometimes referred to as “wildfire” due to
the rapid spread and serve burning sensation, generally occurs as
complication of repeates episodes of miliaria rubra.

8. • MILIARIA PUSTULOSA: Due to inflammation and bacterial
infection or blocking of the sweat duct.
• POSTMILIARIAL HYPOHIDROSIS: Occlusion of sweat
ducts and pores, and may be severe enough to impair and
individual’s ability to perform sustained work in a hot
environment.
• TROPICAL ANHIDROTIC ASTHENIA: A rare form of
miliaria with long lasting poral occlusion which produces
heat retention.
• OCCLUSION MILIARIA: Increased heat-stress.
• COLLOID MILIUM: Is a skin condition characterized by a
translucent, flesh-colored, or slightly yellow 1 to 5mm
papule.

9. pathophysiology
• Miliaria occurs when the sweat gland ducts get
clogged due to dead skin cells or bacteria such
as staphylococcus epidermidis, a common
bacterium that occurs on the skin which is also
associated with acne

10. Signs & symptoms
• Papules
• Hair follicles
• shingles

11. prevention
• Induce sweating
• Wearing light clothing
• Avoiding hot & humid weather
• Cool bath
• Mild soap
• Live in cool weather

12. Treatment
• Using soothing ointment such as calamine lotion
• Talcum powder
• Antibacterial soaps
• Camphor-based preparation
• Vitamin A and C

13. WRINKLES
• Also known as rhytide.
• Fold, ridge or crease in the skin.
• Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of
aging processes such as glycation.

14. causes
• Incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibres
and collagen fibres.
• Repeated injuries of extracellular fibres in
derma.
• Skin looser and stiffer.

15. • Sleep wrinkles: are created and reinforced when the
face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in
side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.
• Water immersion wrinkling: The wrinkles that occur in
skin after prolonged exposure to water are sometimes
referred to as pruney fingers or water aging.

16. Treatment
• Reti-A
• Glycosaminoglycans supplements
• Hyaluronic acid and calcium
hydroxylapatite
• Laser : ablative and nonablative

17. Body odor
• Unpleasant odor among many human cultures.
• Body odour present in humans and animals.
• Intensity influenced by many factors like behavioral
patterns, survival strategies and various diseases.
• Body odor is the perceived unpleasant smell of bodies
can give off when bacteria that live on the skin break
down sweat into acid.

18. Body odor occur in following places
• Feet
• Groin
• Armpit
• Genitals
• Pubic hair
• Belly button
• Anus
• Behind ears

19. Causes
• Diet
• Gender
• Health
• Medication
• Bacterial activity
• genetic

20. Medical condition
Bromhidrosis
trimethylaminuria
hyperhidrosis

21. Treatment
• Use antiperspirant
• Keep underarms dry
• Use solution of hydrogen peroxide and water
• Change diet
• Shaving underarms
• Avoid spicy foods
• Aluminum chloride
• Surgery