The document discusses dandruff, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Some of the key points covered include: 1) Seborrheic dermatitis, an irritated and oily scalp condition, is a common cause of dandruff that results in flaky white or yellow scales. 2) Other potential causes include dry skin, infrequent shampooing, skin conditions like psoriasis, a yeast-like fungus called malassezia, and sensitivity to hair products. 3) Treatment options discussed are using specialized dandruff shampoos containing antifungals like ketoconazole and zinc pyrithione, following a healthy diet

1. DANDRUFF
PREPAREDBY : DINA SALEEM
HAJJAJ

2. DanDruff
Dandruff is a harmless, chronic condition
that occurs when the scalp becomes dry
or greasy and produces white flakes of
dead skin that appear in the hair or on the
shoulders.
Although it is harmless, dandruff can be
embarrassing for those who have it.

3. DanDruff
Skin cells are formed continuously on the
scalp, so the shedding of dead skin cells is
a normal process. With dandruff, however,
skin cells are shed at a faster rate than
normal. Oil from the scalp causes the skin
cells to clump together and appear as
white flakes.

4. What Causes Dandruff ?!
 Dandruff can be caused by a numberof things, including :
1-Dry skin is the most common cause of dandruff. Flake s
from dry skin are generally smaller and less oily than those
from other causes of dandruff, and you'll likely have
symptoms and signs of dry skin on other parts of the body,
such as your legs and arms.
2- Irritated, oily skin (seborrheic
dermatitis). This condition,, is marked by red,
greasy skin covered with flaky white or
yellow scales.

5. What Causes Dandruff ?!
3- Not shampooing often enough. If you don't regularly wash your hair,
oils and skin cells from your scalpcan build up, causing dandruff.

6. What Causes Dandruff ?!
4 - Other skin conditions People with
skin conditions such as
 eczema — a chronic, inflammatory skin
condition
psoriasis — a skin condition marked by
a rapid buildup of rough, dry, dead skin
cells that form thick scales — may
appear to have dandruff.
The flakes associated with psoriasis look
like silverscales, which may also
commonly be apparent on the e ars,
e xtre m itie s, trunk, palm s, and so le s

7. DanDruff
seborrheic dermatitis is cause of dandruff, the
symptoms usually appeargradually. The scalp becomes
dry or greasy and feels itchy. As skin cells die, they turn
to ye llo wish scale s. A bad case of seborrheic dermatitis
can also cause symptoms in other parts of the body.
Yellowish or reddish scaling can appear on the hairline, in
and around the e ars, or on the no se and che st. Affected
newborn babies may get a thick and crusty rash on the
scalp, called cradle cap.

8. DanDruff
5- A yeast-like fungus (malassezia).
Malassezia lives on the scalps of most adults, but for some, it
irritates the scalp. This can irritate your scalp and cause more skin
cells to grow. The extra skin cells die and fall off, making them
appear white and flaky in your hair or on your clothes. Why
malassezia irritates some scalps isn't known.
6- Sensitivity to hair care products (contact
dermatitis). Sometimes sensitivities to certain ingredients in
hair care products or hair dyes, especially paraphenylenediamine,
can cause a red, itchy, scaly scalp. Shampooing too often or using too
many styling products also may irritate your scalp, causing dandruff

9. Treatment
1- Follow a Healthy Diet
 It is vital to nourish your body with nutritious food
to maintain good health of your organs and body
parts, including hair. Nourish your hair with foods
laden with good omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins
and zinc. The dietary sources for these essential
vitamins and minerals are salm o n fish, bro cco li,
walnuts, spinach, e g g s, cabbag e , who le g rain
ce re al, dairy pro ducts, nuts and re d m e at to name
a few.

10. Treatment
2-Avoid Stress
Stress is known to be the major cause of
dandruff. Moreover it also we ake ns yo ur
im m une syste m and cause s vario us skin
dise ase s. Indulge in stress management
techniques like yoga, breathing exercises
and meditation to keep your stress away.
Try to be tension free and happy.

11. Treatment
3- Shampoos use a combination of
special ingredients to control
dandruff.

12. Antifungals
 A number of antifungal treatments have been
found to be effective including: ketoconazole,
zinc pyrithione and selenium disulfide.
Ketoconazole as a shampoo appears to be
the most effectivly
 Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum,
antimycotic agent that is active against both
Candida and M. furfur. Of all the imidazoles,
ketoconazole has become the leading
contender among treatment options because
of its effectiveness in treating seborrheic
dermatitis as well.
 Ciclopirox is widely used as an anti-dandruff
agent in most preparations.

13. •Coal tar
Coal tarcauses the skin to shed dead cells from the top
layer and slows skin cell growth.
•Egg oil
In traditional Indian and Chinese medicine egg oil
was used as a treatment for dandruff,
but there is no evidence to indicate that it works

14. home remedies

15. home remedies
•Aspirin:1- By taking two tablets of aspirin,
2-crush theminto a fine powder
3 - add it to the amount of shampoo that you would use to wash your
hair
4-Once it's in lather, let it remain in the hairforone to two minutes and
then rinse.
5- wash the hairagain with normal shampoo in orderto eliminate any
powderthat may remain.
This is because aspirin contains salicylates, which is the active
ingredient in dandruff shampoos that contain salicylic acid.

16. home remedies
• Natural oils:, such as coconut oil, almond oil or olive oil, can be
used to keep the scalp moisturized and prevent dandruff.
1-warm up some oil in a bowl and apply with a scalp massage,
2- ensuring that the entire scalp is covered.
3-Wrap the hair and scalp in a towel and leave the oil on overnight.
Then rinse the hair in the morning.
•Vinegar :. It can be used to keep your scalp from becoming flaky. After
regular shampooing,
1- mix two cups of apple cider vinegar with two cups of cold water and use to
rinse the shampoo from your hair
•Baking soda: Replace your shampoo with baking soda for a few weeks
; vigorously rub a handful of baking soda into the scalp and rinse thoroughly.
Repeat as you would in your regular schedule of washing your hair.

17. home remedies