This document discusses different types of breakwaters. Breakwaters are structures built along coasts to protect areas from wave disturbance. There are three main categories: rubble mound breakwaters, vertical-wall breakwaters, and floating breakwaters. Rubble mound breakwaters are constructed from natural rubble or stone and are the most widely used in Indian ports due to their cost-effectiveness. Vertical-wall breakwaters use concrete blocks or mass concrete and reflect waves without dissipating much energy. Floating breakwaters are removable structures constructed from caissons or pontoons that can be sunk or floated as needed.

1. BREAKWATERS
BY,
SUMAN KUMAR
M-TECH OENA
14NA60R01

2. What is Breakwater?
• A structure protecting a shore area, harbor, anchorage or basin from
wave disturbance.
• A barrier that breaks the force of waves, as before a harbor.
• Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal
defense or to protect an anchorage from the effects of
both weather and long shore drift.

3. What’s the Need of Breakwater?
• To provide shelter from waves.
• Through this shelter, to manipulate the littoral/sand transport
conditions and thereby to trap some sand entrance inside the
Anchorage Area.

4. Breakwaters:
Three major categories according to the functional
requirements:
A) Rubble Mound Breakwaters
B) Vertical-wall breakwaters
C) Floating breakwaters

5. RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATER
• A breakwater constructed by a heterogeneous assemblage of natural
rubble or undressed stone.
• When water depths are large RBW may be uneconomical in view of
huge volume of rocks required.
• Built upto water depth of 50m.
• Not suitable when space is a problem. If the harbor side may have to
be used for berthing of ships, the RBW with its sloping faces is not
suitable for berthing.
• These type of breakwaters dissipate the incident wave energy by
forcing them to break on a slope and thus do not produce appreciable
reflection.

6. STRUCTURAL COMPONENT
1) Constructed by natural rubble or undressed stones.
2) Comparatively safe.
3) Has a broad base which helps in distributing the load on a wider area.
4) Consists of central portion called core, protective cover called Armour
layer and in between is the under layer.

8. ADVANTAGES OF RMBW
• Use of natural material
• Reduces material cost
• Use of small construction equipment
• Less environmental impact
• Most widely used in Indian ports
• Easy to construct
• Failure is mainly due to poor interlocking capacity between
individual blocks
• Unavailability of large size natural rocks leads to artificial armour
blocks .

9. VERTICAL BREAKWATER
• A breakwater formed by the construction in a regular and
systematic manner of a vertical wall of masonry concrete blocks or
mass concrete, with vertical and seaward face.
• Reflect the incident waves without dissipating much wave energy.
• Normally it is constructed in locations where the depth of the sea is
greater than twice the design wave height.

10. Preferred to RMBW for following reasons:
• saving in material due to smaller body width.
• Rapidity in construction.
• Non availability of large quantities of stones.
• Occupies less space.

11. DEFINITION SKETCH

12. Disadvantages of vertical wall break water
• Sea bottom has to be leveled and prepared for placements of large
blocks or caissons.
• Foundations made of fine sand may cause erosion and settlement.
• Erosion may cause tilting or displacement of large monoliths.
• Difficult and expensive to repair.
• Building of caissons and launching or towing them into position require
special land and water areas beside involvement of heavy construction
equipments.
• Require form work, quality concrete, skilled labour, batching plants and
floating crafts.

13. FLOATING BREAKWATER
• A removable breakwater constructed by caissons or
pontoons with valves for trimming whilst afloat and
for sinking when is position and pump connections for
refloating, moored to the sea bed.
• inexpensive, easily moved from site to site, often very
quickly fabricated.
• ineffective to long waves, must be anchored.

14. TYPICAL FLOATING BREAKWATERS

15. THANK YOU