Sinusoidalcurrent
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Sinusoidal current is evenly alternating sine wave currents having a frequency of 50hZ. It gives 100 pulses or phases in one second of 10 ms each, 50 in on direction and 50 in the other. It can be generated by reducing the voltage in 60 or 80 volts with the step down transformer. It is alternative current of low frequency current.
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Diadynamic current
Diadynamic currents are also called Bernard's currents based on a sine wave with a frequency of 50Hz. Due to the ease of generation of this current shape, they have been known almost from the beginning of electrotherapy, and their influence on the human body has been thoroughly studied.
high voltage pulsating current
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. It delivers a monophasic twin peak waveform with a high voltage up to 500 volts and short pulse duration to stimulate nerves and tissues. HVPGS can be used to promote wound healing, reduce edema, manage pain, and stimulate muscle. It provides physiological effects like increasing range of motion and blood flow. Treatment duration is typically 15-30 minutes per session and can be repeated daily.
Sinusoidal current 2
Sinusoidal current is an alternating current that produces smooth, rhythmic muscle contractions at 50 Hz. It is produced from mains electricity reduced to 60-80 volts using a step-down transformer. This current stimulates both motor and sensory nerves, causing tetanic muscle contraction and tingling sensation. It is often used over large areas to relieve pain through sensory stimulation and reduce edema through rhythmic muscle pumping. Sinusoidal current is similar to faradic current but provides deeper penetration and is less irritating, making it well-suited for nervous clients.
Interrupted Direct Current
Interrupted direct current (IDC) involves delivering unidirectional current pulses separated by intervals of no current. The pulses can have different durations, frequencies, rise/fall times, and waveforms (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, sawtooth). IDC is used therapeutically for sensory stimulation, pain relief, accelerating healing, and muscle stimulation. It works on nerves and muscles depending on pulse duration and intensity. Techniques like labile and group stimulation are used to target all muscle fibers. IDC has physiological effects like hyperaemia and contraindications like metal implants or risk of injury.
Constant galvanic current
1) Galvanic current is a steady direct current that can have pulse durations between 1-300 ms, though 100 ms is most common, and requires 30 pulses per minute.
2) There are two types - constant galvanic current which moves in one direction at a constant strength, and modified galvanic current which is interrupted direct current.
3) Galvanic current can cause muscle contraction, stimulate sensory and motor nerves, and increase blood flow and skin redness. It is also used in cosmetics for skin cleansing and nourishing through iontophoresis.
Rebox current
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that are produced by rectifying alternating current into monophasic pulses. There are two main types - half wave rectification produces pulses with a duration equal to the interpulse interval at the original frequency, while full wave rectification produces continuous pulses at twice the original frequency. The pulses from diadynamic currents have a duration of 10ms, causing sensations from vibration to pain depending on intensity. Different current types like MF, DF, CP and LP are used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, and preventing accommodation effects. Precautions must be taken due to the electrochemical changes and potential skin damage from the currents.
Russian current
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
Recommended
Diadynamic current
Diadynamic currents are also called Bernard's currents based on a sine wave with a frequency of 50Hz. Due to the ease of generation of this current shape, they have been known almost from the beginning of electrotherapy, and their influence on the human body has been thoroughly studied.
high voltage pulsating current
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. It delivers a monophasic twin peak waveform with a high voltage up to 500 volts and short pulse duration to stimulate nerves and tissues. HVPGS can be used to promote wound healing, reduce edema, manage pain, and stimulate muscle. It provides physiological effects like increasing range of motion and blood flow. Treatment duration is typically 15-30 minutes per session and can be repeated daily.
Sinusoidal current 2
Sinusoidal current is an alternating current that produces smooth, rhythmic muscle contractions at 50 Hz. It is produced from mains electricity reduced to 60-80 volts using a step-down transformer. This current stimulates both motor and sensory nerves, causing tetanic muscle contraction and tingling sensation. It is often used over large areas to relieve pain through sensory stimulation and reduce edema through rhythmic muscle pumping. Sinusoidal current is similar to faradic current but provides deeper penetration and is less irritating, making it well-suited for nervous clients.
Interrupted Direct Current
Interrupted direct current (IDC) involves delivering unidirectional current pulses separated by intervals of no current. The pulses can have different durations, frequencies, rise/fall times, and waveforms (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, sawtooth). IDC is used therapeutically for sensory stimulation, pain relief, accelerating healing, and muscle stimulation. It works on nerves and muscles depending on pulse duration and intensity. Techniques like labile and group stimulation are used to target all muscle fibers. IDC has physiological effects like hyperaemia and contraindications like metal implants or risk of injury.
Constant galvanic current
1) Galvanic current is a steady direct current that can have pulse durations between 1-300 ms, though 100 ms is most common, and requires 30 pulses per minute.
2) There are two types - constant galvanic current which moves in one direction at a constant strength, and modified galvanic current which is interrupted direct current.
3) Galvanic current can cause muscle contraction, stimulate sensory and motor nerves, and increase blood flow and skin redness. It is also used in cosmetics for skin cleansing and nourishing through iontophoresis.
Rebox current
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that are produced by rectifying alternating current into monophasic pulses. There are two main types - half wave rectification produces pulses with a duration equal to the interpulse interval at the original frequency, while full wave rectification produces continuous pulses at twice the original frequency. The pulses from diadynamic currents have a duration of 10ms, causing sensations from vibration to pain depending on intensity. Different current types like MF, DF, CP and LP are used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, and preventing accommodation effects. Precautions must be taken due to the electrochemical changes and potential skin damage from the currents.
Russian current
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
Interferential therapy
IFT which stands for Interferential Therapy is one of the types of electrotherapy used for the management of pain. The principle of interferential therapy is to cause two medium frequency currents of slightly different frequencies to interfere with one another. For example, if circuit A carries a current with the frequency of 4000Hz and Circuit B carry a current with a frequency of 3980 Hz, then the low frequency produced will be 20 Hz and this frequency is very useful in pain modulation. A new low-frequency current known as the beat frequency is equal to the difference in frequencies between the two medium frequency currents produced in the tissues at the point where the two currents cross.
It is basically used for the treatment of Chronic, Post Traumatic, and Post-surgical pains. The basic principle involves the utilization of effects of low frequencies (<250pps) without painful or unpleasant side effects. The major advantage of IFT is that it produces effects in the tissue, exactly where required without unnecessary and uncomfortable skin stimulation. This technique is widely used to elicit muscle contraction, promote healing and reduce edema.
Vector effect: The interference field is rotated to an angle of 450 in each direction, the field thus covers a wider area. This is useful in diffuse pathology or if the site of the lesion cannot be accurately localized.
Frequency swing: Some equipment allows a variation in the speed of the frequency swing. A rhythmic mode may be a continuous swing from 0 to 100 Hz in 5-10s and back in similar time or it may hold for 1-6s at one frequency followed by 1-6s at another frequency with a variable time to swing between the two.
Constant frequency: Some treatments may be carried out with the interference fixed at a certain frequency. Rhythmic frequency is useful if several types of tissues are to be treated at once. A variation in the frequency also overcomes the problem of tissue accommodation where the response of a particular tissue decreases with time.
WORKING PRINCIPLE: Interferential current therapy works by sending small amounts of electrical stimulation to damaged tissues in the body. The therapy is meant to boost the body's natural process of responding to pain, by increasing circulation thus produces hormones that promote healing. IFT delivers intermittent pulses to stimulate surface nerves and block the pain signal, by delivering continuous deep stimulation into the affected tissue. IFT relieves pain, increases circulation, decreases edema, and stimulates the muscles. A frequency of 100Hz may stimulate the large diameter A-beta fibers, which have an effect on the pain gate, and inhibit the transmission of small-diameter nociceptive traffic ( C and A-delta fiber), which effectively closes the gait to painful impulses. Interferential current Increases the circulation of blood thus reduces swelling.
High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular stimulator that uses high voltage, low amperage, short pulses to penetrate deep tissues. HVPGS can produce muscle contractions and chemical changes, and is used for analgesia, wound healing, and other clinical applications. It allows for deep penetration without risk of tissue damage. Physiological effects include increased range of motion, edema reduction, and accelerated wound healing. Common indications are adhesive capsulitis, bursitis, cervical sprain, and post-operative conditions. Treatment involves 30-40 minute sessions 3 times per day.
Modified galvanic current
Modified galvanic current, or interrupted direct current, is a type of electrical stimulation where a direct current is pulsed on and off at regular intervals. The document discusses how this current is produced using a source, transistors, and a timer circuit. It describes the physiological effects of interrupted direct current such as sensory stimulation, hyperemia, electrotonus, pain relief, and accelerated healing. The document also provides guidelines for administering interrupted direct current and lists contraindications.
Interferential therapy
this ppt is about the physiotherapy management for pain
interferential therapy used to treat knee pain, low back ache ,
oedema, muscle spasm
Introduction to Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that were developed in the 1960s. They involve half or full wave rectified alternating currents with pulse durations of 10 milliseconds. There are different types of diadynamic currents based on whether they use half wave or full wave rectification and the patterns of current application. They can help relieve pain through various mechanisms and are used to treat conditions like soft tissue injuries, neuralgias, and circulatory disorders. Proper dosing and electrode placement are important to obtain benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
Fluidotherapy
This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) SRS
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a method of electrical stimulation that aims to provide pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and stimulating the pain gate mechanism and/or opioid system. TENS works through several mechanisms including activation of pain-gating mechanisms in the spinal cord and stimulation of the descending pain suppression system and endogenous opioid release. Different TENS waveforms, frequencies, pulse widths and intensities can be used depending on the type of pain and desired effects. Common types of TENS include conventional high frequency TENS and acupuncture-like low frequency TENS. Care must be taken with electrode placement and TENS is generally contraindicated for those with pacemakers or heart conditions.
Faradic current
Definition, surging, physiological & therapeutic effects,indications & contraindications, techniques of application
Interrupted direct current
This document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), which describes continuous unidirectional current that is interrupted to create pulses of varying duration, shape, or frequency. There are two main types of IDC pulses: rectangular wave pulses and accommodation pulses. Rectangular pulses have sudden rises and falls, while accommodation pulses gradually rise and fall in shapes like triangular, trapezoid, or sawtooth. IDC can stimulate nerves and muscles. Short pulses preferentially stimulate nerves, while longer pulses are needed to stimulate muscles at tolerable intensities. The document discusses electrotonus effects from IDC and considerations for selecting appropriate pulse durations and intensities. It concludes with indications for using electrical stimulation to produce muscle contraction without excessive fatigue.
Russian currents
Russian current is a form of electrical stimulation using alternating current delivered in 2.5kHz bursts with a 50Hz burst frequency and 50% duty cycle. It was developed by Russian scientist Kots who found it improved strength in athletes. As a result, this stimulation pattern became known as Russian current. It is used clinically to contract and strengthen muscles, typically with 10 seconds on, 50 seconds off bursts to avoid fatigue. The main effects are increased muscle force through central nervous system adaptation and physical muscle growth.
PEME
This document discusses pulsed electromagnetic energy (PEME) therapy. PEME uses non-thermal pulses of electromagnetic energy to stimulate tissues for therapeutic purposes. It can increase ATP production, alter cell membranes, decrease inflammation, and increase healing. PEME is used to treat neurological conditions like radiculopathies and neuropathies, musculoskeletal issues like fractures and strains, psychological disorders, and general wounds and sores. Contraindications include pregnancy, menstruation, metal implants and recent radiation therapy.
FARADIC CURRENT.pptx
A faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 50-100 Hz. It produces a biphasic, asymmetrical and spiked waveform. Faradic currents are used to produce near normal tetanic-like muscle contractions and relaxations. When applied to nerves and muscles, it causes sensory stimulation, muscle contraction, reduced swelling and pain, and increased metabolism. Faradic current is indicated for muscle reeducation, maintaining range of motion, loosening adhesions, and replacing orthosis. It involves placing electrodes on muscles or nerve trunks and gradually increasing and decreasing intensity to cause contraction and relaxation.
Galvanic current
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY
Interferential therapy is a form of electrical stimulation that uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency beating effect deeper in the tissues. It can provide analgesic, anti-inflammatory and muscle stimulation effects. IFT is applied using electrode pads or probes placed on the skin over the treatment area. Parameters like frequency, intensity, and application time can be modified based on the condition being treated. Common indications include pain, muscle spasm, edema, and post-surgical issues. Proper application and monitoring of settings is needed to provide benefit safely.
Iontophoresis
Dr. Shweta Panchbudhe provides a lesson on iontophoresis. The key points are:
1. Iontophoresis is the transfer of ions through the skin using direct current. Positively charged ions migrate to the negative electrode and vice versa.
2. Different ions can be used to treat various conditions like salicylate for pain, chlorine for softening scars, and acetic acid for calcium deposits.
3. Proper application involves cleaning the skin, placing moistened electrodes on the treatment area and indifferent site, and applying a mild current for 15 minutes.
Low, Medium and High Frequency Current
It is a direct current named after inventor Dr.L. Galvani. 2. Its direction of polarity is constant and passing continuously in one direction only, so termed as constant direct current. 3. Because of its unidirectional property, when applied to a muscle tend to contract and remain in that position till it is brought to zero, which seems to be very painful. GALVANIC CURRENT
Physiological and therapeutic uses of low frequency(F/G) currents
This document provides a history of electrical stimulation and its applications from 420 BC to modern times. It discusses types of electrical stimulators, how stimulation works at the cellular and tissue levels, and applications such as muscle contraction, tissue regeneration, pain management, and more. The basic model of electrotherapy is described involving generator, electrodes, and tissue. Parameters for different treatment applications are outlined including muscle re-education, strengthening, range of motion, and denervated muscle stimulation. Safety considerations and contraindications are also covered.
High Voltage Pulse Stimulation
HVPC delivers high voltage pulses for electrical stimulation therapy. It uses short duration pulses between 150-500 volts to selectively stimulate motor and sensory nerves. Typical treatments are 15-30 minutes using monopolar or bipolar electrode configurations to induce muscle contraction or reduce pain and edema. HVPC has various therapeutic applications like wound healing, muscle stimulation, edema reduction, and pain modulation.
Frenkel’s exercises.pptx
Frenkel exercises were developed in 1889 to treat tabes dorsalis, a disease causing loss of proprioception. Dr. Frenkel derived a method using systematic, graduated exercises to facilitate restoration of smooth, coordinated movements in patients with sensory ataxia. The exercises aim to establish voluntary movement control using any intact sensory mechanisms like sight, sound, and touch to compensate for lost kinesthetic sensation. Exercises progress from simple to complex motions in lying, sitting, and standing positions to improve coordination, balance, and gait.
Galvanic-Current.pptx
Galvanic current is a low frequency, interrupted direct current with pulse durations over 1ms up to 300ms and frequencies under 50Hz. It was discovered in the 1780s by Luigi Galvani and can cause contraction of denervated muscles through sluggish contractions, stimulation of sensory nerves resulting in pain sensations, and stimulation of motor nerves at high intensities. Therapeutically, galvanic current is used to retard muscle atrophy and substitute for normal muscle contraction in denervated muscles by slowing structural and functional changes like loss of activity and fibrosis through electrical stimulation. It can also be used facially to reduce dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity and oxygen supply.
1st lecture.pdf
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1st lecture.pptx sinusoidal 2.pptx
Sinusoidal current is an alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz that is produced from stepping down mains voltage to between 60-80V. It causes smooth, rhythmic muscle contractions when applied and stimulates both motor and sensory nerves. Some key effects are pain relief through TENS-like mechanisms, reduction of edema through rhythmic muscle pumping, and increased blood flow and metabolism. It can be applied over large areas via electrodes due to strong sensory stimulation and is used to soothe nerves, relax muscles, and control pain or edema, though it is now rarely used in modern physiotherapy.
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What's hot
Interferential therapy
IFT which stands for Interferential Therapy is one of the types of electrotherapy used for the management of pain. The principle of interferential therapy is to cause two medium frequency currents of slightly different frequencies to interfere with one another. For example, if circuit A carries a current with the frequency of 4000Hz and Circuit B carry a current with a frequency of 3980 Hz, then the low frequency produced will be 20 Hz and this frequency is very useful in pain modulation. A new low-frequency current known as the beat frequency is equal to the difference in frequencies between the two medium frequency currents produced in the tissues at the point where the two currents cross.
It is basically used for the treatment of Chronic, Post Traumatic, and Post-surgical pains. The basic principle involves the utilization of effects of low frequencies (<250pps) without painful or unpleasant side effects. The major advantage of IFT is that it produces effects in the tissue, exactly where required without unnecessary and uncomfortable skin stimulation. This technique is widely used to elicit muscle contraction, promote healing and reduce edema.
Vector effect: The interference field is rotated to an angle of 450 in each direction, the field thus covers a wider area. This is useful in diffuse pathology or if the site of the lesion cannot be accurately localized.
Frequency swing: Some equipment allows a variation in the speed of the frequency swing. A rhythmic mode may be a continuous swing from 0 to 100 Hz in 5-10s and back in similar time or it may hold for 1-6s at one frequency followed by 1-6s at another frequency with a variable time to swing between the two.
Constant frequency: Some treatments may be carried out with the interference fixed at a certain frequency. Rhythmic frequency is useful if several types of tissues are to be treated at once. A variation in the frequency also overcomes the problem of tissue accommodation where the response of a particular tissue decreases with time.
WORKING PRINCIPLE: Interferential current therapy works by sending small amounts of electrical stimulation to damaged tissues in the body. The therapy is meant to boost the body's natural process of responding to pain, by increasing circulation thus produces hormones that promote healing. IFT delivers intermittent pulses to stimulate surface nerves and block the pain signal, by delivering continuous deep stimulation into the affected tissue. IFT relieves pain, increases circulation, decreases edema, and stimulates the muscles. A frequency of 100Hz may stimulate the large diameter A-beta fibers, which have an effect on the pain gate, and inhibit the transmission of small-diameter nociceptive traffic ( C and A-delta fiber), which effectively closes the gait to painful impulses. Interferential current Increases the circulation of blood thus reduces swelling.
High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular stimulator that uses high voltage, low amperage, short pulses to penetrate deep tissues. HVPGS can produce muscle contractions and chemical changes, and is used for analgesia, wound healing, and other clinical applications. It allows for deep penetration without risk of tissue damage. Physiological effects include increased range of motion, edema reduction, and accelerated wound healing. Common indications are adhesive capsulitis, bursitis, cervical sprain, and post-operative conditions. Treatment involves 30-40 minute sessions 3 times per day.
Modified galvanic current
Modified galvanic current, or interrupted direct current, is a type of electrical stimulation where a direct current is pulsed on and off at regular intervals. The document discusses how this current is produced using a source, transistors, and a timer circuit. It describes the physiological effects of interrupted direct current such as sensory stimulation, hyperemia, electrotonus, pain relief, and accelerated healing. The document also provides guidelines for administering interrupted direct current and lists contraindications.
Interferential therapy
this ppt is about the physiotherapy management for pain
interferential therapy used to treat knee pain, low back ache ,
oedema, muscle spasm
Introduction to Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that were developed in the 1960s. They involve half or full wave rectified alternating currents with pulse durations of 10 milliseconds. There are different types of diadynamic currents based on whether they use half wave or full wave rectification and the patterns of current application. They can help relieve pain through various mechanisms and are used to treat conditions like soft tissue injuries, neuralgias, and circulatory disorders. Proper dosing and electrode placement are important to obtain benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
Fluidotherapy
This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) SRS
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a method of electrical stimulation that aims to provide pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and stimulating the pain gate mechanism and/or opioid system. TENS works through several mechanisms including activation of pain-gating mechanisms in the spinal cord and stimulation of the descending pain suppression system and endogenous opioid release. Different TENS waveforms, frequencies, pulse widths and intensities can be used depending on the type of pain and desired effects. Common types of TENS include conventional high frequency TENS and acupuncture-like low frequency TENS. Care must be taken with electrode placement and TENS is generally contraindicated for those with pacemakers or heart conditions.
Faradic current
Definition, surging, physiological & therapeutic effects,indications & contraindications, techniques of application
Interrupted direct current
This document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), which describes continuous unidirectional current that is interrupted to create pulses of varying duration, shape, or frequency. There are two main types of IDC pulses: rectangular wave pulses and accommodation pulses. Rectangular pulses have sudden rises and falls, while accommodation pulses gradually rise and fall in shapes like triangular, trapezoid, or sawtooth. IDC can stimulate nerves and muscles. Short pulses preferentially stimulate nerves, while longer pulses are needed to stimulate muscles at tolerable intensities. The document discusses electrotonus effects from IDC and considerations for selecting appropriate pulse durations and intensities. It concludes with indications for using electrical stimulation to produce muscle contraction without excessive fatigue.
Russian currents
Russian current is a form of electrical stimulation using alternating current delivered in 2.5kHz bursts with a 50Hz burst frequency and 50% duty cycle. It was developed by Russian scientist Kots who found it improved strength in athletes. As a result, this stimulation pattern became known as Russian current. It is used clinically to contract and strengthen muscles, typically with 10 seconds on, 50 seconds off bursts to avoid fatigue. The main effects are increased muscle force through central nervous system adaptation and physical muscle growth.
PEME
This document discusses pulsed electromagnetic energy (PEME) therapy. PEME uses non-thermal pulses of electromagnetic energy to stimulate tissues for therapeutic purposes. It can increase ATP production, alter cell membranes, decrease inflammation, and increase healing. PEME is used to treat neurological conditions like radiculopathies and neuropathies, musculoskeletal issues like fractures and strains, psychological disorders, and general wounds and sores. Contraindications include pregnancy, menstruation, metal implants and recent radiation therapy.
FARADIC CURRENT.pptx
A faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 50-100 Hz. It produces a biphasic, asymmetrical and spiked waveform. Faradic currents are used to produce near normal tetanic-like muscle contractions and relaxations. When applied to nerves and muscles, it causes sensory stimulation, muscle contraction, reduced swelling and pain, and increased metabolism. Faradic current is indicated for muscle reeducation, maintaining range of motion, loosening adhesions, and replacing orthosis. It involves placing electrodes on muscles or nerve trunks and gradually increasing and decreasing intensity to cause contraction and relaxation.
Galvanic current
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY
Interferential therapy is a form of electrical stimulation that uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency beating effect deeper in the tissues. It can provide analgesic, anti-inflammatory and muscle stimulation effects. IFT is applied using electrode pads or probes placed on the skin over the treatment area. Parameters like frequency, intensity, and application time can be modified based on the condition being treated. Common indications include pain, muscle spasm, edema, and post-surgical issues. Proper application and monitoring of settings is needed to provide benefit safely.
Iontophoresis
Dr. Shweta Panchbudhe provides a lesson on iontophoresis. The key points are:
1. Iontophoresis is the transfer of ions through the skin using direct current. Positively charged ions migrate to the negative electrode and vice versa.
2. Different ions can be used to treat various conditions like salicylate for pain, chlorine for softening scars, and acetic acid for calcium deposits.
3. Proper application involves cleaning the skin, placing moistened electrodes on the treatment area and indifferent site, and applying a mild current for 15 minutes.
Low, Medium and High Frequency Current
It is a direct current named after inventor Dr.L. Galvani. 2. Its direction of polarity is constant and passing continuously in one direction only, so termed as constant direct current. 3. Because of its unidirectional property, when applied to a muscle tend to contract and remain in that position till it is brought to zero, which seems to be very painful. GALVANIC CURRENT
Physiological and therapeutic uses of low frequency(F/G) currents
This document provides a history of electrical stimulation and its applications from 420 BC to modern times. It discusses types of electrical stimulators, how stimulation works at the cellular and tissue levels, and applications such as muscle contraction, tissue regeneration, pain management, and more. The basic model of electrotherapy is described involving generator, electrodes, and tissue. Parameters for different treatment applications are outlined including muscle re-education, strengthening, range of motion, and denervated muscle stimulation. Safety considerations and contraindications are also covered.
High Voltage Pulse Stimulation
HVPC delivers high voltage pulses for electrical stimulation therapy. It uses short duration pulses between 150-500 volts to selectively stimulate motor and sensory nerves. Typical treatments are 15-30 minutes using monopolar or bipolar electrode configurations to induce muscle contraction or reduce pain and edema. HVPC has various therapeutic applications like wound healing, muscle stimulation, edema reduction, and pain modulation.
Frenkel’s exercises.pptx
Frenkel exercises were developed in 1889 to treat tabes dorsalis, a disease causing loss of proprioception. Dr. Frenkel derived a method using systematic, graduated exercises to facilitate restoration of smooth, coordinated movements in patients with sensory ataxia. The exercises aim to establish voluntary movement control using any intact sensory mechanisms like sight, sound, and touch to compensate for lost kinesthetic sensation. Exercises progress from simple to complex motions in lying, sitting, and standing positions to improve coordination, balance, and gait.
Galvanic-Current.pptx
Galvanic current is a low frequency, interrupted direct current with pulse durations over 1ms up to 300ms and frequencies under 50Hz. It was discovered in the 1780s by Luigi Galvani and can cause contraction of denervated muscles through sluggish contractions, stimulation of sensory nerves resulting in pain sensations, and stimulation of motor nerves at high intensities. Therapeutically, galvanic current is used to retard muscle atrophy and substitute for normal muscle contraction in denervated muscles by slowing structural and functional changes like loss of activity and fibrosis through electrical stimulation. It can also be used facially to reduce dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity and oxygen supply.
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) SRS
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) SRS
Physiological and therapeutic uses of low frequency(F/G) currents
Physiological and therapeutic uses of low frequency(F/G) currents
Similar to Sinusoidalcurrent
1st lecture.pdf
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1st lecture.pptx sinusoidal 2.pptx
Sinusoidal current is an alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz that is produced from stepping down mains voltage to between 60-80V. It causes smooth, rhythmic muscle contractions when applied and stimulates both motor and sensory nerves. Some key effects are pain relief through TENS-like mechanisms, reduction of edema through rhythmic muscle pumping, and increased blood flow and metabolism. It can be applied over large areas via electrodes due to strong sensory stimulation and is used to soothe nerves, relax muscles, and control pain or edema, though it is now rarely used in modern physiotherapy.
therapeuticcurrents-230513111258-73230093.pptx
Therapeutic currents are classified into low, medium, and high frequency currents. Low frequency currents vary from 1-1000Hz and stimulate sensory and motor nerves. Examples include faradic current (30-70Hz), TENS (1-120Hz), and HVPGS (500V twin pulses). Medium frequency currents include interferential current and Russian current (2.5kHz burst modulated at 50Hz). Therapeutic currents have physiological effects like muscle stimulation and contraction as well as therapeutic effects such as muscle strengthening, nerve stimulation, and pain relief.
diadynamic current.pptx
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that are half or full wave rectified alternating currents. They produce monophasic pulses and have two main types - half wave rectification which produces pulses at 50Hz and full wave rectification which produces pulses at 100Hz. There are five classic types of diadynamic currents defined by their waveform. The currents have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and muscle strengthening effects and are used to treat soft tissue injuries, peripheral nerve disorders, and various pain conditions. Proper technique and monitoring of intensity and duration is needed when applying the currents to avoid skin damage.
Galvanic Current.pptx
Constant DC/Galvanic current is a steady direct current used for therapeutic purposes. It has a pulse duration of more than 1ms up to 600ms, with most common being 100ms, and requires a frequency of 30 pulses per minute. There are two main types - constant galvanic current, which flows in one direction at a constant strength, and modified galvanic current, where the direct current is made to interrupt at regular intervals. Physiological effects include muscle contraction, sensory and motor nerve stimulation, and increased blood flow. Therapeutic uses include iontophoresis to introduce ions through the skin for conditions like hyperhydrosis, and pain relief through gate control pain mechanism and increased blood flow removing nociceptive
DIADYNAMIC CURRENT.pptx
Diadynamic current is a type of electrotherapy that uses a low current for analgesic and spasmolytic effects. It is a mixed current that combines galvanic and faradic/impulse currents to induce hyperaemia and analgesia. There are different types of diadynamic currents characterized by waveform that have inhibitory or facilitatory effects depending on frequency and intensity. Common applications include pain relief, increasing local circulation, and decreasing inflammation.
electrotherapeutic modalities
This document discusses various forms of electrotherapy used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. It describes galvanic current, diadynamic current, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current directly stimulates muscle without activating nerves. Diadynamic current comes in various forms that can stimulate muscles or affect the autonomic nervous system. Interferential therapy uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency effect for pain relief and muscle stimulation. TENS is a form of electrical stimulation that decreases pain by activating sensory nerves via surface electrodes.
560581095-2-Diadynamic-Current (1).pptx
Diadynamic currents are a type of electrotherapy that uses a mixed current combining galvanic and faradic currents. This results in analgesic and spasmolytic effects by inducing hyperaemia. Diadynamic currents include half-wave and full-wave rectified currents that produce monophasic pulsed currents. They are used to treat pain, muscle spasms, and other conditions by stimulating nerves and improving circulation. Proper application and dosage is important to provide benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
TENS Trans cutaneous electrical nerves stimulation
A detail lecture on tens and its application modalities of pain ....
Interferential therapy
Interferential therapy involves applying medium frequency alternating currents between 1000-10,000 Hz to the body. It is produced by the interference of two medium frequency currents, creating a beat frequency current that can penetrate tissues more easily than direct or low frequency currents. The beat frequency current flows maximally along diagonal paths through the tissues. Interferential therapy can be used to reduce pain, increase blood flow and reduce edema. It has various applications for pain relief, muscle stimulation and stress incontinence. Care must be taken with proper electrode placement and settings to avoid potential dangers like burns. Research studies have shown interferential therapy can help reduce fibromyalgia pain and improve sleep quality.
TENS.pptx
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive technique that uses low voltage electrical currents to stimulate nerves for pain relief. TENS works by activating A-beta fibers through the skin which closes the pain gate in the spinal cord and reduces pain signal transmission. There are different TENS modalities for acute or chronic pain including conventional TENS, acupuncture TENS, and brief intense TENS. TENS is used to treat various pain conditions like postoperative pain, arthritis, and labor pain by placing electrodes on the skin over painful areas.
BATCH 06 - IFT PRESENTATION.pptx
The document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its principles, working mechanisms, and applications. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents simultaneously to generate low frequency interference currents in the body. Key points include:
- IFT uses medium frequencies between 1000-10,000 Hz to generate low frequency currents from 50-150 Hz. This allows for deeper, more comfortable current penetration.
- IFT can be applied using bipolar, static quadripolar, or vector scan quadripolar methods depending on the treatment area and desired effects.
- Physiological effects include pain relief, muscle stimulation, increased blood flow, and edema reduction depending on the frequency used.
Electrotherapy
This document discusses various electrotherapy modalities used in physical therapy including galvanic current, Faradic current, shortwave diathermy, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current uses direct current to promote ion transfer and blood flow, while Faradic current uses pulses to cause muscle contraction. Shortwave diathermy uses electromagnetic waves to produce deep heating for pain relief and increased range of motion. Interferential therapy and TENS use electrical currents to reduce pain, inflammation, and accelerate healing for conditions like chronic pain, post-surgical recovery, and muscle injuries. These electrotherapy modalities are commonly used in physical therapy to aid muscle healing, increase blood flow, reduce pain, and improve range of
faradiccurrent-150128020450-conversion-gate02.pptx
Faradic current is a short duration, interrupted electrical current used for muscle stimulation. It produces asymmetrical, biphasic waveforms. Faradic currents are surged to produce near-normal tetanic muscle contractions and relaxations. They are produced via a circuit consisting of two parallel triode valves. Faradic currents stimulate motor nerves to cause muscle contraction if the intensity is high enough. They are used diagnostically and therapeutically for conditions like muscle weakness and nerve damage. Proper application and parameters are important to achieve benefits while avoiding dangers like burns.
neel IFT.pptx
This document provides an overview of interferential current therapy. It discusses the history and principles of interferential current, including how two alternating medium frequency currents intersect to produce amplitude modulation at a low frequency. It describes parameters like frequency, dosage, sweep patterns and techniques like bipolar and quadripolar application. The physiological effects of interferential current like pain relief, muscle stimulation and increased blood flow are explained. Indications, contraindications and precautions for its use are also summarized.
Medical Physics - Assignment.pptx
There are several methods of electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles to reduce pain, including different types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS involves applying low frequency pulsed currents through surface electrodes and can be used for short or prolonged periods. High TENS uses high frequencies and low intensities to inhibit pain transmission while low TENS uses low frequencies and high intensities to release endorphins blocking pain. Burst TENS provides benefits of conventional and acupuncture-like TENS. Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation involves extremely small currents to relieve pain and heal soft tissues with few sensations felt. Electrical stimulation has various applications but precautions are needed for certain medical conditions.
Types of currents in Electrotherapy.pptx
Types of current used in electrotherapy
Explanation and their relative uses in different disorder treatment interventions
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive method of using low-voltage electrical currents to block pain signals from traveling along nerve pathways and stimulate the body's natural pain relievers. TENS units deliver electrical impulses through electrodes placed on the skin near areas of pain. The impulses can help reduce both acute and chronic pain conditions. While portable and easy to use at home, TENS only treats pain symptoms and may need to be combined with other long-term treatments.
Tens
This document provides information on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential therapy (IFT), and paraffin wax bath therapy. It describes how each therapy works, including parameters and modes. It outlines indications and contraindications. For TENS, it discusses waveform, frequency, pulse width, amplitude and types (conventional, acupuncture-like, brief intense, burst mode). For IFT, it explains the interference of two medium frequencies. For paraffin wax bath, it describes the unit, application methods, and physiological effects of increased heat and circulation.
ELECTRO THERAPY CURRENT USE IN CLINICAL CASES
1. TENS would be used to manage the pain from osteoarthritis of the knee. Specifically, conventional/high TENS with a high frequency of 40-150 Hz, low intensity current of 10-30 mA, and short pulse duration of up to 50 microseconds would be applied for 30-60 minutes.
2. Conventional TENS works by pre-synaptic inhibition to suppress pain signals to the brain and encourage the body's natural painkillers. It can help control arthritis pain without additional drugs.
3. TENS is a safe and effective first-line treatment for many pain conditions, including osteoarthritis of the knee.
Similar to Sinusoidalcurrent (20)
TENS Trans cutaneous electrical nerves stimulation
TENS Trans cutaneous electrical nerves stimulation
faradiccurrent-150128020450-conversion-gate02.pptx
faradiccurrent-150128020450-conversion-gate02.pptx
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Sinusoidalcurrent
- 1. Sinusoidal current DR.ARJUN PATEL (MPT, DNHE)
- 2. Definition • sinusoidal currents are evenly sine wave alternating currents with a frequency of 50 Hz. • The sine wave or sinusoid is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth repetitive oscillations.
- 4. • It is produced from the mains by reducing the voltage to 60 to 80 volts with a step down transformer. • This gives 100 pulses or phases in each second, 50 in one direction and 50 in other. • It is usually surged to cause rhythmical muscle contractions. • It relieves pain and reduces edema. • Because of its marked sensory stimulation this current is often used over large areas and rarely used for local muscle stimulation.
- 5. Sinusoidal current • Similar to faradic current • Alternating current that produces mechanical contractions that tone the muscles • Produce impulses on muscles & force them to contract;
- 6. Advantages •Supplies greater stimulation, deeper penetration, & is less irritating than faradic current •Soothes the nerves & penetrates into deeper muscle tissue •Is best suited for the nervous client
- 7. EFFECTS OF SINUSOIDAL CURRENT • STIMULATION:-When it is applied continuously, it causes a tetanic muscle contraction and tingling sensation due to stimulation of motor and sensory nerves. • It is usually surged to cause a rhythmical muscle contraction. • The sensory stimulation help for pain relief by the mechanism, same as that of TENS and the rhythmic muscle contraction help in relief of edema.
- 8. EFFECTS OF SINUSOIDAL CURRENT • Metabolism:-It also helps for enhancing blood flow and intramuscular metabolism. • Reduction of edema: The unsurged sinusoidal current also helps for reduction of edema inflammatory exudates.
- 9. APPLICATION: • Sinusoidal currents can be applied in the same way as other low frequency currents by means of Electrodes and pads. • This current is applied to large areas due to marked sensory stimulation. • It is rarely used for local muscle stimulation.
- 10. Indications • Pain:-For pain control continuous sinusoidal current is applied at intensity close to patient tolerance and applied for approx.. 5 min and repeat if there is insufficient immediate side effects. • Edema:-For reduction of edema and to increase the limb circulation surged sinusoidal current is suggested; causing rhythmical muscle pumping action.
- 11. Indications • Used during scalp & facial manipulations • Sinusoidal current is rarely used in modern Physiotherapy.
- 12. Contraindications: • Skin lesions • Unstable fracture. • Impaired cognitive ability • Pregnancy • Over Carotid sinus • Cancer. • Cardiac pacemakers. • Superficial metals
- 13. • THANK YOU