Russian current is a sinusoidal rectangular burst current

1. Electrical Stimulation

2.  1977 Yakov Kots (Russian physiologist)
 It is basically a medium-frequency current
 It is an intermittent alternating sinusoidal current with a carrier
frequency of 2500 Hz.
 Russian Current is a sinusoidal waveform, delivered in bursts or
series of pulses.
 The pulsing or bursting is at a 'low' frequency, and as a result,
nerves will respond
 Burst Mode Alternating Current (BMAC) is a more generic

3.  The 1971 Russian experimentation set out to establish the
fundamental principle of this stimulation method
 The timing (stimulation/rest/repetitions) protocols were considered
as was the issue of treatment frequency
 Become known as the 10/50/10 protocol was identified as being
effective (this essentially means stimulating for 10 seconds, leaving
a 50 second rest period and repeating this sequence for 10 minutes
 The stimulation was found to generate fatigue if delivered for more
than 10 seconds

4. Modulated AC
(Rectangular burst
Modulation)
Modulated AC
(Sinusoidal burst
Modulation)
Unmodulated
Alternating Current

5.  Stimulation should be applied with a 2500Hz carrier medium
frequency sinusoidal alternating current, burst at 50 Hz (10ms ON :
10ms OFF) at a maximum tolerable level, stimulation delivered for
10 seconds and rest period 50 seconds, repeated for 10 cycles,
maximum tolerable intensity

6.  Carrier Frequency: 2500Hz ( 2.5 KHz).
 Waveform: Polyphasic sinusoidal waveform.
 Current Amplitude: The maximum current amplitude is 100mA.
Clinical used at 70mA.
 Bursts Frequency: 50 Hz.
 Burst Duration: 10ms
 On/Off Ratio : The on : off ratio is defined as the ratio of the time
during which there is stimulation (contraction) to the time during
which there is no stimulation (no contraction). Set as 10ms:10ms

7.  Duty cycle : Duty cycle is the proportion of on time to the summation
of both the on and off time expressed as percentages.
 For example 10:10 sets up a duty cycle of =10/ (10+10)x 100= 50%.
Russian current produced with duty cycle of 50%.
 Ramp-Up and Down: Setting the ramp time is very important to
evoked contraction similar to muscle contraction. As the ramp allows
gradual increase of intensity with associated gradually increase of
muscle contraction. Set for 1-2 seconds

8.  The recommended duration of treatment is 10 minutes, once daily per week for
several weeks (3-6months)
 Electrode placement: Arranged parallel to the direction of muscle fibers so that it
is at the estimated line of pull of the muscle

9. Medium frequency modulated alternating current
Depolarization of sensory & motor fibers
(synchronously), activation of fast type II Motor Unit
High level electrically evoke muscular contraction
Contraction against External Load
Muscle strengthening

10. SEKIAN
TERIMAKASIH