IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A brief and basic presentation of interconnections of pwer system,it covers all the basic aspects of power system interconnection that how systems can be built with interconnections
Extra high voltage long ac transmission linesShivagee Raj
From economical point of view designing of transmission line system is very important in the electricity supply system. Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines are best suited for transmission of bulk power.
A brief and basic presentation of interconnections of pwer system,it covers all the basic aspects of power system interconnection that how systems can be built with interconnections
Extra high voltage long ac transmission linesShivagee Raj
From economical point of view designing of transmission line system is very important in the electricity supply system. Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines are best suited for transmission of bulk power.
This PPT was crate for my seminar presentation and upload for help and providing information about FAULT ANALYSIS IN HVDC & HVAC TRANSMISSION LINE and basic idea of HVDC System
Power Quality Improvement of Grid Interconnection of renewable Energy Based D...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter which compensates power quality problems and also interface Renewable Energy Sources with the help of electric grid. Renewable Energy Sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system utilizing power electronic converters. Grid interfacing inverter can be used: 1) To improve the transfer of active power harvested from RES; 2) To meet load reactive power demand support ; 3) To reduce current harmonics by incorporating the current harmonic compensator at point of common coupling(PCC) ; 4) current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. The fuzzy logic can be used in many applications especially, when the process/models are complex to analyse by using classical methods. Mainly fuzzy logic controller is used to control DC capacitor voltage. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the performance of the controller. The output shows the controller has fast dynamic response high accuracy of tracking DC voltage reference and robust to load parameters variations.
Power Quality Improvement in Power System using UPFCijtsrd
Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) are used. Load flow analysis is done to analyze the transients introduced in the system due to the occurrence of faults. The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing power system oscillations and improving system damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be used to control the active and reactive power. This paper considers a power system as a case study for investigating the performance of UPFC is achieving stability. By using a UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the voltage deviations and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by analyzing their voltage deviations and reactive power support in this paper. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can control independently the real and reactive power flow in a transmission line. Navneet Kaur | Gagan Deep Yadav"Power Quality Improvement in Power System using UPFC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7139.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/7139/power-quality-improvement-in-power-system-using-upfc/navneet-kaur
Transient Stability of Power System using Facts Device-UPFCijsrd.com
This paper is based on Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing power system oscillations and improving system damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be used to control the active and reactive power.. By using a UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the rotor angle and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by analyzing their oscillation in rotor angle and change in speed occurred in the two machine system considered in this work. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can control independently the real and reactive power flow in a transmission line. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the UPFC in achieving transient stability of the two-machine five-bus system.
In analyzing the problems in South Sulawesi transmission system, simulations of PSCAD / EMTDC [5-6] and PWS (Power World Simulator) [7] software were used to simulate changes in electrical current and voltage during a disturbance.
-Single phase to Ground,
-Line to Fault Line,
-Double Line to Ground
-Three phase Short Circuit
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The use of distributed generation (DG) within distribution systems has increased for the last two decades due to worldwide increase in demand for electricity and governmental policy change from “conventional” energy to “green” energy. High levels of penetration of DG have many significant benefits but also come with many drawbacks such as voltage drop and power losses. This study presents the impact of DG at different locations in a distribution feeder in terms of the feeder voltage profile. A radial distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software while changing the size and location of DG in the system. The obtained results are used for better understanding on the impact of DG on voltage profile in radial distribution feeder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A simple and effective scheme to find malicious node in wireless sensor networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This PPT was crate for my seminar presentation and upload for help and providing information about FAULT ANALYSIS IN HVDC & HVAC TRANSMISSION LINE and basic idea of HVDC System
Power Quality Improvement of Grid Interconnection of renewable Energy Based D...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter which compensates power quality problems and also interface Renewable Energy Sources with the help of electric grid. Renewable Energy Sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system utilizing power electronic converters. Grid interfacing inverter can be used: 1) To improve the transfer of active power harvested from RES; 2) To meet load reactive power demand support ; 3) To reduce current harmonics by incorporating the current harmonic compensator at point of common coupling(PCC) ; 4) current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. The fuzzy logic can be used in many applications especially, when the process/models are complex to analyse by using classical methods. Mainly fuzzy logic controller is used to control DC capacitor voltage. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the performance of the controller. The output shows the controller has fast dynamic response high accuracy of tracking DC voltage reference and robust to load parameters variations.
Power Quality Improvement in Power System using UPFCijtsrd
Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) are used. Load flow analysis is done to analyze the transients introduced in the system due to the occurrence of faults. The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing power system oscillations and improving system damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be used to control the active and reactive power. This paper considers a power system as a case study for investigating the performance of UPFC is achieving stability. By using a UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the voltage deviations and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by analyzing their voltage deviations and reactive power support in this paper. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can control independently the real and reactive power flow in a transmission line. Navneet Kaur | Gagan Deep Yadav"Power Quality Improvement in Power System using UPFC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7139.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/7139/power-quality-improvement-in-power-system-using-upfc/navneet-kaur
Transient Stability of Power System using Facts Device-UPFCijsrd.com
This paper is based on Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, The Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing power system oscillations and improving system damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be used to control the active and reactive power.. By using a UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the rotor angle and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by analyzing their oscillation in rotor angle and change in speed occurred in the two machine system considered in this work. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can control independently the real and reactive power flow in a transmission line. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the UPFC in achieving transient stability of the two-machine five-bus system.
In analyzing the problems in South Sulawesi transmission system, simulations of PSCAD / EMTDC [5-6] and PWS (Power World Simulator) [7] software were used to simulate changes in electrical current and voltage during a disturbance.
-Single phase to Ground,
-Line to Fault Line,
-Double Line to Ground
-Three phase Short Circuit
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The use of distributed generation (DG) within distribution systems has increased for the last two decades due to worldwide increase in demand for electricity and governmental policy change from “conventional” energy to “green” energy. High levels of penetration of DG have many significant benefits but also come with many drawbacks such as voltage drop and power losses. This study presents the impact of DG at different locations in a distribution feeder in terms of the feeder voltage profile. A radial distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software while changing the size and location of DG in the system. The obtained results are used for better understanding on the impact of DG on voltage profile in radial distribution feeder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A simple and effective scheme to find malicious node in wireless sensor networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design issues and challenges of reliable and secure transmission of medical i...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Case study on slender multi storey rc building with brick infilleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Automatic anti glare system for night time driving using liquid crystal screenseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of stir cast al si12 cub4c compositeseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparative study of various supervisedclassification methodsforanalysing def...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
I have created this report for my final semester seminar at Poornima college of engineering Jaipur, electrical department. This report covers various chapters and other contents. feel free to download.
Note: some minor editsin format and a quick spelling check might be needed.
**content source is wikipedia and internet**
any thing you would like to suggest please let me know in the comments.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Supply Systems
I
n early days, there was a little demand for
electrical energy so that small power stations
were built to supply lighting and heating
loads. However, the widespread use of electrical
energy by modern civilisation has necessitated
to produce bulk electrical energy economically
and efficiently. The increased demand of electri-
cal energy can be met by building big power sta-
tions at favourable places where fuel (coal or gas)
or water energy is available in abundance. This
has shifted the site of power stations to places
quite away from the consumers. The electrical
energy produced at the power stations has to be
supplied to the consumers. There is a large net-
work of conductors between the power station
and the consumers. This network can be broadly
divided into two parts viz., transmission and dis-
tribution. The purpose of this chapter is to focus
attention on the various aspects of transmission
of electric power.
The Solar System[c] is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. The largest of such objects are the eight planets, in order from the Sun: four terrestrial planets named Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, two gas giants named Jupiter and Saturn, and two ice giants named Uranus and Neptune. The terrestrial planets have a definite surface and are mostly made of rock and metal. The gas giants are mostly made of hydrogen and helium, while the ice giants are mostly made of 'volatile' substances such as water, ammonia, and methane. In some texts, these terrestrial and giant planets are called the inner Solar System and outer Solar System planets respectively.
Design and Simulation of a Three Phase Power Converter Connected To a Distrib...IJERA Editor
The distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, fuel cells, and storage systems such as ultra capacitors and batteries) are of great interest due to their low environmental impact and technical advantages such as improvements in voltage levels and reduced power losses when a distributed generation system is installed in radial lines. Two control algorithms were proposed to improve the grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations methods, in which the distributed generation system must detect the situation and switch from power or current to voltage as a control variable to provide constant rms voltage to the local loads. The power flow between the grid and the distributed generation is controlled by applying a power/voltage method that regulates the amplitude and the displacement of the grid voltage synthesized by the distributed generation, while a phase-locked loop algorithm is used to synchronize the grid and distributed generation.
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission LinesRajaram Meena
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission Lines in using PSAT in GUI/matlab in that slide uses a basic deeply small instrument using power transmission lines..it's main purpose to improve knowledge skills of students..
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
when a coil is rotated or turned under a magnetic field, there occurs a force...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
Similar to Simulation of different power transmission systems and their capacity of reducing harmonics (20)
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)
Simulation of different power transmission systems and their capacity of reducing harmonics
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 329
SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND
THEIR CAPACITY OF REDUCING HARMONICS
Ashish Dhar Diwan1
, Preeti Khurana2
, Gaddam Siva3
, Gaddam Aditya4
1
M.Tech Scholar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
3
M.Tech Scholar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
4
M.Tech Scholar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
Abstract
As we all know, that there are various system working all over the globe for the effective, lossless and reliable power transmission.
Many different system have been tried and tested for the better stability purpose. In this paper, hybrid approach of AC-DC
simultaneous transmission system has been analyzed for the better stability performance. Stability of voltage in transmission systems
have been quite an issue and area of research for most of the electrical researchers. As we know, there are many different types of
transmission system acting upon now a day all over the globe. Various systems have been tried and tested in different parts of the
world for achieving the utmost stability of the voltage while transmission of electric power Different systems like AC system, HVDC
system, AC with FACTS are in use in many places. This paper deals with different transmission systems and the level of stability
achieved by those system and methods to improve the stability. Different types of transmission system have been simulated using
MATLAB/SIMULINK and results have also been taken using the same.
Keywords: AC-DC, equipment, transmission, HVDC, FACTS
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1. INTRODUCTION
As the demand is increasing rapidly with the growth of
requirements of utilities in the different areas of the daily life,
the power is often available at locations not close to the
growing load centers but at remote locations. These locations
are largely determined by regulatory policies, environmental
acceptability, and the cost of available energy. The wheeling
of this available energy through existing long AC lines to load
centers have a certain upper limit due to stability
considerations. Thus, these lines are not loaded to their
thermal limit to keep sufficient margin against transient
instability.[1] [4] There were many papers talking about the
same concept which were read and justified. The present
situation demands the review of traditional power transmission
theory and practice, on the basis of new concepts that allow
full utilization of existing transmission facilities without
decreasing system availability and security. The flexible ac
transmission system (FACTS) concepts, based on applying
state-of-the-art power electronic technology to existing ac
transmission system, improve stability to achieve power
transmission close to its thermal limit.
The basic proof justifying the simultaneous AC-DC power
transmission is explained in reference[4]. In the above
references, simultaneous AC-DC power transmission was first
proposed through a single circuit ac transmission line. In these
proposals Mono-polar dc transmission with ground as return
path was used. There were certain limitations due to use of
ground as return path. Moreover, the instantaneous value of
each conductor voltage with respect to ground becomes higher
by the amount of the dc voltage, and more discs are to be
added in each insulator string to withstand this increased
voltage. However, there was no change in the conductor
separation distance, as the line-to-line voltage remains
unchanged. In this paper, the feasibility study of conversion of
a double circuit ac line to composite ac–dc line without
altering the original line conductors, tower structures, and
insulator strings has been presented.
2. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
As we have talked about earlier the transmission systems are
of different cadre and criteria now a day and there are many
different systems have been introduced. The below description
is about some of the transmission systems which are prevalent
and are present with developed behavior then the earlier ones
[13].
2.1. HVAC Transmission Systems
HVAC transmission system is being used from very early
times of the electrical power. As we know that there are many
different industries and domestic areas too which needs the
electric power. In order to cope up with the increasing demand
of the era high voltage supply became the necessity for setting
up the equilibrium between demand and the supply part. But
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as we all know, HVAC transmission lines cannot be loaded to
their thermal limits, it will not cope up with the supply and
instability occurs in the voltage. There are certain
disadvantages of this system or can be said as the problems
which encounters while using the HVAC system for the
transmission of electrical power they are as follows [4] :
There is increment in current density due to increase in
the loading of the line using series capacitor.
In this system group of conductors are used which are
bundled.
In AC systems conductor carries high surface voltage
gradient over it.
There are Corona problems occurring in the system
resulting in audible noise.
Interference occurs in AC systems which effects the
television screens.
Under the conductor lines, there is a high volume of
electrostatic field.
There are switching over voltages in AC systems which
causes more problems than lightning over voltages.
In AC transmission, Ferro resonance also occurs in the
system in which impedance behaves like resistance.
Compensation done in the AC transmission system
induces sub synchronous resonance.
2.2 Simultaneous AC-DC Transmission
Simultaneous AC-DC transmission system uses AC as well as
DC power at a time to supply power from sending end to the
receiving end. In this system each conductor of line carries AC
power with the DC power super imposed over it. The DC
power which is added externally do not make any clutter or
interference in the power supply. This particular transmission
technology uses double circuit transmission lines could be AC
lines only which is modified to some level to accommodate
DC power in it with the AC going along. The dual circuit AC
transmission lines are used in long distance transmission for
inter country as well as intra country transmission of the
power for better stability then the single circuit transmission
lines which are normally used for transmission purpose. In this
transmission system AC and DC both run parallel in all the
three phases. DC is injected into each phase of the
transmission lines. As we know, the power generated at the
station remain AC has to be converted into DC for the supply
of the simultaneous power. There is a converter or a rectifier
used to convert the AC supply into DC and then the DC is
injected into the system. The rectifier bridge is connected to
the neutral of the zig zag transformer which is at the sending
end. The DC power which is injected is equally divided
among all the three phases of the transmission network. This
DC power is again re-converted or say inverted by the help of
an inverter bridge, which is connected to the neutral of the zig
zag transformer connected at the receiving end of the power
system. All the transmission lines used are connected in
between the zig zag transformer. This transmission technique
uses double circuit transmission line in which both the power
AC as well as DC can be supplied at a time. Since, DC power
flows into the transformer; zigzag winding connection for
secondary is used to avoid the saturation of the core of the
transformer.
3. CONCEPT OF SIMULTANEOUS AC-DC
POWER TRANSMISSION
In simultaneous ac-dc power transmission system, the
conductors are allowed to carry dc current superimposed on ac
current. AC and DC power flow independently and the added
dc power flow does not cause any transient instability [6]. The
network in Fig. 1.1 shows the basic scheme for simultaneous
ac-dc power flow through a double circuit ac transmission
line. The dc power is obtained by converting a part of ac
through line commutated 13-pulse rectifier bridge used in
conventional HVDC and injected into the neutral point of the
zig-zag connected secondary windings of sending end
transformer. The injected current is distributed equally among
the three windings of the transformer. [5] [4] The same is
reconverted to AC by the conventional line commutated
inverter at the receiving end. The inverter bridge is connected
to the neutral of zig-zag connected winding of the receiving
end transformer. Each transmission line is connected between
the zig-zag windings at both ends. The double circuit
transmission line carries both 3-phase ac as well as dc power.
At both ends, zig-zag connection of secondary windings of
transformer is used to avoid saturation of core due to flow of
DC component current.
4. POWER FORMULATION
Let us assume that the rectifier’s current control to be remain
as constant and inverter’s extinction angle control be also as
constant. Under normal operating conditions the equivalent
circuit can be shown as Fig.3.1. Return path of the AC current
only can be shown by the dotted lines in the figure. [5]The DC
power carried by each conductor of the line will be (Id / 3)
along with the AC current per phase and the maximum values
of rectifier and inverter side DC voltages can be given by Edro
and Edio respectively. Line parameters in each phase of each
line are R, L and C. Rcr and Rci are the resistances which are
commutating resistances and α is the firing angle and γ is the
extinction angles of rectifier and inverter. The ground only
carries the full DC current and all the other conductor have
only
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Fig 1 Simultaneous AC-DC Transmission
Id/3 along with the AC super imposed on it. The AC voltage
and current and the power equations in terms of A, B, C and D
parameters of each line can be given as, when there is
resistive drop in transformer winding and in the line
conductors due to DC current are neglected. The expression
can be given as[5]:
Sending end voltage:
Es = AER + BIR (1)
Sending end current:
Is = CER + DIR (2)
Sending end power:
Ps+ jQS = (- ES X ER)/B + (D X Es3
/B) (3)
Receiving end power:
PR+jQR = (ES X ER)/B - (A X ER
3
/B) (4)
Now, the expressions for DC current and the DC power can be
given as shown below, when the ac resistive drop in the line
and transformer are neglected then,
Dc current:
Id = (Edrcosα - Edicosγ)/(Rer+(R/3) – Rci) (5)
Power in inverter:
Pdi = Edi x Id (6)
Power in rectifier:
Pdr = Edr x Id (7)
Where,
R = line resistance per conductor.
Rcr and Rci = commutating resistances.
α and γ = firing and extinction angles of rectifier
and inverter respectively.
Vdr and Vdi = maximum dc voltages of rectifier and
inverter side respectively.
Values of Edr and Edi are 1.35 times line to line tertiary
winding AC voltages of respective sides.
Reactive power required by the converters are
Qdi = Pdi tanθI (8)
Qdr = Pdr tanθr (9)
CosθI = (cosγ + cos (γ + μi))/3 (10)
Cosθr = (cosα + cos (α + μr))/3 (11)
Where, μI and μr are commutation angles of inverter and
rectifier respectively and total active and reactive powers at
the two ends are
Pst = Ps + Pdr and Prt = PR + Pdi (12)
Qst = Qs + Qdr and Qrt = QR + Qdi (13)
Total transmission line loss is:
PL = (Ps + Pdr) – (PR + Pdi) (14)
Ia being the rms AC current per conductor at any point of the
line, total rms current per conductor in 3 phase becomes
I = and PL =3I3
R (15)
If the rated conductor current corresponds to its allowable
temperature rise is Ith and
Ia = X x Ith ; X being less than one, the DC current gets to:
Id = 3 x ( ) Ith (16)
The total current I in any conductor is asymmetrical but two
natural zero-crossings in each cycle in current wave are
obtained for (Id/3Ia) <1.414.
The instant value of each conductor voltage with respect to
ground becomes the DC voltage Vd with a superimposed
sinusoidally varying AC voltages having rms value Eph and
the peak value being:
Emax = V + 1.414 Eph
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Electric field produced by any conductor voltage have a DC
component which is superimposed with varying AC
component[7]. Though, the electric field polarity changes its
sign twice in cycle if (Vd/Eph) <1.414. So, higher creep age
distance requirement for insulator discs used for HVDC lines
are not required in this system. Each conductor is to be
insulated for maximum voltage (Emax) but the line to line
voltage has no DC component and ELL(max) = 3.45 Eph.
Therefore, separation between two conductor distance is
determined only by rated AC voltage of the line.
Let,
Vd/Eph = k
Pdc/Pac # (Vd * Id)/(3* Eph*Ia*cosT) = (k
* )/(x*cosT) (17)
Total power can be given by
Pt = Pdc + Pac = (1+ [k x ]/(x * cosT)) * Pac
(18)
The full-fledged analysis of short current AC design of
protective scheme, currently the filters used in it are not the
scope of work going on right now, but the above expression
says that the combine hvdc and hvac systems can be used for
this purpose. In the case of any faults in the system all the
SCR are gated and block the fault current from causing any
damage to the system and also when the fault clears this SCRs
are released after the successful; work of protecting the
system. Circuit breakers are then tripped at both ends to isolate
the complete system and is mentioned earlier, if (Id 3Ia) <1.414
[5], there will be no requirement of special DC circuit
breakers. The circuit breakers which are used at both the ends
of transmission line will ensure to operate at zero current. The
security of transmission lines can be ensured by giving proper
tripping signals to the circuit breakers which is given when
the current signal crosses zero which is determined by the zero
crossing detector. Else, circuit breakers which are connected
to the other side of transformer may be used to protect the
system from faults.
5. SIMULATION
All the simulation and modeling process has been done by
using SIMULINK package in MATLAB. We have seen and
discussed about the different transmission system above and
their simulation has been done here in Fig 2 is the model of
hybrid AC dc transmission system. Similarly in fig 3
Simulation model of HVDC system has been given and in fig
4 Simulation model of simple AC transmission system has
been provided.
Fig 2: Simulation model of Hybrid AC-DC transmission
system
Fig 3: Simulation model of AC Transmission system
6. RESULTS
After the simulation of both the transmission system we have
different results taken from the simulation model of AC
system and Hybrid AC-DC system and then FFT analysis of
AC, AC-DC and HVDC has been shown below.
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Fig 4: Sending and receiving end voltages
Fig 5: Sending and receiving end currents
Fig 6: AC current
Fig 7: Sending end and Receiving end Currents
Fig 8: Combined AC-DC current
Fig 9: Transformer AC Voltage
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Fig 10: FFT Analysis of AC-DC system
Fig 11: FFT Analysis of AC system
7. CONCLUSIONS
In the above discussion, we have seen the difference and the
similarities between the various transmission systems and as
all of them have been evaluated and the results were
considered. We can observe that Hybrid AC-DC systems are
showing better results than the regular AC system we use.
While observing the FFT analysis it is clear that the harmonics
in AC systems are more prevailed than the other two systems.
There is substantial increase in the power transfer capabilities
of the line and improvement in the stability in AC-DC system
as compared to AC transmission systems. As new can see in
the table 1 when the different values which varies as the power
angle changes and there is 80% of the increase in power
transfer capabilities of the line in the simultaneous AC-DC
transmission system. The stability aspects up to 800 power
angle have been reported in reference [12]. Now, it is better to
use hybrid AD-DC transmission rather than AC transmission
because of the benefits mentioned above in the paper. Since
there is no huge amount of extra cost is required for changing
the existing AC networks to AC-DC networks. No
modification is required in the size of conductors, insulator
strings and towers structure of the original line hybrid AC-DC
is more preferable [12].
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