This document discusses a simulation of EIGRP routing between two autonomous systems. It introduces EIGRP and outlines its advantages and disadvantages. The simulation divides a network into two autonomous systems connected by a boundary router performing route redistribution. Ping tests show faster response times within one autonomous system than between systems. Traffic graphs demonstrate the boundary router's impact on traffic flowing between the autonomous systems. The simulation evaluates EIGRP performance between autonomous systems with route redistribution.

1. Traffic engineering
Simulation Based EIGRP with two Autonomous
systems
Performance Analysis
Lecturer: Dr inz. Janusz Klink
Nzavatunga Luwawa 197671

2. Table of contents
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................2
Advantages and Disadvantages of EIGRP .....................................................................................................3
Technical Overview of Routing Protocols.....................................................................................................4
Classification of Routing Protocols ...............................................................................................................4
Static versus Dynamic Routing......................................................................................................................5
Autonomous System (AS) .............................................................................................................................6
Scenario.........................................................................................................................................................6
Configuration IP subnet addressing..............................................................................................................7
Simulation.....................................................................................................................................................8
Ping test ........................................................................................................................................................8
Global statistics...........................................................................................................................................10
Ethernet Server(FTP)...................................................................................................................................11
Route redistribution....................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion and future use ..........................................................................................................................16
References ..................................................................................................................................................17

3. Abstract
Routing protocol is taking a vital role in the modern communication networks. A routing
protocol is a protocol which is responsible to determine how routers communicate with each
other and forward the packets through the optimal path to travel from a source node to a
destination node. Among the routing protocols, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) are the pre-eminent routing protocols. EIGRP is a
Cisco proprietary distance-vector protocol based on Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL).
This Project presents s a simulation based comparative performance analysis between EIGRP
using different Autonomy System AS for real time applications by using OPNET.

4. 1
Objectives
- Introduce the EIGRP Dynamic Routing Protocol model
- To demonstrate implemented features of EIGRP
- To describe how to configure and study the EIGRP model

5. 2
Introduction
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance-
vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network to help automate routing decisions
and configuration.
EIGRP is used on a router to share routes with other routers within the same autonomous
system. Unlike other well known routing protocols, such as RIP, EIGRP only sends incremental
updates, reducing the workload on the router and the amount of data that needs to be transmitted.

6. 3
Advantages and Disadvantages of EIGRP
 Easy to configure.
 Loop free routes are offered.
 It keeps a back up path in the network to get the destination.
 Multiple network layer protocols are included.
 EIGRP convergence time is low and it is responsible for the reduction of the bandwidth
utilization.
 It can work with Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) and Class Less Inter Domain
Routing (CIDR).
 EIGRP also supports the routing update authentication.
Disadvantages of EIGRP are:
 Considered as Cisco proprietary routing protocol.
 Routers from other vendors are not able to utilize EIGRP.

7. 4
Technical Overview of Routing Protocols
In IP networks, a routing protocol usually carries packets by transferring them between
different nodes. When considering a network, routing takes place hop by hop.
Routing protocols have the following objectives:
 To communicate between routers
 To construct routing tables
 To make routing decisions
 To learn existing routes
 To share information amongst neighbor’s routers.
The routers are used mainly by connecting several networks and providing packet forwarding
to different networks. The main idea for routing protocols is to establish the best path from the
source to the destination. A routing algorithm employs several metrics, which are used to resolve
the best method of reaching to a given network. These are established either on a single or on
several properties of the path. For conventional routing protocols, networks are classified as Link
State Routing Protocols and Distance Vector Routing Protocols. The conventional routing
protocol is usually used for other types of communication networks such as Wireless Ad-Hoc
Networks, Wireless Mesh Networks etc. This chapter mainly presents the basic techniques of
different routing protocols.
Classification of Routing Protocols
The classifications of routing protocols are:
 Static and dynamic routing protocols.
 Distance Vector and Link State routing protocols.
 Classful and Classless routing protocols

8. 5
Static versus Dynamic Routing
Static routing is a routing process whose routing table follows a manual construction and
fixed routes at boot time. The routing table needs to be updated by the network administrator
when a new network is added and discarded in the AS. Static routing is mainly used for small
networks. Its performance degrades when the network topology is changed routing. It usually
provides more control for the system administrator in order to maintain the whole network. In
static routing, the network has more control over the network. It’s simple functionality and less
CPU processing time are also an advantage but poor performance experienced when network
topology changes, complexity of reconfiguring network topology changes and difficult manual
setup procedure are still major drawbacks of static routing.
On the contrary, dynamic routing is a routing protocol in which the routing tables are
formed automatically such that the neighboring routers exchange messages with each other. The
best route procedure is conducted based on bandwidth, link cost, hop number and delay. The
protocol usually updates these values. Dynamic routing protocol has the advantage of shorter
time spent by the administrator in maintaining and configuring routes. However it has diversity
problems like routing loops and route inconsistency.

9. 6
Autonomous System (AS)
In network administration with WLAN is a complex and very hard process for an
administrator, so that’s why there is a need do divide the administration tasks by different areas,
so each administration area has his own dedicated network, using routing protocols which satisfy
network needs.
Scenario
The key scenario is to analyze the performance of the network where it is divided in two
autonomic systems with routes being distributed between then, where route maps are used to
prevent particular route from being distributed
There are 3 demands configured
1. From Rock to Lily – Demand inside AS 100
2. From Rock to Veron – Demand from AS 100 to AS 200
3. From Lily to Kristin – Demand from AS100 to AS 200
The project consist of an EIGRP network with different autonomous systems, where the
network is divided into 2 EIGRP autonomous systems-100 and 200. Routers on AS 100 learn
about routers on AS 200 via redistribution on router Boundary and vice versa.
Fig.1-EIGRP Network domain with 2 autonomous system.

10. 7
Configuration IP subnet addressing
Fig.3- ip subnet addressing table

11. 8
Simulation
Simulation can be defined to show the eventual real behavior of the selected system model .It is
used for performance optimization on the basis of creating a model of the system in order to gain
insight into their functioning. We can predict the estimation and assumption of the real system by
using simulation results.
Ping test
To test the reachability of the network I used the Router Pike to send ping throughout the
networks and check the performance of the network, here is some results of this experiment.
To configure Ping in Pike Router right click on the router >Choose Individual DES
statistics >Node statistics>IP>Ping requests
Fig.4-Ping test configuration

12. 9
Fig.5-Ping response
The graph above shows the ping response time sent from the Router Pike to
router Kristin and router Veron, it can be seen that during a one hour simulation Ping
time response is slightly higher in Enterprise_Network _Kristin with a response time of
0.037 second than Enterprise_network_Veron with has 0.032 seconds.

13. 10
Global statistics
It is used to check whether the load or the delay in secodns of our network.
To configure, right click in an empty area then choose individual DES statistics>Global
nodes>Ethernet>Delay
Fig.6- EIGRP traffic sent/received
The graph above shows the average traffic received and sent during one hour of
network test, it is seen that the number of traffic sent is slightly higher that the number of
traffic received in bit/sec.

14. 11
Ethernet Server(FTP)
To configure a FTP server, you should right click on the sever >Edit attributes>applications
supported Profiles> edit > create a FTP
Fig.7 FTP configuaration

15. 12
Fig.8 – FTP Load in the network
The graph above show the average rate of traffic received using File Transfer Protocol which is a
Protocol which is used to transfer computer files from one host to another through internet. Here it can be
seen how the average of traffic quickly received quickly increases in the first 2,5 minutes with a average
of 2,90 bits and we can also a big variation from the minute 5 where the average decreases up to 2,70 bit
and it stabilizes until the end of our network test.

16. 13
Routing Protocols
Configuring routing protocols allows an administrator to have a better control of his
network, the two types of routing are: static with is administrated in small LAN, and dynamic is
a routing administrated in MAN where there are different autonomous systems.
To configure routing Protocol in this scenario click on Protocols>Routing >configure
routing protocols>Eigrp.
Fig.9 EIGRP routing protocol

17. 14
Route redistribution
Redistribution are used to facilitate administration, traffic and efficiency along the network , it is
recommended to isolate routing protocols in well defined zones to guarantee the correct routing
between devices which belong to different zones.
Fig.10- AS traffic received [AS 100] and [AS 200]

18. 15
Fig.11 AS traffic sent [AS 100] and [AS 200]
The graphs above show the redistribution on the Boundary router. In the figure 7 it can be seen
the average of traffic received and sent both with AS 100 and AS 200 in the network, It is seen
that in AS 100 the average rapidly decreases from 135 bit/s to 60 bit/s in a period of seven
minutes, while in AS 200 there is a decrease of the average of the received packets from 250 up
to 150 bit/s which means that the network is faster when the packets are sent than when packets
are received.

19. 16
Conclusion and future use
Interior routing protocols like EIGRP are widely being used in the computer networking. In this
work, I have presented a comparative analysis of different autonomous system in EIGRP, where
Boundary route has role to do redistribution and find the best route table to communicate through
the network.
As results the network between Rock and Lily is tested with Ping packets and these packets were
reachable positively, as well I as the Demand from Rock to veron are not routed because there is
a route map configured to prevent routes from AS 100 from learning about Veron.
Finally the demand from Lilly to Kristin is was redistributed to AS 100 on router Boundary and
then sent in EIGRP update message to Lily

20. 17
References
[1] Rick Graziani and Allan Jonson, “Routing protocols and concepts: CCNA exploration
companion guide” Pearson Education. London, 2008.
[2] http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~andre/disciplinas/ASIST/PL2.pdf
[3] Online source. (2004, Aug 27), “Advanced IP Addressing Management, Cisco Systems”
http://www.informit.com/articles/