The Network Layer is concerned about getting packets from source to destination, no matter how many hops it may take. It’s all about routing.
5.1 Network Layer Design Issues
What do we need to think about in this layer?
5.2 Routing Algorithms
Strategies for getting from source to destination.
5.3 Congestion Control Algorithms
How do we keep from bottlenecking from too many packets?
5.4 Internetworking
Working with multiple networks and protocols in order to deliver packets.
5.5 The Network Layer in the Internet
Gluing together a collection of subnets.
The Network Layer is concerned about getting packets from source to destination, no matter how many hops it may take. It’s all about routing.
5.1 Network Layer Design Issues
What do we need to think about in this layer?
5.2 Routing Algorithms
Strategies for getting from source to destination.
5.3 Congestion Control Algorithms
How do we keep from bottlenecking from too many packets?
5.4 Internetworking
Working with multiple networks and protocols in order to deliver packets.
5.5 The Network Layer in the Internet
Gluing together a collection of subnets.
routing table ,What is routing ? , what is static routing , what is dynamic routing , types of routing , routing protocols , routing strategy , Download Routing pdf , Download routing ppt , download routing notes , paper on routing
To Download Complete Documentation Visit My Blog
http://studyofcs.blogspot.com/2015/06/what-is-routerwhat-is-routing.html
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this is a presentation i made to give some introduction to the backward learning algorithm hope it would be use full.Many places were referred to get information here
The network layer is responsible for routing packets from the source to destination. The routing algorithm is the piece of software that decides where a packet goes next (e.g., which output line, or which node on a broadcast channel).For connectionless networks, the routing decision is made for each datagram. For connection-oriented networks, the decision is made once, at circuit setup time.
Routing Issues
The routing algorithm must deal with the following issues:
Correctness and simplicity: networks are never taken down; individual parts (e.g., links, routers) may fail, but the whole network should not.
Stability: if a link or router fails, how much time elapses before the remaining routers recognize the topology change? (Some never do..)
Fairness and optimality: an inherently intractable problem. Definition of optimality usually doesn't consider fairness. Do we want to maximize channel usage? Minimize average delay?
When we look at routing in detail, we'll consider both adaptive--those that take current traffic and topology into consideration--and nonadaptive algorithms.
Advanced Approaches to Amazon VPC and Amazon Route 53 | AWS Public Sector Sum...Amazon Web Services
This session provides attendees with approaches to their VPC, including creating and protecting subnets, routing, performing VPC peering, and leveraging the latest features in Amazon VPC. Additionally, we'll discuss Amazon Route 53 for delivering traffic.
routing table ,What is routing ? , what is static routing , what is dynamic routing , types of routing , routing protocols , routing strategy , Download Routing pdf , Download routing ppt , download routing notes , paper on routing
To Download Complete Documentation Visit My Blog
http://studyofcs.blogspot.com/2015/06/what-is-routerwhat-is-routing.html
Download completer BS Computer Science Degree Study Data
http://studyofcs.blogspot.com/p/bs.html
this is a presentation i made to give some introduction to the backward learning algorithm hope it would be use full.Many places were referred to get information here
The network layer is responsible for routing packets from the source to destination. The routing algorithm is the piece of software that decides where a packet goes next (e.g., which output line, or which node on a broadcast channel).For connectionless networks, the routing decision is made for each datagram. For connection-oriented networks, the decision is made once, at circuit setup time.
Routing Issues
The routing algorithm must deal with the following issues:
Correctness and simplicity: networks are never taken down; individual parts (e.g., links, routers) may fail, but the whole network should not.
Stability: if a link or router fails, how much time elapses before the remaining routers recognize the topology change? (Some never do..)
Fairness and optimality: an inherently intractable problem. Definition of optimality usually doesn't consider fairness. Do we want to maximize channel usage? Minimize average delay?
When we look at routing in detail, we'll consider both adaptive--those that take current traffic and topology into consideration--and nonadaptive algorithms.
Advanced Approaches to Amazon VPC and Amazon Route 53 | AWS Public Sector Sum...Amazon Web Services
This session provides attendees with approaches to their VPC, including creating and protecting subnets, routing, performing VPC peering, and leveraging the latest features in Amazon VPC. Additionally, we'll discuss Amazon Route 53 for delivering traffic.
Amazon Route 53 is a highly available, scalable, and easy to use cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service. With an SLA of 100% availability, Route 53 is designed to give developers and businesses an extremely reliable and cost effective way to route end users to Internet applications. By using Route 53 as your DNS provider, you can ensure your application’s up-time, run architecture that delivers better performance, and provide your end users with a better experience through lower latency and faster load times, all at the fraction of the cost of other DNS providers. Learning Objective: In this webinar, you will learn the following: - General overview of DNS, and how Route 53 is built to provide reliable and secure DNS - Using the Route 53 console to manage your DNS, easily and seamlessly - Utilizing health checks and failover to ensure high availability - Configuring advanced routing policies, including running your application in multiple regions with LBR and Geo for better performance for your end users. - Saving costs by using Route 53 - Registering or transferring your domains into Route 53 to manage all of your domain resources from one place - How to start using Route 53, including migrating your DNS without experiencing any downtime.
AWS re:Invent 2016: DNS Demystified: Getting Started with Amazon Route 53, fe...Amazon Web Services
Whether you’re running a simple website, a mobile app, or a suite of business applications, DNS is a fundamental part of any architecture in the cloud. In this mid-level architecture session, we’ll cover everything you need to get started with Amazon Route 53, AWS’s highly-available DNS service. You’ll learn how to use public DNS, including routing techniques such as weighted round-robin, latency-based routing, and geo DNS; how to configure DNS failover using health checks; how and when to use private DNS within your Virtual Private Cloud (VPC); and how Amazon Route 53 interacts with Amazon EC2’s DNS for instance naming and DNS resolution across your network.
We will conclude the session with a real-world migration example. Warner Bros. Entertainment recently completed a full DNS migration to Route 53. Vahram Sukyas, Vice President, Application Infrastructure & Operations at Warner Bros. Entertainment, will share details on his team's architecture, migration strategy, and lessons learned which are useful for enterprises and startups alike.
In this presentation, created for a webinar recorded on 4/26/2012, we demo'd Amazon Route 53's new Latency Based Routing (LBR) feature. LBR is one of Amazon Route 53’s most requested features and helps improve your application’s performance for a global audience. LBR works by routing your customers to the AWS endpoint (e.g. EC2 instances, Elastic IPs or ELBs) that provides the fastest experience based on actual performance measurements of the different AWS regions where your application is running.
(SDD408) Amazon Route 53 Deep Dive: Delivering Resiliency, Minimizing Latency...Amazon Web Services
Learn how to utilize Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing, weighted round-robin, and other features in conjunction with DNS failover to direct traffic to the least latent, most available endpoints across a global infrastructure. We explore topics such as balancing traffic between endpoints in terms of load and latency, and discuss how to provide multi-record answers to improve client-side resiliency. As part of this session, Loggly will present how they utilize Route 53 for their traffic management needs.
For more training on AWS, visit: https://www.qa.com/amazon
AWS Loft | London - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud by Andrew Kane, Solution Architect
April 18, 2016
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) lets you provision a logically isolated section of the AWS cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define. In this talk, we discuss advanced tasks in Amazon VPC, including the implementation of Amazon VPC peering, the creation of multiple network zones, the establishment of private connections, and the use of multiple routing tables. We also provide information for current Amazon EC2-Classic network customers and help you prepare to adopt Amazon VPC.
Speakers:
Steve Seymour, AWS Solutions Architect
Eamonn O'Neill, Director, Lemongrass Consulting
Jackie Wong, Head of Networks, Financial Times
Highlighted notes while studying Advanced Computer Networks:
Routing table
Source: Wikipedia
In computer networking a routing table, or routing information base (RIB), is a data table stored in a router or a network host that lists the routes to particular network destinations, and in some cases, metrics (distances) associated with those routes. The routing table contains information about the topology of the network immediately around it.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Comparative Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols and Cluster Head Selection Te...IJERA Editor
Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a kind of wireless network. It is a backbone of new generation advanced communication technology. MANET is an ideal applicant for rescue and emergency situation due to its independence of connected devices of fixed wires. This paper represents a work on trust based system in MANET cluster that can be used to improve the performance of the network even in the existence of not trusted nodes. In the cluster architecture, cluster head and gateway nodes form a communication for routing among neighbouring clusters. But selection of cluster head is the important problem in dynamic Ad-hoc network because cluster head work as coordinator in clustered architecture. In this work, some values have used correspond to the threshold values of forward packet and dropped packet of each node within the network cluster. These values have been used dynamically updated every time and the node is selected as cluster head. In this technique of selecting the node as cluster head, the node which has maximum trusted value is elected as cluster head and this information is updated in every node’s trusted table. After implementation of our desired work, the proposed Dynamic Trust Evaluation of Cluster Head (DTE-CH) technique is analysed with traditional routing protocols and traditional clustering technique viz. Highest Degree Algorithm. The simulation is done by using network simulator software on the basis of different performance metrics throughput, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, packet drop, average end to end delay and remain energy. Simulation result presents that proposed DTE-CH technique improves the performance of network as compare to most suitable existing AODV MANET protocol based technique as well as traditional highest degree clustering technique.
DDoS attacks have become one of the most dangerous issues in the Internet today. Because of these attacks, legitimate users can not access the resources they need. In [1] authors proposed a combined method for tracing and blocking the sources of DDoS-attacks. The essence of the method is that each router marks the network packet that passes through it using a random hash function from the set. At the receiving side this information is stored and used to filter unwanted traffic and traceback the source of distributed attack. This article describes the simulation and its results of the combined method.
Performance Observation of Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols with Incr...Computer Science Journals
Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is type of wireless network in which group of mobile nodes co-operate to forward the data packets to their neighbours without using centralized authority or any physical medium like cables or base station.
Overview of IP routing protocols, packet forwarding and proxy ARP.
The principle of IP routing proved to be very flexible and scalable in the growth of the Internet and TCP/IP based networks.
IP routing denotes protocols for exchanging IP address range reachability like RIP, BGP and OSPF.
In contrast to IP routing, IP packet forwarding collectively means all functions performed when an IP router receives a packet and forwards it over the output interface indicated by an IP route in the routing table.
When an IP router performs a route lookup, it calculates a route decision based on different properties like prefix (mask) length, route precedence and metrics.
Routing protocols for exchanging route information can be coarsely classified as distance vector and link state protocols. Distance vector protocols like RIP (Routing Information Protocol) exchange information about the path cost to specific targets (IP address ranges). Routers that talk distance vector protocols receive reachability information about all sub-networks indirectly from neighboring routers.
In contrast to distance vector protocols, link state protocols like OSPF disseminate information about the link state of each router link in a network to all routers in the network. Thus link state protocols tend to converge faster to topology changes since all routers have firsthand information of the topology of the network.
Proxy ARP may be a convenient solution when it comes to add additional subnets without having to add routes to routers and hosts. A proxy ARP enabled router would answer ARP requests on behalf of the targeted hosts mimicking a local network access to the requesting host.
Influence of Clustering on the Performance of MobileAd Hoc Networks (MANETs)Narendra Singh Yadav
Clustering is an important research area for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) as it increases the capacity of network, reduces the routing overhead and makes the network more scalable in the presence of both high mobility and a large number of mobile nodes. Routing protocols based on flat topology are not scalable because of their built-in characteristics. However, clustering cause overhead which consumes considerable bandwidth, drain mobile nodes energy quickly, likely cause congestion, collision and data delay in larger networks. This paper uses an implementation of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), an flat architecture based and the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), a cluster architecture based routing protocol to examine the influence of clustering on the performance of mobile ad hoc networks. This paper evaluates channel utilization and control overhead as a function of number of nodes per sq. km to show the effect of clustering. Simulation results show that in high mobility scenarios, CBRP outperforms DSR. CBRP scales well with increasing number of nodes.
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