LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Introduction
Band Pass Amplifiers
Series & Parallel Resonant Circuits & their Bandwidth
Analysis of Single Tuned Amplifiers
Analysis of Double Tuned Amplifiers
Primary & Secondary Tuned Amplifiers with BJT & FET
Merits and de-merits of Tuned Amplifiers
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Introduction
Band Pass Amplifiers
Series & Parallel Resonant Circuits & their Bandwidth
Analysis of Single Tuned Amplifiers
Analysis of Double Tuned Amplifiers
Primary & Secondary Tuned Amplifiers with BJT & FET
Merits and de-merits of Tuned Amplifiers
This Presentation is related to multistage amplifiers. different topics related to multistage amplifiers like two stage amplifiers. Two stage RC coupled amplifiers, cascading techniques, CE-CB cascod amplifiers, darlington pair, fet analysis
Tuned Amplifiers : Introduction, Q-Factor, small signal tuned amplifier, capacitance single tuned amplifier, double
tuned amplifiers, effect of cascading single tuned amplifiers on band width, effect of cascading double tuned
amplifiers on band width, staggered tuned amplifiers, stability of tuned amplifiers, wideband amplifiers
Power Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, Class A power Amplifiers and their analysis, Harmonic Distortions,
Class B Push-pull amplifiers and their analysis, Complementary symmetry push pull amplifier, Class AB power
amplifier, Class-C power amplifier, Thermal stability and Heat sinks, Distortion in amplifiers.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Hybrid pi model of a Transistor. And designing of pi model using transistor with internal capacitances & internal resistance default considerations. along with CE short channel current gain with and without load. and also FET analysis its equivalent circuits.in FET analysis we have common source and common drain type of systems along with their equivalent circuits and analysis. capture these images and findout the solution for your hybid pi model high frequncy nature of a transistor. All the best. keep in contact with my linkedin.
A survey on Single Phase to Three Phase Cyclo-Converter fed Induction MotorIJSRD
In various application of electrical energy especially in in industrial areas there are two type of current, Direct Current and Alternating Current are used. Generally fixed voltage, constant frequency Single-Phase or Three-Phase AC is easily available, yet for different applications various types of magnitudes and/or frequencies are essential. This paper presents a survey on 1-̉ۢ to 3-̉ۢ cycloconverter technique using thyristor with 3-̉ۢ induction motor along load frequency analysis. The cycloconverter is inspected in its utmost straight forward form without further output filters or elaborate control technique.
Electrical Engineering is the Branch of Engineering. Electrical Engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including Thermal and Hydraulics Prime Movers, Analog Electronic Circuits, Network Analysis and Synthesis, DC Machines and Transformers, Digital Electronic Circuits, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Control System Engineering, Engineering Electromagnetics, Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Ekeeda offers Online Mechanical Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus Visit : https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/stream/Electrical-Engineering
This Presentation is related to multistage amplifiers. different topics related to multistage amplifiers like two stage amplifiers. Two stage RC coupled amplifiers, cascading techniques, CE-CB cascod amplifiers, darlington pair, fet analysis
Tuned Amplifiers : Introduction, Q-Factor, small signal tuned amplifier, capacitance single tuned amplifier, double
tuned amplifiers, effect of cascading single tuned amplifiers on band width, effect of cascading double tuned
amplifiers on band width, staggered tuned amplifiers, stability of tuned amplifiers, wideband amplifiers
Power Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, Class A power Amplifiers and their analysis, Harmonic Distortions,
Class B Push-pull amplifiers and their analysis, Complementary symmetry push pull amplifier, Class AB power
amplifier, Class-C power amplifier, Thermal stability and Heat sinks, Distortion in amplifiers.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Hybrid pi model of a Transistor. And designing of pi model using transistor with internal capacitances & internal resistance default considerations. along with CE short channel current gain with and without load. and also FET analysis its equivalent circuits.in FET analysis we have common source and common drain type of systems along with their equivalent circuits and analysis. capture these images and findout the solution for your hybid pi model high frequncy nature of a transistor. All the best. keep in contact with my linkedin.
A survey on Single Phase to Three Phase Cyclo-Converter fed Induction MotorIJSRD
In various application of electrical energy especially in in industrial areas there are two type of current, Direct Current and Alternating Current are used. Generally fixed voltage, constant frequency Single-Phase or Three-Phase AC is easily available, yet for different applications various types of magnitudes and/or frequencies are essential. This paper presents a survey on 1-̉ۢ to 3-̉ۢ cycloconverter technique using thyristor with 3-̉ۢ induction motor along load frequency analysis. The cycloconverter is inspected in its utmost straight forward form without further output filters or elaborate control technique.
Electrical Engineering is the Branch of Engineering. Electrical Engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including Thermal and Hydraulics Prime Movers, Analog Electronic Circuits, Network Analysis and Synthesis, DC Machines and Transformers, Digital Electronic Circuits, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Control System Engineering, Engineering Electromagnetics, Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Ekeeda offers Online Mechanical Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus Visit : https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/stream/Electrical-Engineering
Modified Bidirectional Converter with Current Fed InverterIJPEDS-IAES
A bidirectional dc-dc converter with multiple outputs are concatenated with a
high frequency current source parallel resonant push pull inverter is
presented in this paper. The two outputs are added together and it is taken as
the input source for the inverter. The current source parallel resonant push
pull inverter implemented here with high frequency applications like
induction heating, Fluorescent lighting, Digital signal processing sonar. This
paper proposes a simple photovoltaic power system consists of a
bidirectional converter and a current fed inverter for regulating the load
variations. Solar power is used as the input source for the system. Simulation
of the proposed system is carried out in PSIM software and experimentally
verified the results.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based High Frequency Link AC-AC Converter For Voltage ...IJTET Journal
Abstract—In this paper, an advanced high frequency link AC-AC Push-pull cycloconverter for the voltage compensation is proposed in order to maintain the power quality in electric grid. The proposed methodology can be achieve arbitrary output voltage without using large energy storage elements. So that the system is more steadfast and less costly compared with the conventional inverter topology. Additionally, the proposed converter does not contain any line frequency transformer, which reduces the cost further. The control scheme for the push pull cycloconverter employs the fuzzy logic controller based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) to accomplish better performance on voltage compensation, like unbalanced voltage harmonics elimination. The simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed high frequency link AC-AC converter and fuzzy logic controller based SPWM technology
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
This paper proposed a new sparce matrix converter with Z-source network to provide unity voltage transfer ratio. It is an ac-to-ac converter with diode-IGBT bidirectional switches. The limitations of existing matrix converter like higher current THD and less voltage transfer ratio issues are overcome by this proposed matrix converter by inserting a Z-source. Due to this Z-source current harmonics are totally removed. The simulation is performed for different frequencies. The simulation results are presented to verify the THD and voltage transfer ratio and compared with the existing virtual AC/DC/AC matrix converter. The experimental output voltage amplitude can be varied with the variable frequencies.
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Various Resonant Converters for high voltage and high power applications have been designed. Different Topologies of LLC, LCC, and CLL Resonant Converters have been simulated and compared for the same input voltage. The simulation was done at a very high frequency. The Output Power and the Efficiency of all the three Resonant Converters were calculated.With the results, it has been proved that LCC Resonant Converters were very much suited to give an output voltage of around 62 Kilovolts with a output power of 20 kilowatts.
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
The paper addresses the importance of welding design to prevent corrosion at steel. Welding is
used to join pipe, profiles at bridges, spindle, and a lot more part of engineering construction. The
problems happened associated with welding are common issues in these fields, especially corrosion.
Corrosion can be reduced with many methods, they are painting, controlling humidity, and also good
welding design. In the research, it can be found that reducing residual stress on the welding can be
solved in corrosion rate reduction problem.
Preheating on 500oC and 600oC give better condition to reduce corosion rate than condition after
preheating 400oC. For all welding groove type, material with 500oC and 600oC preheating after 14 days
corrosion test is 0,5%-0,69% lost. Material with 400oC preheating after 14 days corrosion test is 0,57%-0,76%
lost.
Welding groove also influence corrosion rate. X and V type welding groove give better condition to reduce
corrosion rate than use 1/2V and 1/2 X welding groove. After 14 days corrosion test, the samples with
X welding groove type is 0,5%-0,57% lost. The samples with V welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is
0,51%-0,59% lost. The samples with 1/2V and 1/2X welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is 0,58%-
0,71% lost.
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Seismic Drift Consideration in soft storied RCC buildings: A Critical ReviewIJERD Editor
Reinforced concrete frame buildings are becoming increasingly common in urban India. Many such
buildings constructed in recent times have a special feature – the ground storey is left open for the purpose of
parking, i.e., columns in the ground floor do not have any partition walls (of either masonry or
Reinforced concrete) between them. Such buildings are often called open ground storey buildings. The
relative horizontal displacement in the ground storey is much larger than storeys above it. The total horizontal
earthquake force it can carry in the ground storey is significantly smaller than storeys above it. The soft or weak
storey may exist at any storey level other than ground storey level. The presence of walls in upper storeys
makes them much stiffer than the open ground storey. Still Multi storey reinforced concrete buildings are
continuing to be built in India which has open ground storeys. It is imperative to know the behavior of
soft storey building to the seismic load for designing various retrofit strategies. Hence it is important to
study and understand the response of such buildings and make such buildings earthquake resistant based
on the study to prevent their collapse and to save the loss of life and property.
Post processing of SLM Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in accordance with AMS 4928 standardsIJERD Editor
This Research work was done to find out the impact of AMS 4928 standard heat treatment on
Selective Laser Melted (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 alloy. Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 is an Extra Low Interstitial
version of Ti alloy with lower impurities and is α+β type alloy at room temperature. SLM is one type of method
in Additive Manufacturing based on Powder bed system. Each powder layer of few microns is coated and a laser
beam is scanned to melt the metal powder according to the specification of the part and subsequently moved
downwards layer by layer. The test coupons were first heat treated according to the above mentioned standard.
The tensile testing and the microstructural analysis were done to compare the results with that of mentioned in
the AMS 4928.The yield stress andPercentage elongation in the test coupons achieved are better than the
minimum requirement by AMS 4928 standard. Coarse lamellar grain structures were obtained with no
continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered Quality
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circuits.
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 11, Issue 8 (August 2015), PP.45-50
45
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using
Different Tank Circuits.
Aakar Mehul Sheth, Prof. Hiren Patel, Prof. Ruchit Soni
B.E. Electrical & Electronics Engg. Electrical & Electronics Dept.Electrical & Electronics Dept.
Indus University, Ahmedabad Indus University, Ahmedabad Indus University, Ahmedabad
Abstract:- LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool.
Keywords:- LLC(Inductor Inductor Capacitor), ZCS(Zero Current Switching), Resonance, variable frequency
converter, Control Circuit, Supply Circuit, Dead band Circuit, Driver Circuit, IGBT circuit board, High
frequency rectifier and filter, IR1(Load Current), VR1(Load Voltage).
I. INTRODUCTION
This particular converter plays an important role in the rectification of ac supply where firstly, an ac
waveform will be rectified through a converter while the rectified waveform that is obtained will be supplied
into the Inverter circuit containing IGBT as switch. There are two similar pairs of IGBT’s which allows the
inversion process, but two entirely different cycles of operation are carried in this process. This particular entire
operation is followed by a LLC tank circuit, where resonance plays its part and again through a H.F.
Transformer the pulse is given to the H.F. Rectifier for obtaining a perfect o/p. Here, the design of the converter
is basically with respect to variable frequency up to 5kHz and the design is basically for a 500W converter with
highest efficiency.
Block Diagram
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram associated with the exact model. It’s description starts with the single
phase bridge rectifier, as is fed from the single phase sinusoidal supply and it will be converted into uncontrolled
DC supply. This particular dc supply is then fed into the Full Bridge Inverter circuit which goes into the LLC
tank circuit and hence the sinusoidal wave gets modified through the given tank circuit characteristics. This
wave is then stepped down with the help of the H.F. Transformer and in order to obtain a pulsating d.c. We put
it through the H.f. Rectifier. But, in order to get a unidirectional d.c. Pulse we use a H.F. Capacitor filter through
which we get the exact and desired supply.
2. Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circuits.
46
Fig: 1 Block Diagram of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Tank Circuit [5]
II. RESONANT CONVERTER DESIGN.
A. Design Configurations:
The design criteria of 500W resonant frequency converter is described in this section. The exact value
of output voltages and currents are stated below considering the Indian Standard Electricity Rules.
For a 500w (dc-dc) converter [1]:
Here, we want o/p voltage=100V, o/p current=5A
Hence; here we have chosen a 230V dc source.
Now; taking in consideration regulation of +/-10% according to standard Indian electricity rules.
Vmin=186V dc, Vmax=227V dc
Hence; considering a dc voltage source of 200V. By this, N2/N1=Turns of step down transformer
=2:1 ….ANS(1)
Here, we have taken nominal values of m= 6.3 & Qmax= 0.4. Now, having to design the ckt.
Considering calculation of resonant induction & capacitor.
Qmax=ROOT(Lr/Cr)/Rac …..(1) fr=1/2*3.14*ROOT(LrCr) …..(2)
Solving both these equation we get the value of Lr=70uH, Lm=600uH, Cr=1000uF........ANS(2)
Where; Lm=Lr+Lm/Lr …….(3)
Here; fs=5kHz, fr=600Hz...........ANS(3)
Hence, varying the value of frequency from 5 kHz to 600 Hz we get following above waveform [1]
III. SIMULATION RESULTS:
The given figures show the exact simulation results from step to step conversion. Simulation is carried
out using PSIM 6.0 Software tool. Each simulation is represented with its corresponding waveform.. Entire
simulation can be described in steps below.
Specifications:
Input voltage-230V ± 10%, 50 Hz,
Output voltage- 100V
Output current- 5A
Output Power- 500W
Switching Frequency- 600Hz to 5kHz
Lr=70uH, Lm=600uH, Cr=1000uF
A. AC-DC Rectifier Simulation With Its Waveforms.
This circuit mainly consists of 4 diodes and hence forms an uncontrollable rectifier circuits whereby
the load current and the load voltage is depicted through the wave forms. Here by the source of ac is
230 V ac which is then converted into pulsating dc of approximately 200 V and 2 A.
3. Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circuits.
47
Fig: 2(a) AC-DC Rectifier Fig: 2(b)Waveform: VR1-Up to 200V & IR1- Up to
2A
Pulsating voltage and current as filter not inculcated.
B. AC-DC Rectifier Simulation With Added Filter and Its Simulation.
This circuit mainly consists of 4 diodes and hence forms an uncontrollable rectifier circuits whereby
the load current and the load voltage is depicted through the wave forms. Here by the source of ac is 230 V ac
which is then converted into pulsating dc of approximately 200 V and 2 A. The only difference of the above and
the below circuit is the addition of a filter in the form of an inductor to obtain unidirectional dc.
Fig: 3(a) AC-DC Filter Ckt. Fig: 3(b) Waveform: VR1 & IR1. Filter is inculcated.
C. Dead Band Circuit Implementation Using NAND Gate.
The basic circuit associated with the dead time generator is shown below which mainly consists of a
combination of resistor and capacitor alon with a Gate [3]
Fig: 4(a) Dead Time Generator.
Input side square pulse S1 is applied. During ON time of input pulse Capacitor C will charge through
resistor R. In OFF condition the Capacitor will discharge through resistor R. So discharging signal will reduce.
By AND Gate signal S1 and S2, delay in rise time will generate. Here, time delay calculations are a s follows:
Time Delay = R* C = 5K * 470P = .
4. Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circuits.
48
Fig: 4(b) Waveforms Of Dead Time Generator.
Through the below simulation we prove the above given fact of obtaining a dead band of 2 micro seconds by
making the use of NAND gate, resistors and capacitors.
Fig: 4(c) Dead Band Circuit Fig: 4(d)Wave forms: V1 & V2. Rising Edge & Falling Edge.
D. Full Bridge Resonant Lag Inverter
This simulation consists of the 2nd stage in the converter whereby the unidirectional dc is converted
into further ac with the help of tank circuit i.e. Vs lagging behind the Vp and also the current lags wrt the
voltage as we can see in the 2nd
waveform. Here, we see that the capacitor has a particular position due to which
the particular phenomenon is taking place. The waveform of simulation indicates the following phenomenon.
Fig: 5(a) Full bridge Lag Inverter Fig: 5(b) Waveforms: Vs & Vp.
5. Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circuits.
49
E. Full Bridge Resonant Lead Converter.
This simulation consists of the 2nd stage in the converter whereby the unidirectional dc is converted
into further ac with the help of tank circuit i.e. the current leads wrt the voltage as we can see in the 2nd
waveform. Here, we see that the capacitor has a particular position due to which the particular phenomenon is
taking place. The waveform of simulation indicates the following phenomenon.
Fig:6(a) Full bridge resonance inverter(lead) Fig: 6(b)Waveform-Vs&Vp Along With Ic and Vp.
F. Regular Dc-Dc Converter Design With 5KHz Frequency
This converter basically displays the last stage of innovation where we see the use of LLC tank circuit
and after the implementation of leading and lagging inverters we make this particular simulation for a broader
prospect where we see that a filter is also used on the secondary side of the transformer to obtain a voltage of
about 200V and 5 A current.
Fig: 2(e) Basic Converter design with 5kHz freq. Wave forms: Vout & Iout, where Vout=app 200V , Iout=5A
Here, as per the given simulations and their waveforms we can see the step by step formation of the
basic converter which basically starts from the full bridge
rectifier and hence according to the format it continues on. Here, we basically get a 500 W converter with
Voltage values of approximately 100V and current value reaching to about 5A. The basic problem faced in
constructing and simulating this converter is the calculation values of tank circuit. The frequency factor also
played an important role as we have designed a variable frequency converter.
IV. CONCLUSION
The background regarding various aspects of Resonant frequency converter was studied. The carrier
based project was simulated on PSIM. Hardware ckt contains of two types of main ckt i.e. Control Ckt &
Supply Ckt..The control ckt consists of 555 timer & IGBT s work as switching device. Hence a better efficient
system has been developed .The final output is a prototype model & simulation models are as similar as possible.
Basically, a regulation of +/- 10% is achieved whereby we also achieve a variable frequency from 600Hz to
5kHz whereby we can vary the speed of an adjusted load in the form of a motor by varying the given frequency.
Hence, induction furnace and variable speed motors can be adjusted as a load to this system as an application.
6. Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circuits.
50
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
A Research Paper is one the important factors for an engineering student as well as a Professor.
Teaching students is a hard enough job, but it is even harder to inspire them to teach themselves. We take this
opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our head of the department Prof. S P Yadav and our college staff
for sparing their valuable time for us. .We would express our he-artful thanks to all the honorable persons f or
encouraging us. We also thank t he electrical & electronics department staff as well as the lab assistance for
their kind co-operation.
REFERENCE:
[1]. Infineon Notes Of LLC Resonant Converter Topologies.
[2]. Resonant Mode Converter Topologies. (TEXAS INSTRUMENTS)
[3]. I.C.A By Gaekwad
[4]. Resonant Frequency Converters Vol. 1,2,3
[5]. Fundamental Electronics by P.S Bhimbra
[6]. Power Electronics by Muhammad Rashid.
[7]. J.Takahashi, H.Takano “A state-of-the-art 50kw-10khz soft-switching assisted PWM dc-dc converter
for x-ray power generator”, IEEE Power Convergence Conference vol. 3, pp. 165–170. April 1993.
[8]. W. Lu, X.Wu, L. Zhengyu, Z. Qian, “Wide input voltage isolated dc-dc converter with interleaving
control”, power electronics motion control conference, pp.94-99, Aug.2006.
[9]. L.Umanand, S.R.Bhat, “Design of magnetic components for switched mode power converters”,Wiley
Eastern Limited”, 2nd Edison, India, pp.1–3,1992
[10]. A .I. Pressman,“Switching power supply design.”The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2nd Edison, India, pp.
37–104,1999