This document contains information about daylighting calculations and design for several spaces in a library building, including a children's activity area and bookstore. It also includes calculations for artificial lighting and acoustic design.
The initial children's activity area design did not meet the minimum illuminance requirements from standards. The opening was adjusted larger to achieve an illuminance of 670 lux. Artificial lighting calculations were also provided to ensure adequate lighting at all times.
Daylight factor calculations showed the bookstore space achieved the recommended 1000 lux minimum on clear days. Artificial lighting was included as backup for cloudy days. Reverberation time calculations confirmed the bookstore design met standards for an office space.
Lighting and acoustic
Building Science 2 Project 2 Calculation and SolutionTeng Chun
This document provides daylighting and artificial lighting calculations and analyses for various spaces in a library building based on MS 1525 standards.
The daylighting analysis calculates daylight factors for children's activity area and informal reading area, finding that initial designs did not meet the 3-6% illuminance requirement. Openings were adjusted to achieve optimum illuminance levels.
Artificial lighting calculations using the lumen method determine the number of light fixtures needed in administrative office, meeting room, and children's activity area to meet the minimum illuminance requirements. Reverberation time calculations confirm the administrative office meets the ideal 0.8-1.2 second requirement. Motion and daylight sensors are proposed to make lighting systems more effective.
This document discusses lighting design for two spaces - an indoor reading room and gallery cafeteria - in a community library project. It analyzes daylighting factors and artificial lighting needs for both spaces based on Malaysian standards. For the reading room, the daylight factor is calculated as 4% and artificial lighting specifications are provided for 33 ceiling mounted LED panels arranged in 3 rows. For the cafeteria, the daylight factor is 2.67% and 49 downlights arranged in 7 rows are specified. Diagrams show daylight contours and permanent supplementary artificial lighting schemes for both spaces.
This document provides lighting calculations for two spaces - Space A and Space B - in a community library. For Space A, a semi-open air reading area, the document calculates the daylight factor and determines that the space has adequate uniform daylighting of 3.4% for an illuminance of 680 lux. It then calculates the artificial lighting needs, determining that 36 LED lamps in a 8x5 layout will provide the required 400 lux illuminance for reading. For Space B, an outdoor reading area, similar daylighting and artificial lighting calculations are provided to achieve the required 300 lux illuminance for reading.
The document provides calculations to analyze lighting and acoustic conditions for two areas - the plants study area and limited edition section - of the Sentul Community Library. For lighting, it calculates daylight factor and artificial lighting requirements for both spaces based on Malaysian standards. It determines that the plants study area has good natural light but may experience glare, while the limited edition section lacks sufficient daylight. For acoustics, it measures external noise levels for the limited edition section during peak and non-peak hours.
This document contains a lighting analysis report for a community library design project located on Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes daylight factor calculations for the cafe and gallery spaces, as well as artificial lighting calculations for the computer lab, individual study pods, and main library book collection area. The report evaluates the lighting levels based on Malaysian standards and recommends design changes such as increasing the number or lumen output of lighting fixtures to meet the recommended illuminance levels for different space types.
The lumen method is a widely used lighting design method that calculates illumination levels based on the total lumens output of lamps, the utilization factor, and maintenance factor. It can be used to either check or directly design a lighting scheme. Two example problems are provided to demonstrate how to use the method to calculate the number of lamps needed based on the desired illumination level and room area. The watts-per-square-foot method involves multiplying the room area by recommended wattages per square foot to determine total lighting power needs. Two example problems apply this method to determine the number of luminaires required.
The document discusses lighting analysis methods and calculations. It provides definitions for daylight factor and natural illumination levels. It also gives fixture properties for two types of lights - a 40W LED commercial pendant light and a 2000lm 28W slim downlight. Calculations are shown for determining the number of lights needed for a kids corner and admin office space using the lumen method. For the admin office, 15 40W pendants are required arranged in 5 rows of 3 lights each. For the kids corner, 12 of the same pendants arranged in 4 rows of 3 lights are sufficient while avoiding strong lighting.
This document analyzes the lighting, acoustics, and noise levels of a proposed silent reading area and admin office. For the silent area, daylight factor calculations show good natural lighting levels but potential glare issues. Artificial lighting calculations determine 28 downlights are needed. Sound pressure level measurements exceed requirements, but double layered glass and acoustic panels are proposed to mitigate noise. Reverberation time and sound reduction index calculations are also provided to analyze acoustics. For the admin office, daylight is determined to be fair but not adequate, requiring 8 downlights for artificial lighting. Analyses of lighting and acoustics are also provided to ensure compliance with standards.
Building Science 2 Project 2 Calculation and SolutionTeng Chun
This document provides daylighting and artificial lighting calculations and analyses for various spaces in a library building based on MS 1525 standards.
The daylighting analysis calculates daylight factors for children's activity area and informal reading area, finding that initial designs did not meet the 3-6% illuminance requirement. Openings were adjusted to achieve optimum illuminance levels.
Artificial lighting calculations using the lumen method determine the number of light fixtures needed in administrative office, meeting room, and children's activity area to meet the minimum illuminance requirements. Reverberation time calculations confirm the administrative office meets the ideal 0.8-1.2 second requirement. Motion and daylight sensors are proposed to make lighting systems more effective.
This document discusses lighting design for two spaces - an indoor reading room and gallery cafeteria - in a community library project. It analyzes daylighting factors and artificial lighting needs for both spaces based on Malaysian standards. For the reading room, the daylight factor is calculated as 4% and artificial lighting specifications are provided for 33 ceiling mounted LED panels arranged in 3 rows. For the cafeteria, the daylight factor is 2.67% and 49 downlights arranged in 7 rows are specified. Diagrams show daylight contours and permanent supplementary artificial lighting schemes for both spaces.
This document provides lighting calculations for two spaces - Space A and Space B - in a community library. For Space A, a semi-open air reading area, the document calculates the daylight factor and determines that the space has adequate uniform daylighting of 3.4% for an illuminance of 680 lux. It then calculates the artificial lighting needs, determining that 36 LED lamps in a 8x5 layout will provide the required 400 lux illuminance for reading. For Space B, an outdoor reading area, similar daylighting and artificial lighting calculations are provided to achieve the required 300 lux illuminance for reading.
The document provides calculations to analyze lighting and acoustic conditions for two areas - the plants study area and limited edition section - of the Sentul Community Library. For lighting, it calculates daylight factor and artificial lighting requirements for both spaces based on Malaysian standards. It determines that the plants study area has good natural light but may experience glare, while the limited edition section lacks sufficient daylight. For acoustics, it measures external noise levels for the limited edition section during peak and non-peak hours.
This document contains a lighting analysis report for a community library design project located on Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes daylight factor calculations for the cafe and gallery spaces, as well as artificial lighting calculations for the computer lab, individual study pods, and main library book collection area. The report evaluates the lighting levels based on Malaysian standards and recommends design changes such as increasing the number or lumen output of lighting fixtures to meet the recommended illuminance levels for different space types.
The lumen method is a widely used lighting design method that calculates illumination levels based on the total lumens output of lamps, the utilization factor, and maintenance factor. It can be used to either check or directly design a lighting scheme. Two example problems are provided to demonstrate how to use the method to calculate the number of lamps needed based on the desired illumination level and room area. The watts-per-square-foot method involves multiplying the room area by recommended wattages per square foot to determine total lighting power needs. Two example problems apply this method to determine the number of luminaires required.
The document discusses lighting analysis methods and calculations. It provides definitions for daylight factor and natural illumination levels. It also gives fixture properties for two types of lights - a 40W LED commercial pendant light and a 2000lm 28W slim downlight. Calculations are shown for determining the number of lights needed for a kids corner and admin office space using the lumen method. For the admin office, 15 40W pendants are required arranged in 5 rows of 3 lights each. For the kids corner, 12 of the same pendants arranged in 4 rows of 3 lights are sufficient while avoiding strong lighting.
This document analyzes the lighting, acoustics, and noise levels of a proposed silent reading area and admin office. For the silent area, daylight factor calculations show good natural lighting levels but potential glare issues. Artificial lighting calculations determine 28 downlights are needed. Sound pressure level measurements exceed requirements, but double layered glass and acoustic panels are proposed to mitigate noise. Reverberation time and sound reduction index calculations are also provided to analyze acoustics. For the admin office, daylight is determined to be fair but not adequate, requiring 8 downlights for artificial lighting. Analyses of lighting and acoustics are also provided to ensure compliance with standards.
This document provides a lighting analysis and design for two spaces in a proposed community library located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. For a meeting area on the second floor, the daylight factor is calculated to be 5.0%, providing 1000 lux of natural light. 35 LED recessed luminaires arranged in 6 rows are proposed to provide artificial lighting above the 300 lux minimum standard. For an exhibition hall, the daylight factor is 5.4% and natural light is 1080 lux. 15 LED track lights arranged in 4 rows are proposed to provide 300 lux of artificial lighting. Both spaces meet the natural and artificial lighting requirements of Malaysian standards.
This document summarizes lighting design proposals for two spaces within a community library - a children's reading area and a computer room. For the reading area, daylight calculations show a good daylight factor of 5.31% from large windows. LED recessed lights are proposed to supplement daylight as needed. For the computer room, daylight calculations show a good factor of 6.91% from three glass panels, helping to avoid eye strain. Suspended direct-indirect fluorescent luminaires are proposed to provide balanced ambient and task lighting as needed.
This document provides a lighting integration project for an urban infill library in Jalan TAR. It includes a site analysis, floor plans, daylight factor and artificial lighting calculations for the IT room located on the fifth floor. For the IT room, the daylight factor is calculated to be 6.2% providing a natural illumination of 1240 lux, meeting the requirements. The artificial lighting layout and calculations show that 12 LED linear suspension fixtures will provide between 320-440 lux of lighting, meeting standards. The PSALI design allows different zones of fixtures to be switched on based on daylight levels.
This document discusses the coefficient of utilization (CU), which is a factor used to determine the efficiency of a lighting fixture in delivering light for a specific application. The CU is determined as the ratio of light output from the luminaire that reaches the workplane compared to the total light output of the lamps. Factors like the luminaire design, geometry of the space, and surface reflectances influence the CU. To calculate the CU for a space, you determine cavity ratios, effective ceiling and floor reflectances, and select the appropriate CU value from the luminaire manufacturer's data based on the room cavity ratio. An example calculation is provided.
1) The document discusses daylight factor calculations for two spaces - a book collection area and cafe area. For the book collection area, the daylight factor is 22.34% which is higher than recommended due to its location near a skylight. For the cafe, the daylight factor is 8.6%.
2) Artificial lighting calculations are provided for two spaces - a digital room and study room. For the digital room, 23 fluorescent lights are needed in a 3x4 layout. For the study room, 14 LED downlights are needed in a 6 row layout.
3) Permanent supplementary lighting calculations are shown for a reading area and cafe. The reading area needs 19 LED wraparound lights in an
This document discusses using light sensing with the micro:bit. It begins by explaining light measurement units and light sensing components. It then covers how to sense light levels using the LEDs on the micro:bit by switching them to analog inputs. Two practice exercises are described - an automatic night light that adjusts brightness based on light levels, and a face-changing display that shows different icons when light is blocked from the LEDs.
This document summarizes lighting and acoustic analyses for spaces in a contemporary food market design project. It includes:
1. Lighting proposals for three spaces analyzing natural daylighting and calculating artificial lighting needs.
2. Acoustic proposals calculating external noise levels and sound transmission losses between spaces.
3. Appendices and references to support the lighting and acoustic analyses and meet project requirements.
The document discusses the lighting and acoustic design of a quiet study room and reading room located in a new library building.
The quiet study room receives sufficient natural light from windows facing northwest, providing a daylight factor of 6.3% and illumination of 1260 lux. Artificial lights consisting of 30 downlights are installed to ensure uniform lighting of 300 lux.
The reading room located on the first floor receives a daylight factor of 3.8% and illumination of 760 lux from a double volume space. Six luminaires provide uniform artificial light, with switches controlling lights separately from daylight. Reverberation time in the study room was reduced from 1.36 to 0.85 seconds by adding carpet, meeting comfort standards.
The document discusses using a micro:bit for light sensing applications. It explains how the micro:bit can sense light levels using its LEDs as photodiodes. When an LED pin is set as an analog input, the voltage measured corresponds to the ambient light level. Two example projects are described - an automatic night light that adjusts its brightness based on light levels, and a magic face panel display that changes expressions when the LED is covered and uncovered.
3.7 calculation of tristimulus values from measured reflectance valuesQC Labs
1) The document discusses measured reflectance (Rλ) values, which represent the fraction of light reflected by a sample at each wavelength, and how these values are independent of the light source used to measure them.
2) It explains that to calculate the actual amount of light reflected at each wavelength, the measured Rλ values need to be multiplied by the energy (Eλ) of the light source at that wavelength.
3) The total amount of light reflected across the visible spectrum is calculated by summing the amounts reflected (Eλ x Rλ) at each wavelength between 380-760nm.
This document describes the design and operation of a DIY spectrometer built using an improvised concave diffraction grating. Light enters through a slit and is separated by wavelength when reflected off the grating. Each wavelength is focused onto a linear sensor array, which records the intensity. An Arduino microcontroller interprets the sensor data and sends it to a computer program that displays a spectrum graph in real-time. The spectrometer can characterize various light sources across ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths, including LEDs, fluorescent lamps, and white light sources. Further improvements are suggested to refine the device and add calibration features.
This project aims to design a community library in Medan Pasar, Malaysia using natural lighting strategies and an electrical lighting system that meets illumination requirements. Daylighting analysis was conducted using computer modeling software to ensure efficient natural light distribution throughout the spaces. Artificial lighting was also analyzed using the lumen method and PSALI calculations to determine lighting fixture types, placements, and quantities needed to achieve the recommended 300-500 lux for reading areas and 400 lux for the cafeteria. The analyses found a minimum of 13 fixtures were needed for the individual reading area and 17 fixtures for the larger cafeteria space. Section diagrams show the integrated natural and artificial lighting designs meet illumination standards.
The document discusses astrophysics concepts related to stellar radiation and stellar types. It explains that fusion is the main energy source of stars, and describes the proton-proton chain reaction that powers stars like the Sun. It defines luminosity and apparent brightness, and explains how the Stefan-Boltzmann law relates these properties to a star's surface temperature and radius. The document also discusses Wein's law, stellar classification, and how spectroscopy can reveal properties of binary star systems and provide information about a star's chemical composition and physical characteristics.
2nd semester 3rd class a optics lab exam 2013Qahtan Al-zaidi
1. The document is an optics laboratory note for a physics class at Baghdad University that provides 12 questions on topics in optics.
2. The questions cover concepts like Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, diffraction grating calculations, Michelson interferometer principles, Malus' law, Newton's rings experiment analysis, and definitions of optical phenomena like optical activity.
3. Students are instructed to answer 7 of the 12 questions in detail for the lab assignment.
1. The document analyzes the daylighting and artificial lighting for two spaces (Spaces A and B) in a learning center building project.
2. Daylighting analysis found that Space A achieved the minimum daylight factor but certain areas would be too dark without artificial lighting.
3. Artificial lighting calculations and designs were provided for both spaces to meet the 300 lux illuminance standard, utilizing fluorescent lights for Space A and LED lights for Space B.
4. The analysis helped identify design flaws and strategies to control glare, and ensured the lighting designs were suitable for the space activities and achieved lighting standards.
Fox m quantum_optics_an_introduction_photon antibunching1Gabriel O'Brien
This chapter discusses photon antibunching and the Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiments which helped develop modern quantum optics. It introduces the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) which can be used to classify light as antibunched, coherent, or bunched. The chapter then discusses how the Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiments measured intensity fluctuations in light beams and how this led to defining g(2)(τ). It explores how g(2)(τ) can take different values for classical versus quantum light, with antibunched light only possible due to quantum effects.
Luminance describes the amount of light emitted from or reflected by a surface, measured in candela per square meter. It relates to the light perceived by the human eye. Luminous flux is a measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source across all directions, measured in lumens. Luminous intensity refers to the directional emission of visible light from a source per unit solid angle, measured in candelas. Illuminance describes the amount of light falling on a surface area and is measured in lux, relating to human perception of brightness, though brightness specifically refers to visual sensations rather than light measurements.
This document provides lighting design proposals for two spaces (Space A and Space B) in a community library. For Space A, a quiet reading area, it analyzes daylighting and recommends recessed round LED lights to provide 150 lux. For Space B, a lounge, it also analyzes daylighting and recommends suspended direct-indirect fluorescent luminaires to light the space. Both spaces require light shielding like blinds to control the high daylight factors calculated.
1. The document is the final exam for optics lab in the physics department at Baghdad University on May 14, 2012.
2. It contains 13 questions about topics in optics, including diffraction, interference, polarization, and applications of optics principles.
3. Students are instructed to only answer 10 questions from Group A of the exam.
The document contains descriptions of several different physics experiments involving topics like diffraction, interference, refraction, polarization, and photovoltaic cells. The experiments involve measuring properties like slit width, refractive index, wavelength, focal length, zone plate radius, fringe spacing, optical activity, grating line spacing, and light transmission to calculate unknown values using physics equations. Precise measurements are required to be taken of distances, angles, or number of fringes observed to determine values like wavelength, thickness, or refractive index.
The document provides details about the fire protection system analysis of Heriot Watt University. It describes the various components of the active fire protection system including smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual call points, fire alarm panels and bells. Smoke detectors are placed on ceilings of every floor to detect smoke spread. Heat detectors contain a heat sensitive alloy that triggers alarms at 58°C. Manual call points and fireman switches allow manual activation. The fire alarm panel receives signals and bells alert occupants. Components work together to quickly detect fires and activate alarms and suppression systems to protect the building according to fire codes.
This document provides information about the Cal UAS Portal project at Inyokern Airport in California. Some key points:
- Cal UAS is competing to be one of 6 FAA-designated test sites for research into integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace.
- The site in Inyokern offers infrastructure like hangars, labs, and restricted airspace well-suited for UAS research.
- Research focus areas include safety, command and control, sense and avoid technologies, environmental impacts, and integration with air traffic control.
- Partners include universities, industry, and the nearby China Lake naval base, offering opportunities for collaboration.
This document provides a lighting analysis and design for two spaces in a proposed community library located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. For a meeting area on the second floor, the daylight factor is calculated to be 5.0%, providing 1000 lux of natural light. 35 LED recessed luminaires arranged in 6 rows are proposed to provide artificial lighting above the 300 lux minimum standard. For an exhibition hall, the daylight factor is 5.4% and natural light is 1080 lux. 15 LED track lights arranged in 4 rows are proposed to provide 300 lux of artificial lighting. Both spaces meet the natural and artificial lighting requirements of Malaysian standards.
This document summarizes lighting design proposals for two spaces within a community library - a children's reading area and a computer room. For the reading area, daylight calculations show a good daylight factor of 5.31% from large windows. LED recessed lights are proposed to supplement daylight as needed. For the computer room, daylight calculations show a good factor of 6.91% from three glass panels, helping to avoid eye strain. Suspended direct-indirect fluorescent luminaires are proposed to provide balanced ambient and task lighting as needed.
This document provides a lighting integration project for an urban infill library in Jalan TAR. It includes a site analysis, floor plans, daylight factor and artificial lighting calculations for the IT room located on the fifth floor. For the IT room, the daylight factor is calculated to be 6.2% providing a natural illumination of 1240 lux, meeting the requirements. The artificial lighting layout and calculations show that 12 LED linear suspension fixtures will provide between 320-440 lux of lighting, meeting standards. The PSALI design allows different zones of fixtures to be switched on based on daylight levels.
This document discusses the coefficient of utilization (CU), which is a factor used to determine the efficiency of a lighting fixture in delivering light for a specific application. The CU is determined as the ratio of light output from the luminaire that reaches the workplane compared to the total light output of the lamps. Factors like the luminaire design, geometry of the space, and surface reflectances influence the CU. To calculate the CU for a space, you determine cavity ratios, effective ceiling and floor reflectances, and select the appropriate CU value from the luminaire manufacturer's data based on the room cavity ratio. An example calculation is provided.
1) The document discusses daylight factor calculations for two spaces - a book collection area and cafe area. For the book collection area, the daylight factor is 22.34% which is higher than recommended due to its location near a skylight. For the cafe, the daylight factor is 8.6%.
2) Artificial lighting calculations are provided for two spaces - a digital room and study room. For the digital room, 23 fluorescent lights are needed in a 3x4 layout. For the study room, 14 LED downlights are needed in a 6 row layout.
3) Permanent supplementary lighting calculations are shown for a reading area and cafe. The reading area needs 19 LED wraparound lights in an
This document discusses using light sensing with the micro:bit. It begins by explaining light measurement units and light sensing components. It then covers how to sense light levels using the LEDs on the micro:bit by switching them to analog inputs. Two practice exercises are described - an automatic night light that adjusts brightness based on light levels, and a face-changing display that shows different icons when light is blocked from the LEDs.
This document summarizes lighting and acoustic analyses for spaces in a contemporary food market design project. It includes:
1. Lighting proposals for three spaces analyzing natural daylighting and calculating artificial lighting needs.
2. Acoustic proposals calculating external noise levels and sound transmission losses between spaces.
3. Appendices and references to support the lighting and acoustic analyses and meet project requirements.
The document discusses the lighting and acoustic design of a quiet study room and reading room located in a new library building.
The quiet study room receives sufficient natural light from windows facing northwest, providing a daylight factor of 6.3% and illumination of 1260 lux. Artificial lights consisting of 30 downlights are installed to ensure uniform lighting of 300 lux.
The reading room located on the first floor receives a daylight factor of 3.8% and illumination of 760 lux from a double volume space. Six luminaires provide uniform artificial light, with switches controlling lights separately from daylight. Reverberation time in the study room was reduced from 1.36 to 0.85 seconds by adding carpet, meeting comfort standards.
The document discusses using a micro:bit for light sensing applications. It explains how the micro:bit can sense light levels using its LEDs as photodiodes. When an LED pin is set as an analog input, the voltage measured corresponds to the ambient light level. Two example projects are described - an automatic night light that adjusts its brightness based on light levels, and a magic face panel display that changes expressions when the LED is covered and uncovered.
3.7 calculation of tristimulus values from measured reflectance valuesQC Labs
1) The document discusses measured reflectance (Rλ) values, which represent the fraction of light reflected by a sample at each wavelength, and how these values are independent of the light source used to measure them.
2) It explains that to calculate the actual amount of light reflected at each wavelength, the measured Rλ values need to be multiplied by the energy (Eλ) of the light source at that wavelength.
3) The total amount of light reflected across the visible spectrum is calculated by summing the amounts reflected (Eλ x Rλ) at each wavelength between 380-760nm.
This document describes the design and operation of a DIY spectrometer built using an improvised concave diffraction grating. Light enters through a slit and is separated by wavelength when reflected off the grating. Each wavelength is focused onto a linear sensor array, which records the intensity. An Arduino microcontroller interprets the sensor data and sends it to a computer program that displays a spectrum graph in real-time. The spectrometer can characterize various light sources across ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths, including LEDs, fluorescent lamps, and white light sources. Further improvements are suggested to refine the device and add calibration features.
This project aims to design a community library in Medan Pasar, Malaysia using natural lighting strategies and an electrical lighting system that meets illumination requirements. Daylighting analysis was conducted using computer modeling software to ensure efficient natural light distribution throughout the spaces. Artificial lighting was also analyzed using the lumen method and PSALI calculations to determine lighting fixture types, placements, and quantities needed to achieve the recommended 300-500 lux for reading areas and 400 lux for the cafeteria. The analyses found a minimum of 13 fixtures were needed for the individual reading area and 17 fixtures for the larger cafeteria space. Section diagrams show the integrated natural and artificial lighting designs meet illumination standards.
The document discusses astrophysics concepts related to stellar radiation and stellar types. It explains that fusion is the main energy source of stars, and describes the proton-proton chain reaction that powers stars like the Sun. It defines luminosity and apparent brightness, and explains how the Stefan-Boltzmann law relates these properties to a star's surface temperature and radius. The document also discusses Wein's law, stellar classification, and how spectroscopy can reveal properties of binary star systems and provide information about a star's chemical composition and physical characteristics.
2nd semester 3rd class a optics lab exam 2013Qahtan Al-zaidi
1. The document is an optics laboratory note for a physics class at Baghdad University that provides 12 questions on topics in optics.
2. The questions cover concepts like Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, diffraction grating calculations, Michelson interferometer principles, Malus' law, Newton's rings experiment analysis, and definitions of optical phenomena like optical activity.
3. Students are instructed to answer 7 of the 12 questions in detail for the lab assignment.
1. The document analyzes the daylighting and artificial lighting for two spaces (Spaces A and B) in a learning center building project.
2. Daylighting analysis found that Space A achieved the minimum daylight factor but certain areas would be too dark without artificial lighting.
3. Artificial lighting calculations and designs were provided for both spaces to meet the 300 lux illuminance standard, utilizing fluorescent lights for Space A and LED lights for Space B.
4. The analysis helped identify design flaws and strategies to control glare, and ensured the lighting designs were suitable for the space activities and achieved lighting standards.
Fox m quantum_optics_an_introduction_photon antibunching1Gabriel O'Brien
This chapter discusses photon antibunching and the Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiments which helped develop modern quantum optics. It introduces the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) which can be used to classify light as antibunched, coherent, or bunched. The chapter then discusses how the Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiments measured intensity fluctuations in light beams and how this led to defining g(2)(τ). It explores how g(2)(τ) can take different values for classical versus quantum light, with antibunched light only possible due to quantum effects.
Luminance describes the amount of light emitted from or reflected by a surface, measured in candela per square meter. It relates to the light perceived by the human eye. Luminous flux is a measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source across all directions, measured in lumens. Luminous intensity refers to the directional emission of visible light from a source per unit solid angle, measured in candelas. Illuminance describes the amount of light falling on a surface area and is measured in lux, relating to human perception of brightness, though brightness specifically refers to visual sensations rather than light measurements.
This document provides lighting design proposals for two spaces (Space A and Space B) in a community library. For Space A, a quiet reading area, it analyzes daylighting and recommends recessed round LED lights to provide 150 lux. For Space B, a lounge, it also analyzes daylighting and recommends suspended direct-indirect fluorescent luminaires to light the space. Both spaces require light shielding like blinds to control the high daylight factors calculated.
1. The document is the final exam for optics lab in the physics department at Baghdad University on May 14, 2012.
2. It contains 13 questions about topics in optics, including diffraction, interference, polarization, and applications of optics principles.
3. Students are instructed to only answer 10 questions from Group A of the exam.
The document contains descriptions of several different physics experiments involving topics like diffraction, interference, refraction, polarization, and photovoltaic cells. The experiments involve measuring properties like slit width, refractive index, wavelength, focal length, zone plate radius, fringe spacing, optical activity, grating line spacing, and light transmission to calculate unknown values using physics equations. Precise measurements are required to be taken of distances, angles, or number of fringes observed to determine values like wavelength, thickness, or refractive index.
The document provides details about the fire protection system analysis of Heriot Watt University. It describes the various components of the active fire protection system including smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual call points, fire alarm panels and bells. Smoke detectors are placed on ceilings of every floor to detect smoke spread. Heat detectors contain a heat sensitive alloy that triggers alarms at 58°C. Manual call points and fireman switches allow manual activation. The fire alarm panel receives signals and bells alert occupants. Components work together to quickly detect fires and activate alarms and suppression systems to protect the building according to fire codes.
This document provides information about the Cal UAS Portal project at Inyokern Airport in California. Some key points:
- Cal UAS is competing to be one of 6 FAA-designated test sites for research into integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace.
- The site in Inyokern offers infrastructure like hangars, labs, and restricted airspace well-suited for UAS research.
- Research focus areas include safety, command and control, sense and avoid technologies, environmental impacts, and integration with air traffic control.
- Partners include universities, industry, and the nearby China Lake naval base, offering opportunities for collaboration.
The document is a project report for a community service project called "My Community My Commitment" carried out by a group of students. It details the stages of the project which involved identifying issues at a refugee children's education center located in a low-cost apartment. Key issues identified include insufficient bookshelves and storage, poor kitchen and flooring conditions, and lack of benches. The students proposed solutions such as building new bookshelves and cabinets from recycled materials, repairing the kitchen and flooring, and constructing benches from wood and tires. The report documents the work done to address the issues and benefit the refugee community.
This document provides an overview of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) and the state of their integration into national airspace systems globally. It discusses various regulatory definitions of sUAS and operational limitations like altitude and visual line of sight restrictions. The top challenges to integration are identified as lack of investment, disunity within the industry, perceptions by manned aviation stakeholders, regulators' understanding of the technology, and trying to apply manned aviation standards. While 2013 was proposed as a deadline for full commercial access in the US, full integration remains an ongoing process with many stakeholders and open questions remaining. The document outlines current and potential markets as well as competitive landscapes and pitfalls to consider.
INSURANCE INSTITUTE OF HARARE - 2014 ANNUAL REPORTAlson Nhari
The document is the 2014 annual report of the Insurance Institute of Harare. It provides an overview of the Institute's activities in 2014, including hosting networking events, university seminars, a sporting weekend, and an end-of-year bash. It discusses the Institute's roles in education, training and development as well as marketing and public relations. Financial information for 2014 is also included, with the report concluding by outlining the Institute's strategic focus and projects for 2015.
This document discusses social networking and cyberbullying. It outlines pros and cons of social networking, statistics on cyberbullying, warning signs of being bullied, and how teens respond when they see others being mean online. It includes interview questions and answers with a guidance counselor about cyberbullying cases and programs in schools. Potential follow up actions and questions for the reader are also provided.
The document discusses a student group project to run a dog adoption campaign for stray dogs at an animal shelter called LASS. The group divided into 4 teams with different roles: a social media team to create posters, a production team to take photos/videos and create postcards, a pet shop team to promote at shops, and an adoption team. The adoption team's task was to bring dogs to parks to spread awareness and hopefully find them homes. On event days, they brought 4 dogs to two parks, distributed posters and information, and managed to adopt out 4-5 dogs while also raising funds through poster and badge sales.
Little India in Klang, Malaysia is a neighborhood known for its Indian culture and heritage. It contains several landmarks and religious sites for the Indian community as well as commercial areas along its edges. The neighborhood has identifiable paths that connect various nodes within the community.
Este documento fornece informações sobre o quinto álbum de estúdio de Rihanna, Loud, lançado em 2010. Detalha as faixas do álbum, datas de gravação e lançamento, produtores, principais singles, turnê de suporte e vendas de Rihanna.
The Patriot Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush in October 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It aims to broaden surveillance powers of law enforcement to monitor communications like phone calls, texts, and online activity to prevent terrorism but has faced criticism for infringing on civil liberties without clear connections to national security investigations. The act remains a controversial issue with debates on whether its provisions are constitutional or go too far in diminishing privacy and rights.
The document summarizes four reaction papers written by a student on architectural theory readings. The first paper discusses Jane Jacobs' book "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" and her views on urban planning and neighborhoods. The second paper covers the book "Semiotics and Architecture" which examines architectural theory versus ideology. The third paper analyzes the article "The Geometry of Feeling" about phenomenology of architecture and how it impacts the senses. The fourth paper reviews Kenneth Frampton's essay "Towards a Critical Regionalism" focusing on integrating culture and nature in architectural design.
India is a major producer and exporter of fish and seafood. Marine fisheries contribute less than half of national fish production, with the remainder coming from inland fisheries and aquaculture. Aquaculture has become the mainstay of seafood exports, accounting for 90% of shrimp exports. Exports have grown significantly in recent years, with frozen shrimp, fish, cuttlefish and squid making up a large percentage of exports. Key export markets include Japan, USA, China, UAE, and Singapore. The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) acts as the coordinating agency for India's marine products industry.
Building Science 2 Project 2 Integration projectTan Jaden
This document contains a lighting analysis and proposal for two community library spaces (Spaces A and B). For Space A, the average daylight factor is calculated to be 4.6%, providing adequate natural light. Artificial lighting is proposed using suspended LED luminaires in three zones, controlled individually. For Space B, the average daylight factor is 3.1%. Artificial lighting using recessed CFL downlights and LED uplights is proposed, with the two types controlled separately for different functions. Layout diagrams and illuminance renderings are provided to illustrate the lighting schemes.
This document provides details on a lighting study for a community library project in Chinatown Kuala Lumpur. It analyzes the daylighting and artificial lighting for three different spaces in the library. For each space, it calculates the daylight factor and expected illuminance from daylight. It determines whether the daylight meets the recommended illuminance levels for the space's intended use. For one space requiring artificial light, it specifies the light fixture type and performs calculations to determine the number and layout of light fixtures needed to achieve the standard illuminance level.
The document summarizes daylighting and artificial lighting analyses for two areas in a community library project - a painting area on the first floor and a quiet reading area on the third floor. Both areas are adjacent to glazed facades to take advantage of natural daylight. Calculations show the painting area receives very bright daylight levels while the reading area receives bright levels. Artificial lighting designs with LED downlights were also presented to supplement daylight for both spaces.
This document provides calculations and analysis of lighting and acoustics for spaces in a proposed community library. It includes:
1) Daylight factor calculations for a discussion area (4.467%) and study area (2.968%) to determine natural illumination levels.
2) Lumen method calculations to determine the number of artificial lights needed in library spaces to meet illumination standards, including 58 lights for the main collection area and 23 lights for the AV room.
3) PSALI calculations for a meeting room showing it can be controlled by two sets of switches, with one set on all the time and the other only used when needed.
The document provides lighting and acoustic proposals for two areas - the children's reading area and formal reading area - of the Sentul Community Library project. It includes daylighting and artificial lighting analyses and proposals for both spaces to meet illumination standards. Acoustic analyses of sound pressure levels and reverberation times are also provided, along with proposals for sound reduction. Adjustments such as double glazed glass, brise soleil panels, and lighting switches are recommended to improve the lighting and acoustic performance of the spaces.
Building Science II: Lighting Integration ReportEe Dong Chen
This document analyzes the lighting conditions in two spaces - the main reading zone and tea lounge - of a community library located in Kuala Lumpur. For each space, natural daylighting is assessed using daylight factor calculations and illuminance levels are determined. Artificial lighting designs using recessed downlights and pendants are also proposed, with lumen method calculations to determine fixture specifications and layouts. Permanent supplementary artificial lighting schemes utilizing switching are additionally suggested to optimize the use of daylight.
The document provides calculations and analysis for lighting and acoustic design of two spaces - a quiet reading area and young adult area - within the Sentul Community Library.
For the quiet reading area on the second floor: Daylight factor is calculated at 4.9% providing good lighting. Artificial lighting calculation determines 25 fluorescent lamps are needed to achieve 300 lux. Permanent supplementary lighting is proposed with three switches.
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External noise calculations find sound levels exceeding limits for both spaces during peak hours
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The document provides lighting calculations for two spaces - a study area (Space A) and a book shelves area (Space B) in a school of architecture building. For Space A, daylight factor and artificial lighting calculations using the lumen method show that the space achieves good natural illumination of 1642 lux and the installation of 12 recessed LED luminaires in a 1.4m spacing provides an average illuminance of 300 lux. For Space B, the lumen method calculation determines that 12 linear fluorescent luminaires spaced at 1.9m are required to achieve the target 300 lux illuminance for the book shelves area. Partial switching of luminaires is proposed for both spaces to optimize energy usage based on daylight availability.
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1. Calculations of the daylight factor and natural illumination for two reading areas, finding one receives excess light and the other is within recommended levels.
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Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
2. DAYLIGHTING
Accordingto MS1525, DaylightFactordistributionisasbelow.
Daylight Factor (%) Distribution
> 6 Very bright with thermal and glare problem
3 - 6 Bright
1 - 3 Average
0 - 1 Dark
The table shownbelowdescribe the nearestexampletothe ideaof illuminance range.
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightestsunlight
110,000 lux Brightsunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminatedbyentireclearblue sky,midday
1,000 – 2,000 lux Typical overcastday,midday
400 lux Sunrise orsunsetona clearday (ambientillumination
<200 lux Extreme of darkeststormclouds,midday
40 lux Fullyovercast,sunset/sunrise
<1 lux Extreme of darkeststormclouds,sunset/sunrise
CHILDREN ACTIVITYAREA
The highlightedareashowsthe childrenactivityareawhichislocatedatfirstfloorlevel.Thisspacesrequires
enoughilluminance aschildrenare sensitive tobrightness.There isavoidspacesrightnexttoit and is
protectedfromexposedto directsunlightpenetration bythe facade.
3. FloorArea(m2
) 50.74
Areaof façade exposedtosunlight(m2
)before
adjustment
4.0 x 2 = 8.0
Areaof façade exposedtosunlight(m2
)after
adjustment
8.5 x 2 = 17
RequiredIlluminance,Lux fromDaylightFactor
(3% - 6%)
3% of daylightfactor
3% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100%
Ei = 600 Lux
Illuminance fromthe space beforeopening
adjustment,Lux
8.0
50.74
𝑥 100% = 15.76%
15.76% x 0.1 = 1.576%
1.576% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100
Ei = 315 Lux
Illuminance fromthe space afteropening
adjustment,Lux
17
50.74
𝑥 100% = 33.50%
33.50% x 0.1 = 3.350%
3.350% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100
Ei = 670 Lux
The diagram above showsthe contourrenderingthatdescribe the amountof daylightingpenetrate intothe
space (childrenactivityarea).The blue zone appearatthe most rightside as there isnodaylightingthatis
able to penetrate wayintothatarea.Because the windowsare large enough,daylightisable tolightenup
the whole spaces.
The initial designof the openingdoesn’thave enoughilluminance requirementfromMS 1525 whichis3%-
6%, whichthe lowest3%is600 Lux.Therefore,the openingare adjustedbiggertoachieve the optimum
illuminance (670Lux achieved) forthe space.
4. DISCUSSION NODE
FloorArea(m2
) 49.0
Areaof façade exposedtosunlight(m2
)before
adjustment
4.0 x 2 = 8.0
Areaof façade exposedtosunlight(m2
)after
adjustment
8.6 x 2 = 17.2
RequiredIlluminance,Lux fromDaylightFactor
(3% - 6%)
3% of daylightfactor
3% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100%
Ei = 600 Lux
Illuminance fromthe space beforeopening
adjustment, Lux
8.0
49.0
𝑥 100% = 16.33%
16.33% x 0.1 = 1.633%
1.633% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100
Ei = 327 Lux
Illuminance fromthe space afteropening
adjustment,Lux
17.2
49.0
𝑥 100% = 35.10%
35.10% x 0.1 = 3.510%
3.510% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100
Ei = 702 Lux
Thisspace islocatedat secondlevel.Itisa discussionnode space thathas a voidspacesrightnexttoit for
extrasunlightpenetrationtoenterthroughthe openingintothe discussionnode areaandisprotectedfrom
exposedtodirectsunlightpenetrationby the facade.
5. The diagram above shows contourrenderingthatdescribe the daylightingpenetrationintothe space
(informal readingarea).Itdescribethatthere isexcessive amountof light;whichisinbrightcolour,enterthe
space and causesglare to the occupant.
MS 1525 recommendthatthe space to bestto have 3% - 6% of daylightingwhichisranged600 Lux to 1200
Lux. The currentspace illuminate out of 702 Lux whichismore that 3% andcan cause glare to the occupants
inthat space.To solve thisissue,adjustable louveredfaçade isusedtocontrol the lightpenetration tothe
optimumneeds.Thisadjustable louveredfaçade hasthe abilitytocontrol the illuminance of the space based
on the outdoorweathercondition.
Double skinfacade
6. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
SECONDHANDBOOKSTORE
Secondhandbookstore islocatedatthe back ground floorlevel.Thereispresence of daylightingbutis
insufficient.Therefore,artificial lightingisvital forthisspace.
Function Material Colour Surface Type Reflectance Value
Ceiling Concrete finish Grey Absorptive 0.3
Wall Concrete with
paintfinishing
White Reflective 0.33
Window Glass Transparent Reflective 0.06
Type of luminaire usedasshowedbelow:
Type of fixture Mount fixing
Type of lightbulb
Fluorescenttube
Wattage Range (W) 150 W
ColourrenderingIndex(CRI) 82
ColourTemperature (K) 4100 K
ColourDesignation Cool White
Lumens 2650 lm
8. CHILDREN STORY TELLING ROOM
Childrenstorytelling roomislocatedatsecondfloorlevel.Althoughnatural lightcanbe acquiredbutitis
insufficient.Hence,artificial lightingisvital forthe space.AccordingtoMS 1525, the minimumilluminance
requiredforroomis400 Lux.
Function Material Colour Surface Type Reflectance Value
Ceiling Concrete finish Grey Absorptive 0.3
Wall Concrete with
paintfinishing
White Reflective 0.33
Window Glass Transparent Reflective 0.06
Type of luminaire usedasshowedbelow:
Type of fixture Mount fixing
Type of lightbulb
Fluorescenttube
Wattage Range (W) 150 W
ColourrenderingIndex(CRI) 82
ColourTemperature (K) 4100 K
ColourDesignation Cool White
Lumens 2650 lm
10. PERMANENT SUPPPLEMENTRAY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF INTERIORS
(PSALI)
CHILDREN ACTIVITYAREA
Daylightfactorcalculation are calculated,pleaserefertodaylightingsection.The space hasachievedthe
optimumdaylightfactorforitsfunctionspace,670 Lux.However,thatisto be assumedthat it has a clearsky
presentatthat time.Therefore,artificiallightingtake place here aswell toensure thatthe space has
constantlyachievingthe optimumdaylighting.
Calculationforartificial lightingshownasbelow.
Type of luminaire usedasshowed below:
Type of fixture Mount fixing
Type of lightbulb
Fluorescenttube
Wattage Range (W) 150 W
ColorrenderingIndex (CRI) 82
ColorTemperature (K) 4100 K
11. ColorDesignation Cool White
Lumens 2650 lm
Location Childrenactivityarea
Dimensionof room(m) Length(L) = 5.8m
Width(W) = 8.7m
Height(H) = 4.0m
Total FloorArea,A (m²) 50.74 m²
Type of LightingFixture Ceilingmounted
Heightof luminaries(m) 4.0
Heightof work level (m) 0.8
Mountingheight(m) 3.2
Reflectionfactors Ceiling:0.7
Wall:0.5
RoomIndex,RI(K)
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 𝑥 𝑊
( 𝐿 + 𝑊) 𝑥 𝐻
𝑅𝐼 =
5.8 𝑥 8.7
(5.8 + 8.7) 𝑥 3.2
= 1.09
Utilizationfactor,UF 0.56
Maintenance factor,MF 0.8
Numberof lightrequired
𝑁 =
𝐸 𝑥 𝐴
( 𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹)
MS1525 recommended children
activityareato have
illuminationlevel atminimum–
300 Lux
𝑁 =
𝐸 𝑥 𝐴
( 𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹)
=
300 𝑥 50.74
(2650 𝑥 0.56 𝑥 0.8)
= 13lamps
The diagram above showthe layoutforthe artificial lightingplacement.Thisistoshow there are evenly
distributedlightingthroughoutthe space.
As this space, children activity area, is an essential space of a library, it should to be keep having it on
optimum brightness all the time. One way to make the lighting system more effective is to install daylight
sensor to the space. This sensor detect the light intensity of the space and take action of turning on the light
12. when there is not enough daylight penetration. The diagram above shows anexample of daylight sensor that
can be install inside the building.
13. SECONHANDBOOKSTORE
Daylightfactorcalculation
FloorArea(m2
) 33
Areaof space exposedtosunlight(m2
) 5.5 x 5= 27.5
Illuminance fromthe space ,Lux 27.5
33.0
𝑥 100% = 83.33%
83.33% x 0.1 = 8.333%
8.333% =
𝐸𝑖
20000
𝑥 100
Ei = 1666 Lux
MS 1525 recommendthata bookstore areashouldhave aminimumilluminationlevel of 1000 Lux and the
space had achievedit.Howeveritonlytobe assumedthatitis on a clearday on daytime.Therefore,artificial
lightingispresenttocompensate the lossof daylightingwhenoncloudyordarkday.
The diagram above showsthe arrangementof artificial lighting.The calculationplease refertoartificial
lightingsection.However,notall the time peopleare presentinadministrative office.So,sometimesitis
unnecessarytohave sensortodetectjustonlythe intensityof the illuminationof the room.To make itmore
effective,motionsensorisinstalled.Motionsensorsenseshumanactivityandswitchonlightsensor. The
motionsensoronGrid A toGrid D onlyconnectedtodaylightsensoraslightat Grid E to Grid G need
constantartificial lighting.
14. REVERBERATION TIME
SECONDHANDBOOKSTORE
Accordingto MS 1525, the ideal reverberationtime foranoffice isbetween 0.8– 1.2s.
Component Material Surface
area/m²,
S
Absorption
coefficient(500
Hz),a
Sound
Absorption
(500Hz) , Sa
Absorption
coefficient
(2000 Hz),a
Sound
Absorption
(2000Hz), Sa
Wall Concrete
wall with
plaster
finish
33 0.02 0.66 0.03 1.089
Floor Carpeton
concrete
33 0.3 9.9 0.5 16.5
Ceiling Concrete 33 0.02 0.66 0.03 0.99
Window Glass 24.5 0.04 0.98 0.03 0.735
Furniture Fabric
Cushion
2.1 0.28 0.588 0.28 0.588
Table 11.04 0.22 2.4288 0.38 4.1952
Bookshelves 4.5 0.22 0.99 0.38 1.71
People 10people 0.46 4.6 0.51 5.1
Total Absorption(A) 20.81 30.91
500 Hz,
𝑅𝑇 =
0.16 𝑥 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑥 165
20.81
= 1.21 s
2000 Hz,
𝑅𝑇 =
0.16 𝑥 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑥 165
30.91
= 0.85 s
Basedon the standardrequirementforreverberationtime foranoffice,the specificationinthatspecific
room hasachieve the requirement.
15. STORY TELLING AREA
Accordingto MS 1525, the ideal reverberationtime for storytellingareaisbetween0.8– 1.2s.
Component Material Surface
area/m²
(A)
Absorption
coefficient(500
Hz),a
Sound
Absorption
(500Hz) , Sa
Absorption
coefficient
(2000 Hz),a
Sound
Absorption
(2000Hz), Sa
Wall Concrete
wall with
plaster
finish
42.5 0.02 0.85 0.03 1.275
Floor Carpeton
concrete
42.5 0.3 12.75 0.5 21.25
Ceiling Concrete 42.5 0.02 0.85 0.03 1.275
Window Glass 7.02 0.04 0.28 0.03 0.21
Furniture Table 3.66 0.22 0.81 0.38 1.39
Chair 1.2 0.33 0.396 0.37 0.444
People 6 people 0.46 2.76 0.51 3.06
Total Absorption(A) 25.476 28.904
500 Hz,
𝑅𝑇 =
0.16 𝑥 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑥 191.25
25.476
= 1.2s
2000 Hz,
𝑅𝑇 =
0.16 𝑥 𝑉
𝐴
=
0.16 𝑥 191.25
28.904
= 1.05 s
Basedon the standardrequirementforreverberationtime forameetingroom, the specificationinthat
specificroomhasachieve the requirement.
16. TRANSMISSION LOSS (TL)
STORY TELLING AREA
The space islocatedat firstfloorlevel of the building. The administrativeoffice andchildrenactivityareaare
dividedbyasingle wall.AccordingtoMS1525 standard,the requiredsoundpressurelevel isaround45 – 55
dB for an office space.
Component Material Color Finish Surface Area,
S/m2
SRI Transmission
Coefficient,T
ST
Wall Concrete
with
plaster
finish
White Matte 22.5 43 5.2 x 10⁻⁵ 1.6128 x 10⁻³
Total 22.5 1.6128 x 10⁻³
𝑇 =
1
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 (
𝑆𝑅𝐼
10
)
𝑇ᴀᴠ =
𝑆1𝑇1+ 𝑆2𝑇2+ 𝑆𝑛𝑇𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
=
1.6128 x 10⁻³
22.5
= 5.2 x 10⁻⁵
𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔
1
𝑇
= 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔
1
5.2 x 10⁻⁵
= 43 dB
The highestnoise canbe produce by the childrenisabout80dB.
Noise levelinAdministrativeoffice =70 dB – 43dB
= 27 dB
The transmissionlossfromthe childrenareathroughthe wall is
43dB. Thisprovedthatthe wall isable toreduce the soundlevel of
70dB to 27dB. The standardrequirementbyMS1525 is 45 – 55 dB.
Therefore,ithasachievedthe requirement.
17. CHILDREN LEARNINGACTIVITYAREA
The quietreadingareaislocatednextto outdoorreadingareawherebypeople are allowedtohave anormal
conversationloudness.AccordingtoMS 1525, the quietreadingspace is30 dB.
Component Material Colour Finish Surface Area,
S/m2
SRI Transmission
Coefficient,T
ST
Wall Concrete
with
plaster
finish
White Matte 49 45 3.3 x 10⁻⁵ 1.6128 x 10⁻³
Total 49 1.6128 x 10⁻³
𝑇 =
1
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 (
𝑆𝑅𝐼
10
)
𝑇ᴀᴠ =
𝑆1𝑇1+ 𝑆2𝑇2+ 𝑆𝑛𝑇𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
=
1.6128 x 10⁻³
49
= 3.3 x 10⁻⁵
𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔
1
𝑇
= 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔
1
3.3 x 10⁻⁵
= 45 dB
The highest noise can be produce by the human is about
60dB.
Noise levelinAdministrativeoffice =60 dB – 45dB
= 15 dB
The transmissionlossfromthe childrenreadingareathrough
the wall is45dB. Thisprovedthat the wall isable toreduce
the soundlevel of 70dB to 15dB. The standardrequirement
by MS 1525 is 30dB. Therefore,ithasachievedthe
requirement.
18. EXTERNAL NOISE
LOBBY AND LOCALHISTORY GALLERY
The café and local historygallery islocated atentrance of the building.Although,itislocated atthe endside
of the buildingbutthere sittingareaforthe userfacingdirectlyat the roadside andgettingexternalnoises.
The trafficcan produce noisesupto80dB whenthere istraffic
jam.
To solve the issue of external noise,
bufferzone isaddedinorderto lose
the noise transmissionbefore itreaches
the space.For each doubleddistance,
noise will decrease by6 dB. Aside from
that, there are presence of treesand
furniture thatcan act as sound
absorptionandreflector.
BUFFER ZONE
19. Outside the childrenactivityroom hasan outdoorplay spacesforchildren where it can be noisy when there
is children playing (design features). Further away, it is a busy road whereby it often has traffic jam and
produce noises.
BUFFER ZONE
PUBLIC SPACEThe childrenactivityareaispushedbackand has a gap whichcreatesa bufferzone toreduce the noise
intensity.There isanotherissue whichthe space isfacingthe roadside andwill cause noises.The solution
to thisisto have a double skinfaçade whichcanreduce the trafficroadnoises.
CHILDREN ACTIVITY
AREA
CHILDREN
OUTDOOR
ACTIVITY
AREA