Metagenomics in food safety: What's the added value? Case studies from the li...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Kristina Roesel, Stephen Opiyo, Francesca Stomeo and Delia Grace at the FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22–24 November 2017.
This document summarizes an approach to studying livestock food systems in order to understand challenges like disease emergence and food safety. The approach examines the food system holistically using epidemiology, ecology, socio-economics, microbiology, nutrition, and value chain analysis. It aims to understand how pathogens are introduced and spread in urban environments and how this impacts human health. Researchers analyze food consumption, demographics, nutrition, and value chains to identify intervention opportunities that can improve health, nutrition, and welfare throughout the system. The integrated systems approach places food at the center and aims to achieve health for all by understanding challenges and finding solutions.
A One Health Approach to Incorporation of Village Poultry Production Into Nut...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
A One Health approach is needed to incorporate village poultry production into nutrition sensitive landscapes. Village poultry, including chickens, provide important nutrition and economic benefits for rural families through their eggs and meat. They obtain feed through scavenging and require low inputs, making their production efficient. Village poultry also contribute to food security, empowerment of women, and conservation goals. A Nutrition Sensitive Landscapes approach considers interactions within an area to optimize food and nutrition security while conserving biodiversity. Village poultry production can complement this by contributing nutrient-rich animal source foods.
Jonathan Eisen talk at #UCDavis 10/19/15 on "Microbiomes in Food and Agricult...Jonathan Eisen
Slides for talk on "Microbiomes in Food and Agriculture" by JonathanEisen - note - not all slides were used in talk. These were there to stimulate discussion ...
Livestock and antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
This document summarizes information about antimicrobial resistance related to livestock in low- and middle-income countries. It notes that antimicrobial usage in livestock is likely contributing to the rise of resistant pathogens, though direct evidence of resistance transferring from animals to humans is rare. The document also highlights specific issues with antimicrobial usage and resistance in Vietnam and Africa, such as widespread misuse of drugs in smallholder farming systems and high resistance found in Salmonella samples from Kampala pork. It concludes that reducing antimicrobial usage and transmission will be important to addressing antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings.
This document provides information about animal biotechnology through several sections. It begins with an introduction that discusses the long history of animal biotechnology including traditional breeding techniques dating back to 5000 BC. It then covers the history of animal biotechnology from the 1970s to the present day, highlighting important milestones. Several sections follow on the scope, applications, and terminology of animal biotechnology including transgenic animals, cloning, animal models in research, vaccines, nutrition, and embryo transfer. The document concludes by defining common terminology used in animal cell culture.
The document summarizes microbiome biomarker data from the American Gut Project. It describes the project's goal of characterizing participants' gut, skin, and oral bacteria to better understand relationships between microbiome and lifestyle/health factors. Over 4,600 samples from 3,624 participants have been sequenced and analyzed. The analyzed samples included some from patients that provided multiple sample types (mouth & skin, mouth & stool). T-Bioinfo then performed analyses including mapping samples to identify bacteria, generating abundance tables, and using machine learning methods to identify correlations between bacterial species from different body sites. Preliminary conclusions identified outstanding samples and correlated oral and stool bacteria.
Metagenomics in food safety: What's the added value? Case studies from the li...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Kristina Roesel, Stephen Opiyo, Francesca Stomeo and Delia Grace at the FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22–24 November 2017.
This document summarizes an approach to studying livestock food systems in order to understand challenges like disease emergence and food safety. The approach examines the food system holistically using epidemiology, ecology, socio-economics, microbiology, nutrition, and value chain analysis. It aims to understand how pathogens are introduced and spread in urban environments and how this impacts human health. Researchers analyze food consumption, demographics, nutrition, and value chains to identify intervention opportunities that can improve health, nutrition, and welfare throughout the system. The integrated systems approach places food at the center and aims to achieve health for all by understanding challenges and finding solutions.
A One Health Approach to Incorporation of Village Poultry Production Into Nut...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
A One Health approach is needed to incorporate village poultry production into nutrition sensitive landscapes. Village poultry, including chickens, provide important nutrition and economic benefits for rural families through their eggs and meat. They obtain feed through scavenging and require low inputs, making their production efficient. Village poultry also contribute to food security, empowerment of women, and conservation goals. A Nutrition Sensitive Landscapes approach considers interactions within an area to optimize food and nutrition security while conserving biodiversity. Village poultry production can complement this by contributing nutrient-rich animal source foods.
Jonathan Eisen talk at #UCDavis 10/19/15 on "Microbiomes in Food and Agricult...Jonathan Eisen
Slides for talk on "Microbiomes in Food and Agriculture" by JonathanEisen - note - not all slides were used in talk. These were there to stimulate discussion ...
Livestock and antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
This document summarizes information about antimicrobial resistance related to livestock in low- and middle-income countries. It notes that antimicrobial usage in livestock is likely contributing to the rise of resistant pathogens, though direct evidence of resistance transferring from animals to humans is rare. The document also highlights specific issues with antimicrobial usage and resistance in Vietnam and Africa, such as widespread misuse of drugs in smallholder farming systems and high resistance found in Salmonella samples from Kampala pork. It concludes that reducing antimicrobial usage and transmission will be important to addressing antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings.
This document provides information about animal biotechnology through several sections. It begins with an introduction that discusses the long history of animal biotechnology including traditional breeding techniques dating back to 5000 BC. It then covers the history of animal biotechnology from the 1970s to the present day, highlighting important milestones. Several sections follow on the scope, applications, and terminology of animal biotechnology including transgenic animals, cloning, animal models in research, vaccines, nutrition, and embryo transfer. The document concludes by defining common terminology used in animal cell culture.
The document summarizes microbiome biomarker data from the American Gut Project. It describes the project's goal of characterizing participants' gut, skin, and oral bacteria to better understand relationships between microbiome and lifestyle/health factors. Over 4,600 samples from 3,624 participants have been sequenced and analyzed. The analyzed samples included some from patients that provided multiple sample types (mouth & skin, mouth & stool). T-Bioinfo then performed analyses including mapping samples to identify bacteria, generating abundance tables, and using machine learning methods to identify correlations between bacterial species from different body sites. Preliminary conclusions identified outstanding samples and correlated oral and stool bacteria.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the African Dairy Conference by Alain Réocreux on applications of nanotechnology in dairy production. The presentation covered three main topics:
1) How nanotechnology products like Mistral, M TX+, and M Feed can help increase milk production and quality at the farm level through better feed management and digestion.
2) How somatic cell counts impact milk quality from the farm to the processing plant, affecting yields, shelf life, and the consumer. Reducing mastitis is key to high quality dairy products.
3) The importance of calf rearing practices like feeding, rumen development, and gut health to support the future dairy cow from calf to cow. My
This document summarizes an article about the possibility of producing meat in laboratories as an alternative to factory farming. It discusses Winston Churchill's prediction in 1932 that animal parts could be grown separately for food. Currently, the global livestock industry accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines the issues with factory farming in terms of animal welfare and the environment. It notes that lab-grown meat could potentially use half the energy and 2% of farmland compared to conventional meat production. However, there are still many technical difficulties to overcome before lab-grown meat becomes commercially viable.
The document discusses concerns with the current animal farming system, including environmental impacts, ethical issues, nutritional problems, and financial costs. It then introduces in vitro meat production as an alternative that could address these concerns. In vitro meat is created by growing animal cells in a lab setting without the need to raise and slaughter live animals. The document outlines several methods for producing in vitro meat, from traditional culturing to more advanced techniques like scaffolding, organ printing, biophotonics, and nanotechnology. It suggests in vitro meat could offer a healthier, more affordable and sustainable option compared to conventionally produced meat.
Quantifying Your Dynamic Human Body (Including Its Microbiome), Will Move Us ...Larry Smarr
Invited Presentation Microbiology and the Microbiome and the Implications for Human Health Analytic, Life Science & Diagnostic Association (ALDA) 2016 Senior Management Conference
Half Moon Bay, CA
October 3, 2016
lab cultured or in vitro meat is an eco-friendly substitute for the natural meat which eliminates the need for raising and slaughtering animals for food. It supports the sustainable food production and helps to decrease the carbon credit by livestock sector.
The Human Microbiome, Supercomputers,and the Advancement of MedicineLarry Smarr
The keynote presentation discusses the importance of the human microbiome and how understanding its dynamics can advance medicine. It notes that the human microbiome contains tens of trillions of microbial cells and hundreds of times as many genes as human cells. Understanding the microbiome as an ecology rather than focusing on single pathogens is crucial. The presentation describes research tracking one person's microbiome and biomarkers over time, finding shifts between healthy and diseased states. It advocates developing tools to manage the microbiome and new therapies like fecal transplants. National initiatives now recognize the microbiome's importance in health and disease.
Discovering the 100 Trillion Bacteria Living Within Each of UsLarry Smarr
This document provides a summary of a lecture on the human microbiome given by Dr. Larry Smarr. Some key points:
- The human microbiome refers to the trillions of bacteria that live within the human body. Each person contains 100 trillion bacteria, outnumbering human cells.
- Research into the microbiome is a rapidly growing field that provides insights into health and disease. The microbiome plays a role in processes like drug metabolism and immunity.
- The microbiome is established early in life and influenced by factors like birth method and antibiotic use in the first years. This early development can impact future health.
- Microbiome imbalances are linked to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. New treatments are
This document presents a seminar paper on the prospects of entomophagy (insect consumption) for curbing food insecurity and improving protein sources. It discusses the history and prevalence of entomophagy, nutritional value and protein content of edible insects, advantages such as sustainable food source and reduced disease risk. The paper also covers farming and processing techniques of edible insects, emerging markets, factors influencing consumer acceptance, and concludes that edible insects can play a significant role in ensuring food security and improving nutrition if incorporated into more diets and farmed on a larger scale.
Know Thyself: Quantifying Your Human Body and Its One Hundred Trillion MicrobesLarry Smarr
Understanding Cultures and Addressing Disparities in Society: Degrees of Health and Well-Being Public Lecture Series
University of California, San Diego
January 20, 2016
This document discusses biologically grown or cultured foods produced from cell cultures in a laboratory rather than from livestock. It notes that cellular agriculture can grow meat and dairy products through tissue engineering methods. Some benefits include producing products that are more nutritious, use less land, water and energy than conventional agriculture, and do not require the use of antibiotics or raise animal welfare concerns. Examples discussed include producing milk proteins in yeast and growing muscle tissue to produce cultured meat products. Both scientists and consumers have found lab-grown meat can mimic the texture of conventionally produced meat. While critics cite issues like energy use, proponents believe cultured foods could help address problems like world hunger and reducing environmental impacts of large-scale livestock farming.
Serological evidence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels (Camelus drom...ILRI
Presented by Eric M. Fèvre, Sharon L. Deem, Margaret Kinnaird, Springer Browne, Dishon Muloi, Gert-Jan Godeke, Marion Koopmans and C.B.E.M. Reusken at the 4th Medical and Veterinary Virus Research Symposium in Kenya (MVVR), Nairobi, Kenya, 15-16 October 2015.
http://www.pathologycancun2015.org/ Slides from my talk at the World Association of Societies of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in Cancun, Mexico., November 21, 2015.
Margaret Karembu
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
Segenet Kelemu - African edible-insects: diversity and pathway to food and n...SIANI
Segenet Kelemu, Director General of ICIPE (African Insect Science for Food and Health) about the potential of insects as a way to improve food security and nutrition
Dr. Heather Allen - The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and OutlookJohn Blue
The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and Outlook - Dr. Heather Allen, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
This document summarizes a study on the microbial quality of raw milk samples collected from four locations in Abia State, Nigeria. A variety of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.) and fungi (Candida spp, Mucor spp.) were isolated from the milk samples. The total bacterial counts ranged from 9.88 x 107 to 1.26 x 108 cfu/ml across samples. The coliform, staphylococcal, and fungal counts also varied between locations. The milk from the university farm location had lower microbial loads compared to milk from other commercial sources, likely due to better hygienic practices on the university farm.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the African Dairy Conference by Alain Réocreux on applications of nanotechnology in dairy production. The presentation covered three main topics:
1) How nanotechnology products like Mistral, M TX+, and M Feed can help increase milk production and quality at the farm level through better feed management and digestion.
2) How somatic cell counts impact milk quality from the farm to the processing plant, affecting yields, shelf life, and the consumer. Reducing mastitis is key to high quality dairy products.
3) The importance of calf rearing practices like feeding, rumen development, and gut health to support the future dairy cow from calf to cow. My
This document summarizes an article about the possibility of producing meat in laboratories as an alternative to factory farming. It discusses Winston Churchill's prediction in 1932 that animal parts could be grown separately for food. Currently, the global livestock industry accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines the issues with factory farming in terms of animal welfare and the environment. It notes that lab-grown meat could potentially use half the energy and 2% of farmland compared to conventional meat production. However, there are still many technical difficulties to overcome before lab-grown meat becomes commercially viable.
The document discusses concerns with the current animal farming system, including environmental impacts, ethical issues, nutritional problems, and financial costs. It then introduces in vitro meat production as an alternative that could address these concerns. In vitro meat is created by growing animal cells in a lab setting without the need to raise and slaughter live animals. The document outlines several methods for producing in vitro meat, from traditional culturing to more advanced techniques like scaffolding, organ printing, biophotonics, and nanotechnology. It suggests in vitro meat could offer a healthier, more affordable and sustainable option compared to conventionally produced meat.
Quantifying Your Dynamic Human Body (Including Its Microbiome), Will Move Us ...Larry Smarr
Invited Presentation Microbiology and the Microbiome and the Implications for Human Health Analytic, Life Science & Diagnostic Association (ALDA) 2016 Senior Management Conference
Half Moon Bay, CA
October 3, 2016
lab cultured or in vitro meat is an eco-friendly substitute for the natural meat which eliminates the need for raising and slaughtering animals for food. It supports the sustainable food production and helps to decrease the carbon credit by livestock sector.
The Human Microbiome, Supercomputers,and the Advancement of MedicineLarry Smarr
The keynote presentation discusses the importance of the human microbiome and how understanding its dynamics can advance medicine. It notes that the human microbiome contains tens of trillions of microbial cells and hundreds of times as many genes as human cells. Understanding the microbiome as an ecology rather than focusing on single pathogens is crucial. The presentation describes research tracking one person's microbiome and biomarkers over time, finding shifts between healthy and diseased states. It advocates developing tools to manage the microbiome and new therapies like fecal transplants. National initiatives now recognize the microbiome's importance in health and disease.
Discovering the 100 Trillion Bacteria Living Within Each of UsLarry Smarr
This document provides a summary of a lecture on the human microbiome given by Dr. Larry Smarr. Some key points:
- The human microbiome refers to the trillions of bacteria that live within the human body. Each person contains 100 trillion bacteria, outnumbering human cells.
- Research into the microbiome is a rapidly growing field that provides insights into health and disease. The microbiome plays a role in processes like drug metabolism and immunity.
- The microbiome is established early in life and influenced by factors like birth method and antibiotic use in the first years. This early development can impact future health.
- Microbiome imbalances are linked to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. New treatments are
This document presents a seminar paper on the prospects of entomophagy (insect consumption) for curbing food insecurity and improving protein sources. It discusses the history and prevalence of entomophagy, nutritional value and protein content of edible insects, advantages such as sustainable food source and reduced disease risk. The paper also covers farming and processing techniques of edible insects, emerging markets, factors influencing consumer acceptance, and concludes that edible insects can play a significant role in ensuring food security and improving nutrition if incorporated into more diets and farmed on a larger scale.
Know Thyself: Quantifying Your Human Body and Its One Hundred Trillion MicrobesLarry Smarr
Understanding Cultures and Addressing Disparities in Society: Degrees of Health and Well-Being Public Lecture Series
University of California, San Diego
January 20, 2016
This document discusses biologically grown or cultured foods produced from cell cultures in a laboratory rather than from livestock. It notes that cellular agriculture can grow meat and dairy products through tissue engineering methods. Some benefits include producing products that are more nutritious, use less land, water and energy than conventional agriculture, and do not require the use of antibiotics or raise animal welfare concerns. Examples discussed include producing milk proteins in yeast and growing muscle tissue to produce cultured meat products. Both scientists and consumers have found lab-grown meat can mimic the texture of conventionally produced meat. While critics cite issues like energy use, proponents believe cultured foods could help address problems like world hunger and reducing environmental impacts of large-scale livestock farming.
Serological evidence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels (Camelus drom...ILRI
Presented by Eric M. Fèvre, Sharon L. Deem, Margaret Kinnaird, Springer Browne, Dishon Muloi, Gert-Jan Godeke, Marion Koopmans and C.B.E.M. Reusken at the 4th Medical and Veterinary Virus Research Symposium in Kenya (MVVR), Nairobi, Kenya, 15-16 October 2015.
http://www.pathologycancun2015.org/ Slides from my talk at the World Association of Societies of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in Cancun, Mexico., November 21, 2015.
Margaret Karembu
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
Segenet Kelemu - African edible-insects: diversity and pathway to food and n...SIANI
Segenet Kelemu, Director General of ICIPE (African Insect Science for Food and Health) about the potential of insects as a way to improve food security and nutrition
Dr. Heather Allen - The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and OutlookJohn Blue
The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and Outlook - Dr. Heather Allen, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
This document summarizes a study on the microbial quality of raw milk samples collected from four locations in Abia State, Nigeria. A variety of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.) and fungi (Candida spp, Mucor spp.) were isolated from the milk samples. The total bacterial counts ranged from 9.88 x 107 to 1.26 x 108 cfu/ml across samples. The coliform, staphylococcal, and fungal counts also varied between locations. The milk from the university farm location had lower microbial loads compared to milk from other commercial sources, likely due to better hygienic practices on the university farm.
The document discusses antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues found in chicken meat and eggs sold in Kenya. Some key points:
- 87.5% of meat and 100% of egg samples showed presence of antibiotic residues when tested against various bacteria.
- Bacterial counts were higher in meat samples from Kiwanja market compared to Kenyatta University, with mean counts of 190.25 x 102 CFU and 104.96 x 102 CFU respectively.
- Isolated bacteria like E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella from samples showed resistance to certain commonly used antibiotics like ampicillin and intermediate resistance to others.
- The study reveals the presence of antibiotic residues and resistant bacteria in chicken products in
Risk based approach to food safety research: application to pork value chains...ILRI
Poster prepared by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Pham Duc Phuc, Delia Grace, Fred Unger and Kohei Makita for the 5th Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) Annual Research Conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2015.
New Approaches to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Kenyai-ACT
This document discusses research on alternative approaches to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya. The researchers examined the feasibility of using nipple aspirate fluid from grandmother-aged women (ages 35-70) as a replacement or supplemental feeding for HIV-exposed newborns. Proteomic analysis found that the nipple aspirate fluid contained many of the same immune and milk proteins as breastmilk. However, concerns include the availability and health of potential surrogate caregivers, competing infant infections, and the potential risks of HIV transmission between the infant, mother and surrogate. The next step proposed is to test the acceptability and functionality of this approach within communities.
This document discusses research on alternative approaches to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya. The researchers examined the feasibility of using nipple aspirate fluid from grandmother-aged women (ages 35-70) as a replacement or supplemental feeding for HIV-exposed newborns. Proteomic analysis found that the nipple aspirate fluid contained many of the same immune and milk proteins as breastmilk. However, concerns include the availability and health of potential surrogate caregivers, competing infant infections, and the potential risks of HIV transmission between the infant, mother and surrogate. The next step proposed is to test the acceptability and functionality of this approach within communities.
This document discusses research on alternative approaches to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya. The researchers examined the feasibility of using nipple aspirate fluid from grandmother-aged women (ages 35-70) as a replacement or supplemental feeding for HIV-exposed newborns. Proteomic analysis found that the nipple aspirate fluid contained many of the same immune and milk proteins as breastmilk. However, concerns include the availability and health of potential surrogate caregivers, competing infant infections, and the potential risks of HIV transmission between the infant, mother and surrogate. The next step proposed is to test the acceptability and functionality of this approach within communities.
Biosciences research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)ILRI
This document summarizes a seminar given by Steve Kemp and Vish Nene at the University of Nairobi on biosciences research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It discusses how livestock is a major global commodity and demand is growing. It then outlines ILRI's mission to improve food security and reduce poverty through sustainable livestock research. The document provides details on ILRI's strategic objectives, competencies, research teams, resources, facilities including the Biosciences eastern and central Africa hub, and examples of trypanosomiasis and vaccine research.
This newsletter provides updates on the activities of the Urban Zoo project. The University of Nairobi is currently involved in several activities as part of the Public Health and Demography thread of the project. This includes analyzing environmental and food samples from a case-control study in collaboration with other partners. Human and livestock samples are being tested for bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella. Future work will involve sampling livestock and peridomestic animals from selected households to analyze potential pathogens. Challenges with procurement have been addressed and the lab work is progressing well due to hardworking staff.
Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antimicrobial...ILRI
Poster by Tushar Kumar Dey, Bibek Shome, Ram Pratim Deka, Rajeswari Shome and Johanna Lindahl presented at the 16th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Halifax, Canada, 9 August 2022.
Campylobacter (curved rod in Greek) may have been discovered in the late nineteenth century (1886) by Theodor Escherich from an infant who died of cholera and called the disease “cholera infantum”
In the last 30 years, Campylobacter has been recognized as a leading pathogen causing diseases in both animals and humans and considered a zoonotic pathogen
Campylobacters (formerly Vibrio fetus) were first associated with diseases of cattle and sheep at the beginning of 20th century
Validating microbiome claims – including the latest DNA techniquesEagle Genomics
Abel Ureta-Vidal, Founder and CEO of Eagle Genomics, discusses how advanced DNA techniques help us to identify and characterise the microbiome, leading us to ways to prove cosmetic claims at the in-cosmetics formulation summit, 25th October 2017.
This presentation explains the concept of the use of Single Cell protein as an alternative food source. It lists the source, production, advantages and disadvantages of the SCP.
Food safety issues and scientific advances related to animal-source foodsILRI
Presented by Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Bassirou Bonfoh, Erastus Kang'ethe, Lucy Lapar and Delia Grace at the Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) - Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) expert consultation on assuring food safety in Asia-Pacific, Tsukuba, Japan, 4-5 August 2014.
The document discusses microbiological criteria for meat products. It defines microbiological criteria and explains that criteria are used to define the acceptability of processes, products, or food lots based on the absence, presence, or number of microorganisms and/or toxins in samples. Criteria can be used by individual establishments or to set national baselines. The document also outlines important foodborne hazards, terms related to microbiological standards, sources of meat contamination, and indicator tests used to monitor meat safety.
Risk-based approach for food safety applied to pork value chain in VietnamILRI
Poster prepared by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Pham Duc Phuc, Delia Grace, Fred Unger and Kohei Makita for the Safe Pork conference, Porto, Portugal, 7-10 September 2015.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The ICRAF Soil-Plant Spectral Diagnostics Laboratory in Kenya operates 1 spectral reference laboratory and provides technical support to 30 labs in 17 countries. It has helped build capacities for private mobile testing services and is working on developing handheld near-infrared spectrometers. The lab specializes in customized solutions, standard operating procedures, project planning, soil and plant health monitoring, and spectral technology support and training. It aims to improve end-to-end spectral advisory software and develop low-cost handheld devices. Through GLOSOLAN, the lab hopes to standardize dry spectroscopy methods, protocols, and data analysis globally.
The National Soil Testing Center (NSTC) in Ethiopia has 18 soil analysis laboratories in various government ministries. The presenter, Fikre Mekuria, notes that the NSTC's strengths are its analytical service delivery, training, and research on soil microbiology and fertility. Areas for improvement include capacity building, sample exchange/quality control, and accreditation to international standards. The presenter's expectations for the meeting and GLOSOLAN network are to develop competency in soil/plant/water/fertilizer analysis, have periodic country member meetings, and share experiences.
Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are important to have in writing to ensure quality and consistency. Quality assurance (QA) policies aim to prevent errors and ensure standards, while quality control (QC) checks that standards are being met. This poster exercise divides participants into groups to discuss why SOPs are important, what quality assurance entails, whether an organization has a QA policy and how it is implemented, and how quality control is performed.
This document provides an overview of the status of soil laboratories in AFRILAB based on information received from various sources, including ZimLabs, AgLabs, the University of Zimbabwe lab, University of Nottingham, British Geological Survey, Chemistry and Soil Research Institute RS-DFID, WEPAL-ISE, WEPAL-IPE, University of Texas A&M, AgriLASA, BIPEA, CORESTA, University of Texas A&M (who provided testimony of satisfaction), and TUNAC (who provided accreditation). The document thanks the reader for their attention.
Item 9: Soil mapping to support sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Markus Anda (Indonesia)
Item 8: WRB, World Reference Base for Soil ResoucesExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Satira Udomsri (Thailand)
- Nepal has been working to systematically classify its soils since 1957, completing surveys of 55 districts by 1983, though some high hill districts remained unsurveyed for a long time.
- In 1998 and 2014, soil maps of Nepal were prepared using the USDA and WRB soil classification systems, respectively. Around 6000 soil profiles were studied from five physiographic regions.
- The data from 158 representative soil profiles were analyzed and converted to fit the HWSD format using formulas from Batjes et al. 2017 to standardize the data into layers from 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm.
- Major soils identified include Calcaric Fluvisols, Eutric Gleysols, Calcaric Ph
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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1. Metagenomics in food safety: what’s the
added value? Case studies from the livestock
sector in Tanzania and Uganda
Silvia Alonso, Kristina Roesel, Stephen Opiyo, Francesca Stomeo,
Delia Grace
FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and
Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa
Addis Ababa, 22-24 November 2017
2. Main campuses: Nairobi, Kenya
and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Offices in 14 other countries
ILRI offices
3. ILRI resources 2017
• Staff: 670+
• Budget: about US$80 million
• Senior scientists from 39 countries
• One third of ILRI staff are women
• Main campuses in Kenya and Ethiopia,
and offices in 14 other countries
around the world
5. Safe Food, Fair Food project
2010-2015 (2 phases)
• Assessing health risks associated
with animal source foods in low
income countries
• Identification and evaluation of risk
management interventions”
7. METAGENOMICS
“The study of communities of known and unknown microbial
organisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites) directly in their natural
environments, through the study of their entire genetic
information, bypassing the need for isolation and lab cultivation
of individual species”.
Aims of metagenomics in SFFF project:
• to develop a catalogue of microbe species/groups present in
different food value chains
• In terms of sensitivity, can genomic approaches complement or
even substitute conventional microbiology in food safety hazard
identification?
• How applicable and economically feasible are these new
approaches in resource-poor settings of low-income settings.
8. Food safety in milk
Milk from pastoralist and smallholder farms
in Tanzania
• Household milk
• Individual cow’s milk
10. Food safety assessment - MILK
16S Metagenomics*
* Caporaso et al (2012). Performed using the Illumina MiSeq Platform
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Relative abundance of bacteria (Genus) in household milk from
Morogoro, Tanzania
Household milk
Alonso et al, upcoming
11. Food safety assessment - MILK
16S Metagenomics*
* Caporaso et al (2012). Performed using the Illumina MiSeq Platform
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Relative abundance of bacteria (Genus) in household milk from
Morogoro, Tanzania
Household milk0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Lactococcus
Weissella
Sphingomonas
Acinetobacter
Enterobacter
Unclassified
Others
Staphylococcus
Macrococcus
Streptococcus
Pseudomonas
Leuconostoc
Erwinia
Plesiomonas
Vagococcus
Serratia
Enhydrobacter
Microvirus
Tolumonas
Kurthia
Viridibacillus
Clostridium
Trabulsiella
Methylosinus
Citrobacter
Bacillus
Kocuria
Corynebacterium
Curtobacterium
Streptomyces
Pseudomonas
Enterococcus
Calothrix
Bradyrhizobium
Cupriavidus
Klebsiella
CandidatusBlochmannia
Thermogemmatispora
Escherichia
Alkaliphilus
Aerococcus
Turicibacter
Yersinia
Lactobacillus
Rhodoferax
Relative abundance of Bacteria (Genus) in milk from
Morogoro, Tanzania
Household milk Cow's milk
Alonso et al, upcoming
12. Food safety - PORK
– Highest per capita consumption in EAC
(3.4 kg)
– Explosion in pig numbers over the past
30 years (0.19 to 3.2 million pigs)
– Mostly in hands of smallholders
– “piggy bank”
– 70% consumed in urban areas
– “pork joint” phenomenon
13. Food safety assessment – Pork
• 88 pork samples (fresh and processed)
from 31 butcheries (Kamuli & Mukono
districts)
• Total aerobic counts
• Metagenomics - 16 samples excluded
(poor DNA quality)
• Illumina MiSeq libraries preparation
and sequencing
• Denovo assembly and blast queries
14. Food safety assessment – Pork
Total bacterial count: All fresh pork and ca. 50% of the processed pork:
above national food safety standards
Metagenomics:
Ca. 300 bacteria genus including
pig pathogens (i.e. Brachyspira spp., Haemophilus spp., Mycoplasma spp.)
potential foodborne zoonoses (i.e. Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter coli,
Clostridium botulinum, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus
aureus etc.)
occupational zoonoses (Erysipelothrix spp., Streptococcus suis)
and anthropozoonoses (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Blast queries showed no hits for parasitic and viral diseases
(Descriptive and spatial analysis still ongoing)
Roesel et al, upcoming
15. Main messages
• Comprehensive overview of microbial flora in food
• As screening process on food safety (finds more, but
may miss some…)
• Could aid pathogen discovery
• Lots of info - enormous “untapped” potential
• Substitute for conventional microbiology?
• Does not speak about “viable” cells
• May not detect microbes in small amounts (Salmonella, Listeria)
• Rather a “complement”
16. Main messages
• Practical aspects:
– Not necessarily faster, but could be if equipment
and expertise are in place
– Overall costs (long run) may be similar or even
smaller
– Requires “highly-specialized” expertise for
processing and data analysis
17. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org