Linking Phenotype Changes to Internal/External Longitudinal Time Series in a ...Larry Smarr
Invited Presentation at EMBC ‘16
38th International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Symposium: The Quantified Self: Visions for the Next Decade of Persistent Physiological Monitoring
Orlando, FL
August 18, 2016
Quantifying Your Dynamic Human Body (Including Its Microbiome), Will Move Us ...Larry Smarr
Invited Presentation Microbiology and the Microbiome and the Implications for Human Health Analytic, Life Science & Diagnostic Association (ALDA) 2016 Senior Management Conference
Half Moon Bay, CA
October 3, 2016
Linking Phenotype Changes to Internal/External Longitudinal Time Series in a ...Larry Smarr
Invited Presentation at EMBC ‘16
38th International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Symposium: The Quantified Self: Visions for the Next Decade of Persistent Physiological Monitoring
Orlando, FL
August 18, 2016
Quantifying Your Dynamic Human Body (Including Its Microbiome), Will Move Us ...Larry Smarr
Invited Presentation Microbiology and the Microbiome and the Implications for Human Health Analytic, Life Science & Diagnostic Association (ALDA) 2016 Senior Management Conference
Half Moon Bay, CA
October 3, 2016
Exploring the Dynamics of The Microbiome in Health and DiseaseLarry Smarr
Remote Invited Provocateur Lecture
2017 Innovation Lab on Quantitative Approaches to Biomedical Data Science:
Challenges in our Understanding of the Microbiome
San Diego, CA
June 19, 2017
The Human Microbiome and the Revolution in Digital HealthLarry Smarr
2014.01.22
Calit2 Director Larry Smarr speaks as part of the Pensacola Evening Lecture Series, organized by the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, in Pensacola, FL.
Big Data and Superorganism Genomics: Microbial Metagenomics Meets Human GenomicsLarry Smarr
This presentation on February 27, 2014 to NGS and the Future of Medicine at Illumina Headquarters in La Jolla, CA, was made by Calit2 Director Larry Smarr.
Exploring the Dynamics of The Microbiome in Health and DiseaseLarry Smarr
Remote Invited Provocateur Lecture
2017 Innovation Lab on Quantitative Approaches to Biomedical Data Science:
Challenges in our Understanding of the Microbiome
San Diego, CA
June 19, 2017
The Human Microbiome and the Revolution in Digital HealthLarry Smarr
2014.01.22
Calit2 Director Larry Smarr speaks as part of the Pensacola Evening Lecture Series, organized by the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, in Pensacola, FL.
Big Data and Superorganism Genomics: Microbial Metagenomics Meets Human GenomicsLarry Smarr
This presentation on February 27, 2014 to NGS and the Future of Medicine at Illumina Headquarters in La Jolla, CA, was made by Calit2 Director Larry Smarr.
Know Thyself: Quantifying Your Human Body and Its One Hundred Trillion MicrobesLarry Smarr
Understanding Cultures and Addressing Disparities in Society: Degrees of Health and Well-Being Public Lecture Series
University of California, San Diego
January 20, 2016
In a speech for the Global Health Program at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York City, Calit2 director Larry Smarr addresses the issue of biological diversity and the importance of monitoring the microbiome.
Observing the Dynamics of the Human Immune System Coupled to the Microbiome i...Larry Smarr
Calit2 Director Larry Smarr delivered this presentation to the CASIS Workshop on Biomedical Research Aboard the ISS at Columbia University in NY, NY, on May 28, 2014.
Individual, Consumer-Driven Care of the Future: Taking Wellness One Step FurtherLarry Smarr
Calit2 Director Larry Smarr gives the closing keynote address to the 2nd annual Learning Conference on Integrated Delivery Systems in San Diego on May 7, 2014.
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
【社内勉強会資料_Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policy】
Analyzing the Human Gut Microbiome Dynamics in Health and Disease Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks
1. “Analyzing the Human Gut Microbiome Dynamics in Health
and Disease Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks”
Invited Presentation
ESnet CrossConnects Bioinformatics Conference
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
April 12, 2016
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
Harry E. Gruber Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
http://lsmarr.calit2.net
1
2. Abstract
To truly understand the state of the human body in health or disease, we now realize that we must consider a much more
complex system than medical science considered heretofore. This is because we now know that the human body is host
to 100 trillion microorganisms, ten times the number of DNAbearing cells in the human body and these microbes contain
300 times the number of DNA genes that our human DNA does. The microbial component of our “superorganism” is
comprised of hundreds of species with immense biodiversity. Exponential decrease in the cost of genetic sequencing
and supercomputing has enabled scientists to finally "read out" the nature of the changes in the microbial ecology in
people in health and with disease. We use the fiber optic network of the Pacific Research Platform to rapidly move these
large datasets. To put a more personal face on the “patient of the future,” I have been collecting massive amounts of
data from my own body over the last five years, which reveals detailed examples of the episodic excursions of my
coupled immunemicrobial system. As similar techniques become more widely applied, we can look forward to
revolutionary changes in medical practice over the next decade.
3. From One to a Trillion Data Points Defining Me in 15 Years:
The Exponential Rise in Body Data
Weight
Blood Biomarker
Time Series
Human Genome
SNPs
Microbial Genome
Time Series
Improving Body
Discovering Disease
Human Genome
4. As a Model for the Precision Medicine Initiative,
I Have Tracked My Internal Biomarkers To Understand My Body’s Dynamics
My Quarterly
Blood Draw
Calit2 64 Megapixel VROOM
5. Only One of My Blood Measurements
Was Far Out of Range--Indicating Chronic Inflammation
Normal Range <1 mg/L
27x Upper Limit
Complex Reactive Protein (CRP) is a Blood Biomarker
for Detecting Presence of Inflammation
Episodic Peaks in Inflammation
Followed by Spontaneous Drops
6. Adding Stool Tests Revealed
Oscillatory Behavior in an Immune Variable Which is Antibacterial
Normal Range
<7.3 µg/mL
124x Upper Limit for Healthy
Lactoferrin is a Protein Shed from Neutrophils -
An Antibacterial that Sequesters Iron
Typical
Lactoferrin Value for
Active Inflammatory
Bowel Disease
(IBD)
7. Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Threading Iliac Arteries
Major Kink
Confirming the IBD (Colonic Crohn’s) Hypothesis:
Finding the “Smoking Gun” with MRI Imaging
I Obtained the MRI Slices
From UCSD Medical Services
and Converted to Interactive 3D
Working With Calit2 Staff
Transverse Colon
Liver
Small Intestine
Diseased Sigmoid Colon
Cross Section
MRI Jan 2012
Severe Colon
Wall Swelling
8. Why Did I Have an Autoimmune Disease
like Crohn’s Disease?
Despite decades of research,
the etiology of Crohn's disease
remains unknown.
Its pathogenesis may involve
a complex interplay between
host genetics,
immune dysfunction,
and microbial or environmental factors.
--The Role of Microbes in Crohn's Disease
Paul B. Eckburg & David A. Relman
Clin Infect Dis. 44:256-262 (2007)
I Have Been Quantifying All Three
9. I Found I Had One of the Earliest Known SNPs
Associated with Crohn’s Disease
From www.23andme.com
SNPs Associated with CD
Polymorphism in
Interleukin-23 Receptor Gene
— 80% Higher Risk
of Pro-inflammatory
Immune Response
NOD2
IRGM
ATG16L1
23andme is Now Collecting
10,000 IBD Patient’s SNPs
10. I Reasoned That The Driver of My Gut Autoimmune Disease
Was a Disturbance in My Gut Microbiome Ecology
Inclusion of the “Dark Matter” of the Body
Will Radically Alter Medicine
99% of Your
DNA Genes
Are in Microbe Cells
Not Human Cells
Your Body Has 10 Times
As Many Microbe Cells As DNA-Bearing
Human Cells
11. The Carl Woese Tree of Life
Shows The Most Life on Earth is Bacterial
Nature Microbiology
Hug, et al.
Source: Carl Woese, et al (1990)
12. The Human Gut
as a Super-Evolutionary Microbial Cauldron
• Enormous Density
– 1000x Ocean Water
• Highly Dynamic Microbial Ecology
– Hundreds to Thousands of Species
• Horizontal Gene Transfer
• Phages
• Adaptive Selection Pressures (Immune System)
– Innate Immune System
– Adaptive Immune System
– Macrophages and Antimicrobial proteins
• Constantly Changing Environmental Pressures
– Diet
– Antibiotics
– Pharmaceuticals
13. To Map Out the Dynamics of Autoimmune Microbiome Ecology
Couples Next Generation Genome Sequencers to Big Data Supercomputers
Source: Weizhong Li, UCSD
Our Team Used 25 CPU-years
to Compute
Comparative Gut Microbiomes
Starting From
2.7 Trillion DNA Bases
of My Samples
and Healthy and IBD Controls
Illumina HiSeq 2000 at JCVI
SDSC Gordon Data Supercomputer
14. We Gathered Raw Illumina Reads on 275 Humans
and Generated a Time Series of My Gut Microbiome
5 Ileal Crohn’s Patients,
3 Points in Time
2 Ulcerative Colitis Patients,
6 Points in Time
“Healthy” Individuals
Source: Jerry Sheehan, Calit2
Weizhong Li, Sitao Wu, CRBS, UCSD
Total of 27 Billion Reads
Or 2.7 Trillion Bases
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients
250 Subjects
1 Point in Time
7 Points in Time
Each Sample Has 100-200 Million Illumina Short Reads (100 bases)
Larry Smarr
(Colonic Crohn’s)
15. Computational NextGen Sequencing Pipeline:
From Sequence to Taxonomy and Function
PI: (Weizhong Li, CRBS, UCSD):
NIH R01HG005978 (2010-2013, $1.1M)
16. Results Include Relative Abundance of Hundreds of Microbial Species
Average Over 250 Healthy People
From NIH Human Microbiome Project
Note Log Scale
Clostridium difficile
18. We Found Major State Shifts in Microbial Ecology Phyla
Between Healthy and Three Forms of IBD
Most
Common
Microbial
Phyla
Average HE
Average
Ulcerative Colitis
Average LS
Colonic Crohn’s Disease
Average
Ileal Crohn’s Disease
19. Time Series Reveals Oscillations in Immune Biomarkers
Associated with Time Progression of Autoimmune Disease
Immune &
Inflammation
Variables
Weekly
Symptoms
Pharma
Therapies
Stool
Samples
2009 20142013201220112010 2015
20. In 2016 We Are Extending My Stool Time Series by
Collaborating with the UCSD Knight Lab
Larry’s 40 Stool Samples Over 3.5 Years
to Rob’s lab on April 30, 2015
21. Precision Medicine: Coupling Longitudinal Phenotypic Changes
to Longitudinal Microbiome Evolution
Time Period of 16S
Microbial Sequences
Source: Larry Smarr, UCSD
Larry Smarr’s Weight Over 15 Years
22. Larry Smarr Gut Microbiome Ecology Shifted After Drug Therapy
Between Two Time-Stable Equilibriums Correlated to Physical Symptoms
Lialda
&
Uceris
12/1/13 to 1/1/14
12/1/13-
1/1/14
Frequent IBD Symptoms
Weight Loss
5/1/12 to 12/1/14
Blue Balls on Diagram
to the Right
Few IBD Symptoms
Weight Gain
1/1/14 to 1/1/16
Red Balls on Diagram
to the Right
Principal Coordinate Analysis of
Microbiome Ecology
PCoA by Justine Debelius and Jose Navas,
Knight Lab, UCSD
Weight Data from Larry Smarr, Calit2, UCSD
Antibiotics
Prednisone
1/1/12 to 5/1/12
5/1/12
Weekly Weight (Red Dots Stool Sample)
Few IBD Symptoms
Weight Gain
1/1/14 to 1/1/16
Red Balls on Diagram
to the Right
23. To Expand IBD Project the Knight/Smarr Labs Were Awarded
~ 1 CPU-Century Supercomputing Time
• Smarr Gut Microbiome Time Series
– From 7 Samples Over 1.5 Years
– To 50 Samples Over 4 Years
• IBD Patients: From 5 Crohn’s Disease and 2 Ulcerative Colitis
Patients to ~100 Patients
– 50 Carefully Phenotyped Patients Drawn from Sandborn BioBank
– 43 Metagenomes from the RISK Cohort of Newly Diagnosed IBD patients
• New Software Suite from Knight Lab
– Re-annotation of Reference Genomes, Functional / Taxonomic Variations
– Novel Compute-Intensive Assembly Algorithms from Pavel Pevzner
8x Compute Resources
Over Prior Study
24. Cancer Genomics Hub (UCSC) Demonstrates Need for SuperNetworks:
Large Data Flows to End Users at UCSC, UCB, UCSF, …
1G
8G
Data Source: David Haussler,
Brad Smith, UCSC
15G
Jan 2016
30,000 TB
Per Year
25. Building a UC San Diego High Performance Cyberinfrastructure
to Support Distributed Integrative Omics
FIONA
12 Cores/GPU
128 GB RAM
3.5 TB SSD
48TB Disk
10Gbps NIC
Knight Lab
10Gbps
Gordon
Prism@UCSD
Data Oasis
7.5PB,
200GB/s
Knight 1024 Cluster
In SDSC Co-Lo
CHERuB
100Gbps
Emperor & Other Vis Tools
64Mpixel Data Analysis Wall
120Gbps
40Gbps
1.3Tbps
PRP/
26. Based on Community Input and on ESnet’s Science DMZ Concept,
NSF Has Funded Over 100 Campuses to Build Local Big Data Freeways
Red 2012 CC-NIE Awardees
Yellow 2013 CC-NIE Awardees
Green 2014 CC*IIE Awardees
Blue 2015 CC*DNI Awardees
Purple Multiple Time Awardees
Source: NSF
27. The Pacific Wave Platform
Creates a Regional Science-Driven “Big Data Freeway System”
Source:
John Hess, CENIC
Funded by NSF $5M Oct 2015-2020
Flash Disk to Flash Disk File Transfer Rate
PI: Larry Smarr, UC San Diego Calit2
Co-PIs:
• Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley CITRIS,
• Tom DeFanti, UC San Diego Calit2,
• Philip Papadopoulos, UC San Diego SDSC,
• Frank Wuerthwein, UC San Diego Physics
and SDSC
28. The Emergence of Precision or P4 Medicine --
Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory
Systems Biology &
Systems Medicine
Consumer-Driven
Social Networks
P4
MEDICINE
Digital Revolution
Big Data
How Will the Quantified Consumer
Be Integrated into Healthcare Systems?
Lee Hood, Director ISB
29. Thanks to Our Great Team!
Calit2@UCSD
Future Patient Team
Jerry Sheehan
Tom DeFanti
Joe Keefe
John Graham
Kevin Patrick
Mehrdad Yazdani
Jurgen Schulze
Andrew Prudhomme
Philip Weber
Fred Raab
Ernesto Ramirez
JCVI Team
Karen Nelson
Shibu Yooseph
Manolito Torralba
Ayasdi
Devi Ramanan
Pek Lum
UCSD Metagenomics Team
Weizhong Li
Sitao Wu
SDSC Team
Michael Norman
Mahidhar Tatineni
Robert Sinkovits
UCSD Health Sciences Team
David Brenner
Rob Knight Lab
Justine Debelius
Jose Navas
Gail Ackermann
Greg Humphrey
William J. Sandborn Lab
Elisabeth Evans
John Chang
Brigid Boland
Dell/R Systems
Brian Kucic
John Thompson