Magnesium is a vital mineral in the body, playing a crucial role in over 300 biochemical reactions, including nerve function and muscle contraction. Abnormal magnesium levels can lead to conditions like hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia, each associated with various health issues. Daily intake from nutrient-dense foods is essential for maintaining health, with toxicity possible from excessive supplementation.

2. ELECTROLYTES MAGNESIUM
 PRESENTED BY:
FARAZ ALI
MUHAMMAD AHSAN
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
PATHOLOGY

3. OBJECTIVES:
 What Is Magnesium & It’s Structure?
 Role Of Magnesium:
 Physiology
 Pathology
 Sources of Magnesium.
 Absorption of Magnessium in Body.
 Metabolic activity of Magnessium.
 Benefit of Magnesium’s On Body In Daily Life.
 Toxicity of Magnessium.
 SUMMARY.
 REFERENCE.

4. MAGNESIUM
Magnesium is a mineral which is 4th most abundant
cation and 2nd most abundant intracellular ion in our
body.
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg
and atomic number 12.
It is a shiny gray solid.

5. ON THE BASIS OF PHYSIOLOGY
■ In our body, magnesium occurs in the form of ions (cations) Mg2+
■ The average human body (i.e. 70Kg) contains 1 mole of magnesium ions
(24g).
■ Approximately 53% Mg2+ of found in bone.
■ 46% in Muscle, soft tissue and other organs.
■ Less then 1% in serum and red blood cells;
■ In serum: about 30% bound to protein (albumin)
61-64% 61% exist in free/ionized state
5% Forms complex with others ions (i.e. Ca2+ ,
Citrate Etc.)

6. REFERENCE RANGE OF SERUM
MAGNESIUM:
■ Serum magnesium level 1.7 -- 2.2 mg/dL
0.8 -- 1.1 mmol/L
■ Urinary magnesium level 25 mg/ day
■ Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories

7. ROLE OF MAGNESIUM
 Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions
in the body.
 It helps to maintain normal nerve and muscle function
 supports a healthy immune system
 keeps the heartbeat steady, and helps bones remain strong.
 It also helps adjust blood glucose levels.
 It aids in the production of energy and protein.
.

8. ROLE OF MAGNESIUM
In recent researches;
 Role of magnesium in preventing and managing disorders;
 such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes.
 However, taking magnesium supplements is not currently advised. Diets
 High in protein, calcium, or vitamin D will increase the need for
magnesium

10. ONTHE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY
■ There are majorly two diseases which are associate with abnormal level of magnesium
in our body which depends upon: Intake, Absorption and elimination
■ Hypomagnesaemia Deficiency of total Mg2+ level in body
■ Hypermagnesaemia increase of total Mg2+ level in body

11. ON THE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY:
H Y P O M A G N E S E M I A H Y P E R M A G N E S E M I A
Causes
Intake of Mg
Loss of Mg
Intake of Mg
Loss of Mg
Diarrhea Dehydration
Glomerular nephritis acute & chronic renal failure
Pancreatitis Cardiac arrhythmia
Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism
Hyper-aldosteronism Hypo-aldosterone

12. ON THE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY:
H Y P O M A G N E S E M I A H Y P E R M A G N E S E M I A
Clinical Sign & Symptoms
Nausea and vomiting Vomiting
Weakness Dyspnea
Diarrhea Constipation
Anorexia Alcoholism
Depression and confusion Flushing of memories

13. ON THE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY
H Y P O M A G N E S E M I A H Y P E R M A G N E S E M I A
E F F E C T S O N E L E C T R O LY T E S :
A s s o c i a t e d w i t h h y p o c a l c a e m i a &
h y p o k a l e m i a
A s s o c i a t e d w i t h h y p o c a l c a e m i a &
h y p e r k a l e m i a
EFFECT S ON MUSCULAR SYST EM:
N e u r o m u s c u l a r I r r i t a b i l i t y
T i n g l i n g .
M u s c l e c r a m p a n d n u m b n e s s .
M u s c l e s w e a k n e s s
D e p r e s s c o n t r a c t i o n o f s ke l e t a l
m u s c l e s
EFFECT S ON RENAL SYST EM
Re n a l i m p a i r m e n t A c u t e r e n a l f a i l u r e

14. ON THE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY:
HYPOMAGNESEMIA HYPERMAGNESEMIA
E F F E C T S O N C A R D I O VA S C U L A R S Y S T E M
Ta c h y c a r d i a
A b n o r m a l h e a r t r h y t h m s
C a r d i a c a r r e s t
B r a d y c a r d i a
H y p e r t e n s i o n
H y p o t e n s i o n
E F F E C T S O N L O C O M O T I O N S Y S T E M
C o m a P a r a l y s i s
E F F E C T S O N R E S P I R ATO RY S Y S T E M
L o w o x y g e n s a t u r a t i o n R e s p i r a t o r y p ro b l e m ( i . e . d y s p n e a
e t c . )

15. Daily Requirement
The daily Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for magnesium are:
 19-30 years: 400 mg (men)
310 mg (women)
 31 years and older, 420 mg (men)
320 mg (women).
 For pregnant women age 14-51 years:
the RDA is 350-400 mg;

16. Sources of Mg intake:
Nutrient Dense Food
Food that is high in nutrients but relatively low in
calories.
Nutrient-dense foods contain vitamins, minerals,
and good fats.

17. Diet for Mg Intake:
The following foods are RICH sources of magnesium
■ Pumpkin seeds:
■ Spinach.
■ Dark chocolate.
■ Black beans.
■ Almonds and nuts.
■ Cashews.
■ Avocado.
■ Salmon.

18. Absorption of Magnessium in Body:

19. Metabolic activity of Mg in body:

20. Benefits of Magnessium :
■ Magnesium is a mineral that supports hundreds of chemical reactions in your body
 Like:
 Energy creation: Helps to convert energy from foods and meals.
 Protein Formation: Helps to make protein from amino acids.
 Movement of Muscles:Contraction and relaxation of muscles smoothly.
 Regulation of Nervous System: By the help of regulation of Neurotransmittors.
 Maintainance of gene: In DNA and RNA.

21. Benefits of Magnessium :
■ Magnesium supplements enhance exercise performance in several studies.
■ It can reduce symptoms of depression in some people.
■ People who get the most magnesium have a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover,
supplements have been shown to lower blood sugar in some people.
■ Magnesium helps lower blood pressure in people with elevated levels but does not
seem to have the same effect in those with normal levels.
■ Magnesium has been shown to help fight inflammation. It reduces the inflammatory
marker CRP and provides several other benefits.

22. Benefits of Magnessium :
■ People with frequent migraines may have low magnesium levels. Some studies show
that supplementing with this mineral can provide relief from migraines.
■ Magnesium supplements may improve insulin resistance in people with metabolic
syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
■ Magnesium supplements have been shown to improve symptoms that occur in
women with PMS(Pre-Menstrual Syndrome).

23. Toxicity of Magnessium :
■ The excessive increase of Magnessium levels in body causes toxicity of Magnessium.
■ When taken in very large amounts, magnesium is POSSIBLY UNSAFE.
■ Large doses might cause too much magnesium to build up in the body, causing
serious side effects.
 An irregular heartbeat.
 Low blood pressure.
 Confusion.
 Slowed breathing.
 Coma.

24. Summary :
 What Is Magnesium & It’s Structure?
Magnesium is a mineral which is 4th most abundant cation and 2nd most abundant
intracellular ion in our body.
 Role Of Magnesium:
 Physiology
 Pathology
 Sources Of Magnesium.
 Absorption of Magnessium in Body.
 Metabolic activity of Magnessium.
 Benefit Of Magnesium’s On Body In Daily Life.
 TOXICITY OF Magnessium.

25. References:
■ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/
■ https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-proven-magnesium-benefits
■ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/magnesium-
urine-level
■ https://www.slideshare.net/rohinisane/metabolism-of-magnesium-and-its-clinical-
significance
■ https://www.Magnessiumrole.com/nutrition/importance-tsh-chach-a