grafts vs host reaction in receipt body by it own immune system is the aggressive reaction and can causes sudden death of donors organ as well as receipt own self.

1. IMMUNOLOGY
GRAFT VS HOST REACTION
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2. QUESTION;
1. What are the result of organ transplant?
2. Why fetus is not act as a graft vs host
reaction?
OR
Why mother's immune system does not
reject developing fetus as foreign tissue?
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3. TABLE OF CONTENT
• What is grafting/organ transplant?
• What is graft rejection?
• Graft Vs Host diseases(GvHD)
• Pregnancy Vs. Immune system
• References
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4. What is Grafting/Transplantation?
Transplant, also called graft or organ transplant.
The term, was borrowed from Grafting is a
surgical procedure to move tissue or organ from
one site to another on the body or from another
member of species.
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5. Types;
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6. 1. What are the result of organ
transplant?
Graft Vs Host diseases(GvHD):
 In the result of graft or transplantation there may be
occur a Graft Vs Host diseases(GvHD) or reactions.
 It is a condition that might occur after an allogeneic
transplant. In GvHD, the donated stem cells view the
recipient's body as foreign, and the donated cells or
organ attack the body.
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7. What is graft rejection?
• It is an immunologic destruction of transplanted
tissues or organs in host between two members of
a (self, same or either different) species.
• It is differentiating due to MHC proteins for that
species i.e., HLA (human leukocytes antigens) in
man and H-2 in the mouse.
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8. What is graft rejection Reaction?
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9. There are five main theories that could explain the fetus’s
success in evading the mother’s immune system.
These are;
1. The mother’s overall immune suppressed state
2. Maternal tolerance to fetal antigens
3. Down-regulation of fetal antigens
4. The presence of a barrier between maternal immunity
and the fetus =>> placenta
5. Local immune suppression at the site of the placenta.
6. Local immune suppression.
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10. There are some researches based facts which
describes that how fetus survive in maternal
body’s immunity;
1. Placenta & decidua
2. Pregnancy hormones
3. External vaccination through mother
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11. Pregnancy Vs. immune system
1. The PLACENTA is an
immunological barrier
between mother and fetus:
The onset of pregnancy
causes the expression of genes
are switched off around the fetus
and placenta. This means that
certain immune signals (i.e; T-
Cells) are turned off in the
placenta, therefore immunity
component do not attack on fetus
and placenta.
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12. Pregnancy Vs. immune system
2. Pregnancy hormones;
Pregnancy hormones such as estrogen, progesterone,
FSH, LH, oxytocin, relaxin, HPL and PGF.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG):
It has important role, in reduces the rejection of
fetus, is as immunosuppression act which reduces the
immunity & provides support to developmental fetus.
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13. 4. A mother can get the whooping cough vaccine to
provide extra protection for her fetus;
vaccinations are an example of artificial active
immunity, which develops when your immune
system comes into contact with the infectious
agent.
On the other hand, maternal antibodies are an
example of natural passive immunity. Passive
immunity involves antibodies that come to the
body from another source.
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14. Summary
• In summarization, All we know that how
maternal pregnancy enhances the protection of
fetus from as well as outside harms but also
from her owns body immune responses.
• So which hormone has the most influence on
a safe pregnancy? => HCG Hormone
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15. Reference
1. https://www.termedia.pl/Review-paper-Why-the-mother-8217-s-immune-
system-does-not-reject-her-fetus,19,11191,0,1.html
2. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180228103246.htm
3. https://bigpictureeducation.com/nine-facts-about-pregnancy-and-immune-
system
4. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120607142244.htm
5. https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/pregnancy-
hormones.aspx
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