Buildings contribute to 40 percent of global energy consumption, and are expected to do so even more in the coming future. This consumption directly influences the use of fossil fuels that have significant environmental impacts. Although renewable energy sources have shown tremendous promise, it is anticipated that most of the global energy generation will still use fossil fuels. Therefore the need for energy efficiency in buildings is critical, and the main objective of a 'smart building' is to reduce and manage building energy consumption without compromising occupant comfort and operational efficiency. Within buildings, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems contribute to significant energy consumption. The other share is consumed by lighting and plug loads. Smart buildings employ different types of sensors in HVAC and other mechanical systems which makes these systems more intelligent and adaptive. Data from sensors and associated controllers are now being used for building energy analytics and the technological advancements made in this field is very promising.

1. SENSORS AND ANALYTICS
FOR SMART BUILDINGS
DAWN JOHN MULLASSERY
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, ENERGY SYSTEMS
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2. OVERVIEW
• BUILDINGS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• SMART BUILDINGS
• ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN BUILDINGS
• HVAC - WORKING AND COMPONENTS
• SENSORS
• SENSOR AND CONTROLLER DATA IN
ENERGYANALYTICS
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3. BUILDINGS AND ENERGY
Source: https://www.seas.ucla.edu/~pilon/PCMIntro.html3

4. SMART BUILDINGS
Source: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/green_buildings/overview/4

5. WHAT MAKES A BUILDING
SMART ?
Safe, Comfortable
and Productive
Environment for
Occupants
Energy
Efficiency
SMART
BUILDING
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6. ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN
SMART BUILDINGS
Source: http://www2.schneider-electric.com/sites/corporate/en/products-services/product-launch/smart-panels/building-energy-
savings.page
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7. HVAC Systems
 HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
 Condition air to a preferred temperature and
humidity for comfort
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8. HVAC SYSTEMS
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9. HVAC WORKING
A H U
Source: https://www.eclimatenotebook.com/fundamentals_nl.php
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10. AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)
Source: https://www.eclimatenotebook.com/fundamentals_nl.php
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11. SENSORS AND CONTROLLERS
Source: http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/04/hvac-control-systems-and-building.html
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12. SENSORS
 THERMISTORS (20ºC to 24ºC)
 HUMIDITY SENSORS (50% RH to 65% RH)
 CARBON DIOXIDE SENSORS ( 450 ppm to 650
ppm)
 OCCUPANCY SENSORS
(ASHRAE standards)
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13. ENERGY ANALYTICS
 Fault Detection in building systems
 Continuous energy monitoring and real time or close-
to-real time alerts
 Identifies anomalies and patterns in building data
Where does the data come from??
Sensors and Controllers
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14. ENERGY ANALYTICS
Source: Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways
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15. SUMMARY
 Buildings contribute to 40% of total energy
consumption
 Excellent candidates for energy savings
 Smart buildings and building automation is critical
and gaining popularity
 Energy analytics is a powerful tool that has the
potential to save energy and improve building
performance
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16. THANK YOU!
Q & A
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