1. IOT FRAMEWORK AND ITS IMPACT ON
BUILDINGS
G HEMANTH KUMAR
ENIYAN

2. Energy Efficiency, a rising
concern
EnergyEnergy
EfficiencyEfficiency
EnergyEnergy
EfficiencyEfficiency
Deregulation
Deregulation of both production and
supply of gas and electricity (while
transmission and distribution remain
regulated) implies to build new
business models significantly
different from traditional ones
Generation capacities and grids
Huge investment ($16 trillion
worldwide) is needed involving an
increase in price of both gas and
electricity
Demand is booming
Because of the lack of electricity
generation capacity, peak prices
are becoming very high and
volatile
Natural resources (oil & gas)
are declining
In the consumption regions such
as Europe and North America,
energy sourcing is becoming
crucial and focuses major attention
of key energy players
Policy and environment
Kyoto protocol implementation
involves new constraints to be
integrated in today’s utility business
models

3. Energy Efficiency has implications along the
complete Energy value chain (1/2)
On the Supply Side
 Optimize T&D infrastructure
 Deploy efficient substation automation
 Upgrade to smart metering solutions
 Optimize quality and availability of supplied power
 Measure and improve delivered power quality
 Implement DG in frequently congested areas
 Influence demand consumption
 Introduce new tariff structures and smart revenue metering
 Implement AMR
 Provide customers with accurate and relevant consumption
data
 Establish DR/DSM programs
 Deploy modern IT infrastructure
 High speed telecoms infrastructure
 Modern Energy Information Systems

4. Energy Efficiency has implications along
the complete Energy value chain (2/2)
On the Demand Side
• Act on Users
– Educate people on efficient use of energy
– Act on business related procedures
• Act on loads
– Replace, renovate aging loads (lighting, motors, HVAC, …)
– Implement intelligent load control (variable speed drives,
regulation systems, lighting control, ...)
• Optimize quality and availability of on site power
– Measure and improve on site power quality
– Implement backup generation
– Exploit co-generation means
• Optimize supply costs
– Use the right tariffs according to specific load profile
– Participate in DR/DSM programs
– Resell excess power

5. Buildings are a major source of
demand side energy efficiency
• Buildings consume over 40% of total energy in the INDIA
– Between 12% and 18% by commercial buildings the rest
residential.
– Implementing the IOT Building Directive (22% reduction) could
save 40Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) by 2020.
• Consumption profiles may vary but heating, cooling and
lighting are the major energy users in buildings
– Water heating is a major element for healthcare, lodging, and
schools.
– Lighting and Space Heating are the major elements for
commercial and retail buildings.
Healthcare Buildings
28% Water Heating
23% Space Heating
16% Lighting
6% Office Equipment
27% Other
Retail Buildings
37% Lighting
30% Space Heating
10% Space Cooling
6% Water Heating
17% Other

6. Let’s dream : tomorrow’s energy
efficient buildings would have …
 A structure and walls of such insulation performance that only 50
kWh/m2/year would suffice to achieve ideal thermal comfort
 All of its equipment to the optimal energy performance level
(lighting, HVAC, office devices, …)
 Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly handle energy
usage optimization whilst guaranteeing optimal comfort, a healthy
environment and numerous other services (security, assistance to
elderly people, …)
 Renewable and non polluting energy sources
 The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal and/or electric)
or even contribute excess power to the community (zero/positive
energy buildings)
 Users whose behaviors would have evolved towards a reasoned
usage of energy

7. Envelope & structure of buildings are very efficient : less
than 50 kWh/m2/year are needed for an ideal thermal
comfort
Highly insulating and active
glazing :
• Vacuum double glazing :
energy loss = 0,5 W/m2/°C –
wall equivalent
• Thermo chromium : variable
heat flow between 20 to 60 %
New insulation materials:
thinner and able to store energy
• nano porous silica
• phase change materials
wall
coating
support
balls of paraffin
Effective treatment of thermal
bridges (junctions between walls,
metallic structures, aluminium
frames) : this can yield up to 30%
reduction of thermal losses

8. Equipment (lighting, HVAC, consumer appliances) are more
& more energy efficient
Lighting efficiency with LEDs :
from 20 toward 150 lumen /
W
Heat pumps : from 20% to
25% of performance increase
with speed driven
compression motor
Consumer appliances :
Appliances complying with the
energy performance labels
are from 10 to 40% more
efficient

9. Intelligence is everywhere in buildings : for usages
optimization, for comfort, for health, for services
Shutters, lighting, HVAC
collaborate to reach
global optimization :
increase of more than 10
%global energy efficiency
Sensors provide
information of air quality
(pollution, microbes, …)
and smart ventilation
insure health
Weather prediction are
integrated in control

10. Renewable, green energy sources are largely used
Multi-source systems
combine different energy
sources
Co-generation (heat &
electricity production)
increase their efficiency
Photovoltaic cells are integrated
to architecture.
They provide 15% of 1000
W/m2
Global prices are less than
20/W (target 2020)
Yet 1000 MW installed in Japan
Associated to seasonal storage
(ex : summer storage in earth),
thermal solar systems for
heating, cooling & hot
water cover a large part of
thermal needs

11. Buildings become an energy (thermal &/or electric)
production unit for local needs. They can even
contribute to global electricity production
• Buildings collaborate with
energy actors
• Real time management of
sources & loads in
buildings
• Buildings aggregate their
needs to optimize
transaction with energy
providers
• Buildings participate to
services for quality &
safety of electricity
network
Existing experiences :
Passivhaus in Germany,
Minergie in Switzerland,
Zero Energy Buildings in
USA
Intelligent House Duisburg

12. The dream is already partly reality
Since the 90’s numerous pilot sites have been built across the world
• Stop and Shop, Royal Ahold (Massachusetts - USA)
– High energy efficiency lights with automated lighting control
– Use of natural light (50 roof glass panels),
• Results :
– Annual energy savings : 25%,
– 50% less energy for lighting
– Increase of average customer purchase versus other stores,
• Blanquefort College (Aquitaine - France)
– Use of solar energy : 120 m2 of solar collectors and 140 m2 of solar panels,
– On-line monitoring of energy consumptions and air quality,
• Results :
– Coverage of energy needs by renewable energy : 42%
– Annual energy consumption : 72 kWh/m2
– Annual CO2 emission : 8 kg/m2
• 8 Brindabella Circuit, Canberra (Australia)
– Full control of HVAC, lighting, … per office zone with activity sensors
– Use of eco efficient lights and photovoltaic panels for hot water production
• Results :
– Energy savings : 45%
– 45% less CO2 emissions
– Hot water energy needs 100% covered by on site solar energy
2001
2005
2006

13. Turning the dream into a
commercially deployable solution
Examples of available solutions - R&D fields related to Energy Efficiency
 Offering solutions to optimize energy use in existing
buildings and guarantee efficiency over time
 75 % of the life cycle costs of a building are in the operation
and alterations of the facility over 25 years.
 Renovations in existing buildings can yield energy savings of
up to 30%.
 Long term sustainable maintenance offering preventive
maintenance can keep those savings in place
 Innovative solutions delivering energy efficiency in
new constructions
 New concept of integrated power and control building
infrastructure with distributed intelligence
 Innovative lighting solutions based on LED technology
 Advanced autonomous sensors and actuators
 Smart integration of local distributed generation means
Operation
50%
Construction &
Finance
25%
Alterations
25%

14. Tomorrow's energy efficient buildings will
require additional processing power at all
levels of its infrastructure
MV/LV
transformer
station
Main LV
switchboard
Main LV
Switchboard
LV
panel
Ultra terminal devices
Service
provider (ASP)
Remote
access
Energy
management
expert
Maintenance
engineer
Building
automation
Site engineer

15. Energy Efficiency and Intelligent
Buildings
Thank you for your attention

16. New integrated power and
control architecture
• Integration of Power, Control and VDI at infrastructure and equipment
level
• One same equipment, the Active Control Unit, for the different electrical
functions of the building
• Sharing of sensors between applications for active control
• Open communication to ensure inter operability and delivery of new
services

17. A new dimension : LED based
lighting
• Lighting represents 14% of the overall energy needs of a building. It is a major
source of energy efficiency improvement.
• The performance of lighting is directly related to the technology of the light
source but also greatly depends on the control strategy
– Frequent on / off operations according to sensor data,
– Intensity control in order to ensure constant luminosity
– The gain throughout the use cycle exceeds 20%
• The progressive introduction of LED lighting is a rupture
– In effectiveness
– In comfort of use
• Effective control of LED based lighting represents a double challenge
– Multi criteria control (based on intensity, color
temperature, focus), shared control between user &
automation
– Electric supply of these electronic loads

18. A new generation of « autonomous »
sensors and actuators for active control
• Further optimizing buildings’ energy efficiency requires extended means of
measuring and controlling
– New types of sensors : environmental, presence, luminosity, …
– A large quantity of sensors (more than 10 per room) : implies use of
radio technology to reduce cost of installation and provide ease of
evolution
• Average sensor cost of installation = 5000 + rewiring if building evolves
– Sensors and actuators must be autonomous to limit operating costs
• installation without power connections
• No batteries to manage, change or recycle
• Current work focuses on a double innovation …
– Sensor embedded power generation (no wires, no battery)
– An environmental sensor
• … and a technological rupture by introduction of MEMS technology
– to produce smaller, less consuming and smarter devices
– to allow mixing of sensors and packaging

19. Smart integration of distributed
generation means and connection to the
grid• The challenge
– Grid insertion difficulty of local distributed generation means
– Low interaction level with electricity distribution companies
– Capacity to efficiently control the energy demand is limited and
costly
• Proposed solution
– Competitive solution of universal grid connection of local
generation means that allows for all modes of operation (backup,
parallel, resell)
– Definition of a standardized definition model for the energy
control of buildings
– Management of the demand by optimal control of loads and
generation means
– Dynamic interface with distribution companies using either
internet or power line carrier communications

20. Smart integration of distributed generation means and
connection to the grid
An application example in the residential field
« Smart load shedding panel »
• Fits to traditional distribution
panels
• Controls a limited number of
feeders to balance available
energy according to :
. Priority levels
. Energy distribution mode
. Types of connected loads
• Monitors energy use
• Interfaces to the grid
connection panel
• Provides the HMI for
configuration
Grid connection
panel
« Grid connection panel »
 Connects different types
of generation sources
 Decides which source to
utilize
 Ensures network
synchronization
 Manages reselling of
excess power
 Monitors energy status
 Interfaces with the smart
load shedding panel
 Interfaces with external
environment (energy
provider, weather
forecast, …)
Connection to supply
network
Solar
panels
Genset

22. THANK U