Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of skin losing pigment, resulting in white patches with sharp borders. The cause is unknown but is believed to involve genetic susceptibility triggering an autoimmune response that destroys skin pigment cells. Risk factors include family history of autoimmune diseases. Treatment options aim to repigment the skin through topical steroids, phototherapy, or cellular grafting for segmental vitiligo. While there is no cure, combining treatments may provide improved management of symptoms and quality of life for patients.

1. SEMINAR ON
LECODERMA
Presented by
Monika Devi
Msc (N)
HCN, SRHU

2. INTRODUCTION
leucoderma /vitiligo is a long term skin condition characterized
by patches of the skin loosing their pigment. The patches of
the skin affected become white and usually have sharp
margins.
 The hair from the skin may also become white . The inside
of the mouth and nose may also be involved.
 Typically both sides of the body are affected often the
patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun.
 it is more noticeable in people with dark

3. CAUSES
 Immune
 Autoimmune
The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown
 It is believed to be due to genetic susceptibility.
 That triggered by an environmental factor such .
 Auto immune disease which result in the destruction of
skin pigment cells.

4. RISK FACTORS
 Family history of autoimmune diseases such as
 hyperthyroidism,
 alopecia areata.

5. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 presence of pale patchy areas of depigmented skin which tend
to occur on the extremities.
 The patches are initially small ,but often grow and change
shape.
 When skin lesions occur. They are most prominent on the face,
hands and wrists.
 Loss of pigmentation may usually seen around body orifices
such as mouth, eyes, nastrils, genitalia and umblicus.

6. CONT…
 Some lesions have increased skin pigmentation around
the edge.
 People with vitiligo has stigmatized for their condition
may experience depression and similar mood disorders.

7. DIAGNOSIS
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Tissue biopsy

8. CLASSIFICATION
1. Non- segmental
2. Segmental
1. Non-segmental:-
Non-segmental vitiligo can come about at any age and the
patches usually in the symmetry from classes of non
segmental vitiligo includes the following five types of vitiligo

9. 1.GENERALIZED VITILIGO

10. 2.UNIVERSAL VITILIGO

11. 3.FOCAL VITILIGO

12. 4. ACROFACIAL VITILIGO

13. 5. MUCOSAL VITILIGO

14. SEGMENTAL
 Segmental vitiligo differs in
appearance cause and frequency
of associated illness. Its
treatment is different from the
non-segmental vitiligo.
 It does not improve with topical
therapies or UV light. However
surgical treatment such as
cellular grafting can be effective.

15. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
 Chemical leucoderma is a similar condition due to multiple
exposure to chemical. Vitiligo however is a risk factor , triggers
may includes:-
 Inflammatory skin conditions
 Burns
 Intralesional steroid injection
 Abrasions.
Other conditions with similar symptoms includes the following :-

16. 1. PITYRIASIS ALBA

17. 2.TUBERCULOID LEPROSY

18. 3. POST INFLAMMATORY HYPO
PIGMENTATION

19. 4.TINEA VERSICOLOR

20. 5. ALBINISM

21. 6. PIEBALDISM

22. 7.IDIOPATHIC GUTTATE
HYPOMELANOSIS

23. 8. PROGRESSIVE MACULAR
HYPOMELANOSIS

24. TREATMENT
 There are no cure for vitiligo /lecoderma but several
treatment options are available.
 The best evidence is for applied steroids.
 Combination of ultraviolet light in combination with
creams.
 Phototherapy only be used if primary treatment are
ineffective.
 Lesions located on hands feet and joints are the most
difficult to repigment.
 Those on the face are easiest to return to the natural skin
color as the skin is thinner in nature.

25. CONT..
 Sunscreen
 Makeup
 Topical corticosteroids
 phototherapy

26. PHOTOTHERAPY

27. PREVENTION
 Maintain a happy mood
 Regular sun
 A reasonable diet

30. NURSING CARE FOR VITILIGO /
LECODERMA
Nurse should advice the clients as :-
 Work and rest avoid over exertion.
 Establish a good living law to avoid the body’s biological clock
dis orders neuroen do crine disorders.
 Protect the skin from injury can not be forced to take a both
when rubbed.

31. CONT…
 Avoid contact with phenol and phenol compounds, such as
rubber products , rubber globes, shocks to avoid prolonged
intense sunlight.
 Large cloths should fit the body, especially under garments is
not too tight the belt should be loose clinically under the
breast , waist , groin white spots, often because of local
appression due , under garments should be cotton material.

32. SUMMARY

33. CONCLUSION
 Vitiligo is a multifactorial disease . Treatment of the condition
can be unsatisfactory, although recent guidelines propose more
robust treatment options, including a combination of typical
agents with phototherapy
 Alongside medical and surgical treatment, it is important to
consider cosmetic camouflage and psychological support for
patients with vitiligo.

34.  Abstract
 Vitiligo is one of the most common cutaneous disorders of depigmentation.
Although its underlying causes are still being studied and no definitive cure
currently exists, recent research has provided insight into pathogenic
mechanisms and new treatment options. Objective: The aim of this paper is to
provide a comprehensive overview of the medical and surgical therapies for
vitiligo with emphasis on the most recent treatment modalities. Design: This
review was conducted through a literature search using PubMed and the
National institutes of Health’s clinicalTrials.gov databases from January 2010
to July 2015. This yielded 86 studies, 12 of which were excluded, and 74 of
which were reviewed. Results: Recent studies and ongoing clinical trials
indicate that there are many promising new medical and surgical treatment
modalities for this chronic condition. Conclusion: A combination of
traditional and newer treatments may work synergistically to provide
additional improvement in patients’ disease state and quality of life.
 VITILIGO IS AN ACQUIRED disease with a variable course. It is
characterized clinically by well-defined depigmented macules or patches

35.  Advances in Vitiligo: An Update on Medical and
Surgical Treatments
 Alexander B. Dillon, MD, Andrew Sideris, MSC, [...],
and Nada Elbuluk, MD, MSC

36. REFERENCES
 Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical
nursing 12th edition. Page no 1660-1667.

37. THANK YOU